EEWeb Pulse - Issue 41, 2012

8/2/2019 EEWeb Pulse - Issue 41, 2012

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April 10, 20

Karen BartlesonSynopsys

Electrical Engineering Commun

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Karen Bartleson 4SYNOPSYS

An Effective Standard: The Unified 9Power FormatBY KAREN BARTLESON

Featured Products12

The Right Processor for the

Right JobBY PAUL CLARKE WITH EBM-PAPST

Designing M2M Devices for 18

First-Time SuccessBY DERMOT OSHEA WITH TAOGLAS

RTZ - Return to Zero Comic 22

Karen Bartleson walks us through her involvement in developing a technical standard to reduce

power consumption in integrated circuits.

Interview with Karen Bartleson - Senior Director of Community Marketing; President-Elect

of IEEE

How to simplify the harrowing process of choosing the right electronics device for your project.

Dermot OShea outlines key development processes that will ensure a speedy time-to-market

for your product.

14
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INTERVIEW

Synopsys

KarenBartlesonKaren Bartleson - Senior Director of Community Marketing;President-Elect of the IEEE Standards Association

How did you get intoengineering and when didyou start?

Growing up, I didnt even know

what engineering was. I loved math

and science, and I liked playing

with dinosaurs and cars instead of

Barbies. I guess I was just kind ofweird.

When I went to college, I was

studying math and science, and The

Society of Women Engineers (SWE)

reached out to all the girls studying

sciences. They said, Why dont

you let us tell you what engineering

is all about. I was charmed. I

thought, Wow, this is really cool!

Math, science, I get to make stuff

this is for me! I was thrilled, so I

switched my major. My first time

entering the engineering school, I

thought, Where are all the girls?

Oh God, what have I gotten myself

into? I was one of maybe two girls,

and I was often the only girl in the

class. My grades were better than

almost everyone elses in the class.

This was mostly because I liked

the subjects and found the material

fascinating, and I also found that the

boys in the Engineering Department

were generally polite, smart young

men who were willing to study and

work with me. It turned out to be an

awesome career.

In 1980, I started my first job. For

engineers at that time, business was

good. I had about half a dozen job

offers to choose from, but I ended

up choosing Texas Instruments (TI)

because they were doing design

automation, which combined

hardware design and software

engineering. My job was writing
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INTERVIEW

software that would automate the

chip designwe called it computer-

aided design (CAD)thats how

long ago it was.

I just loved it! I was working ona new logic simulator, which,

instead of modeling the transistor

with just 1s and 0s, modeled

different states such as tri-states,

unknowns and floating. Of course,

some existing engineers who saw

these things thought it was weird,

while others thought it was a great

accomplishment. I actually got to

go to Europe to introduce this new

simulator.

When I was in Italy, a group of TI

engineers took me into a small

conference room and everyone was

smoking like crazy. Then they all

started grilling me, saying things

like, Your simulator is terrible!

Well never be able to use this!

Eventually they came around once I

demonstrated to them its value.

After a few years at TI, I became amanager while we were progressing

very well with CAD. I later decided

to move to Colorado to be close to

my mom, and I took a job as CAD

manager at United Technologys

Microelectronics Center (UTMC).

There, we made radiation-

hardened ASICs designed to go

into outer space and other harsh

environments. My teams job was to

put together commercial CAD tools

with internally-developed software

and build the design system.

After a while at UTMC, we were

getting a lot of business because

of our CAD system. Even though

we manufactured some of the

best ASICs for our market, our

CAD system was better than our

competitors and customers were

coming to us for our ASICs simply

because of the reputation of our

CAD system. I was very proud of

that.

Eventually, though, I got bored.

I wanted to do more, and it was a

small operation that wasnt quite

ready to put me somewhere else. I

chose Synopsys because

Growing up, I didnt

even know what

engineering was.

I loved math and

science, and I liked

playing with dinosaurs

and cars instead of

Barbies. I guess I wasjust kind of weird.

I admired their technology and

superb engineers. At the time,

Synopsys was viewed as a closed

company in terms of its interfaces.

But it was becoming a leader in

electronic design automation (EDA)

and realized that it needed to openup its interfaces because customers

were demanding it. I was qualified

to join the company because I knew

how these interfaces worked and I

knew the value of interoperability

from a customers perspective.

They hired me to be the Standards

Program Manager, and my job was

to get the company to open up and

create industry standards. That

meant that everyone at Synopsys

hated my guts! Everyone said that I

was going to enable the competition

and put us right out of business.

Fortunately for me and the

company, that never happened. We

continued to become a leader and

our interfaces are now used widely

throughout the industry. Were also

very proactive in the standards

world.

On a separate note, I was recently

elected to become president of the

IEEE Standards Association. Im

currently President-Elect, so Im

learning everything I possibly can

from the current president before I

take over for a two-year term for the

years 2013 and 2014. For me, this is

a really exciting career-enhancing

and life-enriching experience.

The Standards Association is one

of the key standards-developing

organizations in the world, which

produces global standards forelectricity and electronics.

Can you tell us about theuniversity program thatSynopsys is associated with?

Synopsys has had a university

program since 1984. What weve

done since then is turn the program

into something much bigger and

better than simply putting our

software in universities. What a lotof companies do in their programs

is give universities low-cost or free

tools, which is neat because students

gain practical hands-on experience,

which better prepares them to enter

the industry when theyre done with

school. At Synopsys, we decided to

do something even more valuable.
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INTERVIEW

We provide the universities with

software tools as well as provide

training for professors and

educators, and we give them full

support through our support center.

For each university, we provide this

program in full as if it were for a

commercial customer. But weve

taken it even further beyond that.

Were focusing a lot of attention on

two fascinating areas. One of them

is to help build high-tech industries

in emerging economies. We go

into a country that wants to develop

its technology economy, and we

work with the university systemto incorporate new software and

expand on the curriculum. This

develops a new, well-prepared

workforce at the student level.

At the same time, we work with

the government to help execute

the operation. Were working on

reaching the ultimate goal where

government, universities and

industry come together to educate

students so that they can move into

the industry with the necessary skills

and training to advance technology.

We have had success with this in

several countries such as Armenia,

Jordan, Saudi Arabia and others.

In Armenia especially, we have

helped bring a high-tech economy,

which boosts the standard of living

throughout the country. Were very

proud of this from both a business

and humanitarian perspective.

Its so great to think that an entirecountry will benefit from the work

that we have done and are doing.

The other area were focusing on

is a unique Industry/University

Educational Model. Its exclusive

to Synopsys; its like our own

university, located in our own facility.

We go to engineering universities

and pick the best students and

bring them to our university to

complete the last two years of their

Bachelor, Master or PhD studies.

We hire them as interns and teach

them our specific curriculum: how

to design EDA tools, how to design

modern integrated circuits (ICs).

Its a very modern and valuable

learning experience and at the

same time, we put them to work.

These students work in groups and

have actually developed design

kits for real technologies that are

used by Synopsys customers with

our products. So here are theseyoung engineering students who

are learning, while at the same time

contributing to Synopsys customers

by putting together these high-tech

design kits.

Working with

standards brings an

incredible amount of

respect and awe when

you create something

that is so widely

used throughout the

worldand thatswhat engineers

strive for.

When the students graduateafter

gaining this great experiencethey

will either go to work with one of our

product business units and really hit

the ground running as software en-

gineers, or they will move into other

positions with leading companies in

the industry. This program is really

the fast track to getting these stu-

dents the most intensive and appli-

cable learning experience possible.

We are gaining from it by getting

contributions from these amazing

students, and they are gaining valu-

able education and experience.

What are some of Synopsyssphilosophies associated with

social media?Currently in EDA as well as the

semiconductor industry, many

people feel that social media is a

waste of time that causes a decline in

productivity. But times are changing

and social media is becoming more

and more useful for businesses.

Synopsys has a progressive social

media program that is designed to

improve our productivity and the

connections with our customersand partners. It helps us keep up

with modern trends.

Being a leader in technology, we try

to transfer our leadership concept to

what I call marketing technology,

which is essentially what social

media and social networks are.

Its really exciting for us to be right

there on the leading edge of that

technology as wellcontributing to

communication between engineers.

To do this, we have created six

channels. First is our corporate

blog community, which has become

a commonly accepted method

of communication and is actively

contributed to by subject matter

experts who provide their expertise

and post highly-focused information
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INTERVIEW

for the world to see. The second

channel that we have created is a

radio show called Conversation

Central. Its on iTunes as well as our

Web site, and every month we get

an expert or two to talk with us for

about half an hour about interesting

topics, providing insight into the

future of technology and business.

We also have a Linkedin group with

over 1,600 members contributing to

technical discussions. Then comes

Facebook, which is very interesting.

Were finding that half of the people

who like our Facebook page are

Synopsys employees, which tells

me that our employees aroundthe world want to interact with

each other. After Facebook comes

YouTube, where Synopsys has its

own channel to which we regularly

contribute. We have how-to videos

and behind-the-scenes videos of

conferences, both of which were

really proud of because we expect

the channel to really grow. Finally,

the weirdest, and probably my

favorite, is Twitter. Weve had someamazing experiences on Twitter

interacting with customers, in ways

that I never would have been able to

before. For example, one day I was

checking the Twitter feed and saw a

post from someone that said, Why

do Synopsys tools suck so bad?

I looked up the poster and found

out that he is indeed an engineer

and a customer of ours. I thought,

This is bad, So I contacted him

and asked him what he was having

a problem with, and he said, Oh

nothing really; I was just letting off

steam. I got to know him better

and discovered that he did have an

interest in standards, so we helped

get him on a standards committee,

which worked out well.

We use social media for

communicating and engaging

in ways that are different from

yet still in support of traditional

marketing communications, which

has worked out really well for us

and our customers.

Can you tell us more aboutyour thoughts on standards?

I wrote a book calledThe Ten

Commandments for Effective

Standards. In my experience, these

are the 10 reasons why standards

are effective, why they are important

to an industry, and how to best go

about creating them. A lot of times

engineers will say things like,

Standards, oh manFirst of all I

dont want to expose my technology,

because its a secret and I dont want

anyone else to use it. They also

see standards as time consuming

and highly political. They think that

they dont have the time because

sometimes it can take two or three

years to produce a standard, and

they dont like the politics because

there is often a negative connotation

associated with it in general.

However, if you think about

standards like Wi-Fi or USBeven

with these other concerns in mind

you can see how standardization

has had such an amazing impact

on technology today. These

standards grow the marketplace in

a tremendous way.

Working with standards brings an

incredible amount of respect and

awe when you create somethingthat is so widely used throughout the

worldand thats what engineers

strive for.

EEWebElectrical Engineering CommunityJoin Today

www.eeweb.com/register
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Technical standards are per-

vasive. When theyre effective, they

enable innovation, increase quality,

and reduce costs. Over the past five

years, Ive been involved in a tech-

nical standardization effort that is a

good example of an effective stan-

dard. Its called the Unified Power

Format, and its official name is 1801-

2009 - IEEE Standard for Design

and Verification of Low Power Inte-

grated Circuits.

Power consumption by electronic

products that is, the reduction

of it is one the most important

challenges being addressed by

the electronic design automation

industry. From mobile devices to

massive data centers, lowering

the amount of energy that their

integrated circuits consume is

essential to battery life, consumer

satisfaction, cost and sustainability.

There are two main types of power

consumption within an integrated

circuit: dynamic and leakage. Dy-namic power consumption occurs

when the integrated circuits com-

ponents switch states, that is, from

on to off and vice versa. Leakage

power also known as static power

consumption generally occurs

when the components are inactive.

(Some leakage power is consumed

during switching, but its the wasted

power used during inactivity thats

of most concern.)

Two techniques are commonly

used to reduce an integrated

circuits power consumption: clock

gating and multi-voltage threshold

optimization. During clock gating,

components that are not switchingstates are disconnected from the

clock. (A clock is a distributed

signal that controls the overall

activity of the integrated circuit.)

Clock gating helps reduce dynamic

power consumption. With multi-

voltage threshold optimization,

components that switch faster

An Effective

Standard:the Unified Power Format

Karen BartlesonSenior Director of Community Marketing, Synopsys;

President-Elect of the IEEE Standards Association
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PROJECT

and have more power leakage are

replaced with components that

are slower, but have less leakage

(Figure 2).

Advanced techniques for lower

power consumption include multi-

voltage islands and power gating.

Areas of the integrated circuit that

can operate with lower powerare isolated into islands that

are supplied with lower voltages.

This saves not only dynamic

power but leakage power as well.

During power gating, areas of the

integrated circuit that are idle at

times are completely shut down,

preventing leakage (Figure 3).

Engineers who work on aspects

of an integrated circuits power

consumption striving to reduce it

as much as possible while meeting

performance requirements start

with a plan, called design intent,

that details how the integrated

circuit can take advantage of the

low-power design techniques

described above.

Today, UPF is

undergoing updates and

enhancements withinthe IEEE Standards

Association in the

P1801 project working

group. It continues

to serve the industry

well as we design

ever-more-complexintegrated circuits that

demand less power.

When low-power design techniques

were originally developed, design

engineers from different companies

wrote their design intent in formats

that they created themselves.

Suppliers of design automation

tools that converted design

intent into low-power component

structures also invented their own

formats for describing design

intent. These formats werent the

same from company to company

nor from supplier to supplier. This

put a burden on design teams

who needed to communicate low-

power design intent with each

other and provide the information to

automation tools. It also put a burden

on design automation supplierswho needed to support different

formats and werent necessarily

allowed to use competitors

formats. Converting low-power

information among various formats

was resource-intensive and error-

prone.

The industry stood up and

demanded a common format be

created and standardized. The

result was the Unified Power

Format, UPF. Eight donations of

proven technologies from seven

companies were merged into a

single standard format. Because

the industry moves at the speed of

Moores law integrated circuits

doubling in complexity about every

Figure 1

Total Power

Pstatic=V*Ileak

Ileak

Pdynamic=V*Isc+C*V2*f

Isc

Iswitch

Ceff*V2*fswitch

fswitch=0.5*A*fclk

Static PowerConsumption

Dynamic PowerConsumption

Clock Gating Multi-threshold

Low VTH

Nominal VTH

High VTHLeakage

current

Delay

EN

D

CLK ICG

Q

FF

Figure 2
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PROJECT

1.5 years the standard had to be

completed quickly. In less than six

months, UPF was ratified by the

standards-setting organization,

Accellera, and transferred to the

venerable IEEE to go through its

formal standardization process.

Today, UPF is undergoing updates

and enhancements within the

IEEE Standards Association in the

P1801 project working group. It

continues to serve the industry well

as we design ever-more-complex

integrated circuits that demand less

power.


[email protected]


Electrical Engineering Community

EEWeb

1.2V1.2V

1.2V

OFF

1.0V 0.9V

Figure 3
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48 V

PSE

output

(to port

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ISENSE

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VSENSE

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DC2

VIN+50V

GND

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Classification(Optional)

andGate drive

Optional 3.3V regulator
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Over the years, microprocessors

and microcontrollers have changed

significantly. We can now domore, quicker and in ever-smaller

packages. However, with so many

devices available, which one

should you use? This is a question

I noted that most people dont

really consider. I spend time on

electronics forums and see people

making some very odd selections.

Ive helped were I can, but often

found myself saying the same thing

over and over again The right

processor for the right job.

Electronics engineers are extremely

careful when it comes to selecting

the right FET or relay. We dont just

pick the first capacitor we find in

the catalogue for the job either. All

electronics devices have pros and

cons that are carefully considered Figure 1

Paul ClarkElectronics Design Engine

The Right

Processor

for the

Right Job
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE

as well as parametric details,

lead times and costall of which

contribute to our decisions.

Its no jump at all then to consider a

microprocessor or microcontrolleras anything other than just a

electronics device. However, people

do not always look at the impact of

their choicesthe issue seems that

people get caught up by one of two

things; being comfortable or being

too geeky!

Many chips find themselves moving

from product to product or from one

hobby project to the next because

at some point, the engineer has

dealt with some messy set-up and

has decided to transplant the same

chip. This has the advantage of

being quick to set up and get you

off the ground and going. However,

there is almost no consideration

taken to if, for example, the chip

has enough I/O. I then find people

trying to shoehorn in applications

to limit memory or needing vast

amounts of I2C bus extensions toconnect EEPROMS, RTCC or just

plain IO. Its worrying how far some

people will go to keep working with

the same chip because they are

comfortable with it.

The geeks among this family of chip

selectors have very different ideas.

Its not hard to spot themthey

have the latest iPhone or super fast

gadget and never really use it they

are the must-have-it people. They

will see new chips like the ARM

Cortex-M4 and look for something

to design with it. These people have

to have the fastest, most powerful

32bit chip running a RTOS and

using DMA to PWM control the

brightness of a LED. Unfortunately,

using the latest and fastest is just

following the old saying of using a

sledge hammer to crack a nut. They

are way too powerful and expensive

and if you code it using less than 3%

of code space ask yourself what you

are doing.

There are, however, many factors in

selecting the right chip and these

are just some of the ones I consider

every time! I dont believe that you

can use the same chip over and

over, which also extends to the

manufacture too. At ebm-papst,

where I work, its been a long-

term decision to use microchip

devices. These come in a massiverange from small 6pin 8-bit chips

up to massive MIPS 32-bit cores.

This has given us an advantage

of using one IDE over time and

we have one support contact and

core supplier of the devices. Its

been a good choice to stay with

one manufacturer, however, our

projects have had very common

themas. We have only used 8-/16-

bit devices because these were

quick enough, low cost and had the

right built-in features. As we move

forward and start considering 32-bit

devices, we have found that maybe

the Microchip family is not for us.

As such, Im now considering NXP

Cortex-M0s and M1s.

Consideration for cost, amount of

I/O and the type of I/O is paramount.

Things like I2C, SPI and numbers of

UARTS are all to fit your application,not the other way round. Memory

and code space are also very

important but a key feature that can

swing lots of people is the IDE and

support tools. Support tools are

very important, as these can either

make your project a joy or the job

from hell.

So when it comes to considering a

chip, I take a blank sheet of paper

and, leaving a gap in the middle,

start laying out what I/O I need and

blocks with things like Modbus,

display interface, number of fans,

sensor inputs, GPS or anything

else you can think of. I then look

at the number of I/O lines and the

type of interface I need. You need

to consider moving stuff around.

For example, if you have two I2C

devices already, could you move

that SPI EEPROM to a I2C bus? Or

would that interrupt your bandwidth

to the high spec ADC thats on the

I2C bus? Consider where I/O worksbest.

After this, you can then make a grid

of all the interfaces you need down

one side. Consider from experience

how much code and RAM you will

need. Block out a flow chart of your

code if you have toit helps to get

a better estimate. I would also set

limits, like what I would like and

what is essential. Along the top,

you can place the device name /

part number and start filling in what

it has to offer. I colour numbers in

green that meet the spec and red

for ones that dont. Its then very

easy to see which chips you should

consider.

Some chip manufactures do

help with this selection, however.

The microchip selection tool is

interactive so you can adjust youroptions and see what chips are

available.

Its now down to you. You have to

decide which one you are most

happy with. But the important thing

is that you are making a choice. If
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE

you are choosing a chip, that means

a new IDE and support tools,

which is for the good of the project.

Remember, youre an engineer andlove solving problems. Selecting

the right chip and defending that

choice with your peers means that

you have stopped pushing square

pegs in round holes.

http://www.microchip.com/prod-

uctselector/MCUProductSelector.

html

About the Author

Paul Clarke is a digital electronics

engineer with strong software skills

in assembly and C for embedded

systems. At ebm-papst, he develops

embedded electronics for thermal

management control solutions

for the air movement industry.

He is responsible for the entire

development cycle, from working

with customers on requirement

specifications to circuit and PCBdesign, developing the software,

release of drawings, and production

support.

Figure 2

EEWebElectrical Engineering Community

Join Today

www.eeweb.com/register
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17/23

Low-Noise 24-bit Delta Sigma ADC

ISL26132, ISL26134The ISL26132 and ISL26134 are complete analog front ends

for high resolution measurement applications. These 24-bit

Delta-Sigma Analog-to-Digital Converters include a very

low-noise amplifier and are available as either two or four

differential multiplexer inputs. The devices offer the same

pinout as the ADS1232 and ADS1234 devices and are

functionally compatible with these devices. The ISL26132 and

ISL26134 offer improved noise performance at 10Sps and

80Sps conversion rates.

The on-chip low-noise programmable-gain amplifier provides

gains of 1x/2x/64x/128x. The 128x gain setting provides an

input range of 9.766mVFS when using a 2.5V reference. The

high input impedance allows direct connection of sensors such

as load cell bridges to ensure the specified measurement

accuracy without additional circuitry. The inputs accept signals

100mV outside the supply rails when the device is set for unitygain.

The Delta-Sigma ADC features a third order modulator

providing up to 21.6-bit noise-free performance.

The device can be operated from an external clock source,

crystal (4.9152MHz typical), or the on-chip oscillator.

The two channel ISL26132 is available in a 24 Ld TSSOP

package and the four channel ISL26134 is available in a 28 Ld

TSSOP package. Both are specified for operation over the

automotive temperature range (-40C to +105C).

Features Up to 21.6 Noise-free bits.

Low Noise Amplifier with Gains of 1x/2x/64x/128x RMS noise: 10.2nV @ 10Sps (PGA = 128x)

Linearity Error: 0.0002% FS

Simultaneous rejection of 50Hz and 60Hz (@ 10Sps)

Two (ISL26132) or four (ISL26134) channel differential

input multiplexer

On-chip temperature sensor (ISL26132)

Automatic clock source detection

Simple interface to read conversions

+5V Analog, +5 to +2.7V Digital Supplies

Pb-Free (RoHS Compliant)

TSSOP packages: ISL26132, 24 pin; ISL26134, 28 pin

Applications Weigh Scales

Temperature Monitors and Controls

Industrial Process Control

Pressure Sensors

ADC

PGA

1x/2x/64x/128x

INTERNAL

CLOCK

SDO/RDY

SCLK

DVDDAVDD

DGNDAGND

XTALIN/CLOCK

VREF+

EXTERNAL

OSCILLATORXTALOUT

VREF-A0 A1/TEMP

AIN1+

AIN1-

AIN2+

AIN2-

AIN3+

AIN3-

AIN4+

AIN4-

INPUTMULTIPLEXER

ISL26134Only

CAP

CAP

GAIN1GAIN0

PWDN

SPEED

DGNDDGND

NOTE for A1/TEMP pin: Functions as A1 on ISL26134; Functions as TEMP on ISL26132

FIGURE 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM

September 9, 2011

FN6954.1

Get the Datasheet and Order Samples

http://www.intersil.com

Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc. Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2011

All Rights Reserved. All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
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Radio frequency (RF) op-

timization and over-the-air (OTA)

performance in wireless devices is

critical for network certification and

PCS-1900 Type Certification Review

Board (PTCRB). There are many

reasons why M2M devices fail cer-

tifications, and antennas are often to

blame for certification failures. This

can be due to the antenna itself,

an incorrect antenna selection, or

the way it is integrated. Often it is

a system issue, such as the overall

design of the system and how that

device is interacting as a system.

In this article I will discuss the

important process of antenna

selection, how to incorporate them

in M2M devices, and the recipe

for connectivity success. First, lets

take a look at selecting the proper

antenna.

Early Antenna Selection

Paves the Way for Success

Understanding the requirementsfor achieving certification such

as PTCRB and specific network

certification processes are the

most important factors when first

selecting an antenna. Once the

module provider and the carrier

have been selected, the next part of

the process should be selecting the

right antenna for your application.

This will have a significant impact

on the size, layout and performanceof your device. Hence, it is important

to make your selection at the early

stage of the design. This will enable

the antenna provider to consider the

application, target performance,

certification requirements and

device topology when advising on

the most relevant antenna solution.

Dermot OSheaCo-Founder and Joint Managing Director of Taoglas

Designing

M2M Devices

for First-Time

Success
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE

Antenna selection and integration

will affect over-the-air (OTA)

requirements and can affect

radiated spurious emission (RSE)

figures. Without high antenna

efficiency, certain network OTA

requirementsparticularly Total

Radiated Power (TRP)will

not be met. RSE is a common

point of failure for machine-to-

machine (M2M) devices seeking

PTCRB certification. This can be

misinterpreted as an antenna issue.

Heres what can happen:

1. RSE failure can be caused by an

antenna impedance mismatch

with the module when the

device is on and transmitting.

Figure 1: Inside of the Anechoic Chamber

The solution is to design the

antenna for an active device,

not just a passive device. There

must be a good impedance

match when the device is on

and transmitting and when

connected to the network/base

station simulator.

2. When the antenna selection is

good and efficiency is high, thetotal radiated power (TRP) will

be high. This is exactly what you

want to achieve for optimal send

and receive sensitivity. However,

this can also result in the system

re-radiating emissions, and

with the increased power, RSE

failures can result. It is not

good practice to detune the

antenna or bring down antenna

efficiency to resolve this issue.

The emission source needs to

be identified and eliminated, or

at least prevented from getting

to the antenna and being

received into the system.

Following Best Practices

Delaying antenna decisions can

result in the loss of the devices

window of opportunity in the

market and will end up costing

hundreds of thousands of dollars

in device debugging and/or

redesign, not to mention additional

testing and certification fees.
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE

Following are some best practices

when considering RF design and

integration while designing M2M

products:

1. Plan for problems. Wirelessdevice design is complex,

especially when multi-band

cellular is included, and even

more so when other wireless

technologies such as GPS,

WiFi, 915MHz and others

are present. The presence

of batteries and other metals

close to the cellular antenna

can cause issues in any system.

Devices using an embeddedantenna are likely to require

some level of customization.

Many M2M companies are not

experienced in wireless device

design to debug design issues,

and may not have access to

the equipment and resources

to acquire this expertise. Many

years of experience on similar

products is what enables

engineers to quickly identify

and resolve issues that cause

RSE failure.

2. Separate antennas. Keep the

antennas as far away from

each other as possible to avoid

detuning issues.

3. Size matters. The bigger the

antenna, the better the antenna.

Size enables antennas to have

wider bandwidth, more gain

and better efficiency. The more

space allocated for a cellular

antenna, the easier it will be for

the antenna designer to deliver

a successful solution. The

same rule applies to antenna

clearance.

4. Avoid cables and connectors.

Cables and connectors should

come with a warning note.

They introduce loss and can

bring impedance mismatches.

This is unavoidable if external

antennas are required, but an

edge-mounted connector can

be used with a transmission

line to route the signals to the

module. This is more effective

than a cable jumper.

5. Target with margin. It is best to

target with a 2dB margin. That

way, if problems do occur, it

does not affect the test plan.

6. Optimize shielding. Try to

implement physical shielding

on the PCB as much as possible.

The simplest way to achieve

this is to place metal cans over

active circuitry.

7. Completely fill your ground

plane. It is best to fill in all

unused areas of your printed

circuit board (PCB) withground.

8. Test the antenna. It is important

to perform proper antenna

testing (return loss and

efficiency) during the initial

design and prototype stages.

At the final stage, it is vital to

measure antenna efficiency

and perform OTA and RSE pre-

scans.

9. Consult with experts. Talk to all

the relevant parties regarding

your applicationthe carrier,

module provider, antenna

provider, test labs and design

house. A design review is also

recommended before finishing

hardware design.

Valuable Advice

The bottom line for ensuring quickdevelopment, speedy time-to-

market and ease free certification

for M2M devices is planning well

ahead. Getting the antenna right is

easy if you begin early and integrate

antennas into the design as one of

the first steps. My advice is talk to

the experts early and frequently; it

will save a lot of money in the long

run.

About the Author

Dermot OShea is co-founder and

joint managing director of Taoglas.

Having founded Taoglas with Ronan

Quinlan in Taiwan in 2004, he is

currently responsible for sales,

finance and marketing and is based

in Taoglas San Diego office. Prior to

founding Taoglas, Dermot worked

for over ten years in the global

electronics industry for companies

such as Network International. He is

a highly regarded source in the M2M

antenna market and today advises

automotive, tracking, telemedicaland utility companies worldwide

on antenna solutions. Dermot is an

expert in the wireless antenna arena,

he provides high-level counsel on

device noise debugging, testing

services, device certification and

approval management. Dermot has

a Science Degree from University

College Dublin and postgraduate

diplomas from Dublin Business

School (Business), Griffith CollegeDublin (Computing) Waterford

Institute of Technology (Enterprise

Development). For more information

visit: http://www.taoglas.com
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21/23

BeStar

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RETURN TO ZERO
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23/23

RETURN TO ZERO


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EEWeb Pulse - Issue 41, 2012