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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 6

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 7

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 8

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 9

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 10

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 11

Z‡e mvgšÍ hyMxq ag©xq AÜZ¡, VKwbf©ikxjZv, fyj wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y Af¨vm cÖeYZv Avi Zvi mv‡_ A_©nxb AnsKvi‡eva `viæYfv‡e AvR Aewa mgvR‡K ye©j K‡iB P‡j‡Q| Z‡e hw` mivmwi gvbyl gvbyl‡K cY¨ evwb‡q e¨envi Kivi †h ixwZ `vm cÖ_vi hy‡M ¯xK…Z ms¯‹„wZ wQj, Zv wKšÍz wfbœ iƒ‡c I wfbœ-wfbœ Ae ’v‡b gvivZ¥Kfv‡eB m„wó n‡”Q Ges Qwo‡q ci‡Q| mgªvU-ivRv-Rwg`vi‡`i RvqMvq gvbecÖfyiv †hme bv‡g †kvlY, wbh©vZb I †fvMwejvm envj †i‡L‡Q Zviv nj †kvlK ivR‰bwZK †bZv, ÿgZvkxb Avgjv †kÖwY, Kv‡jv UvKvi gvwjK, cyuwRcwZ, wkí-gvwjK, wkí-D‡`¨v³v, we‡`wk‡`i `vjvj, GbwRI e¨emvqx, gybvdv wfwËK Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK, †Mvôx BZ¨vw`|

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 12

†PŠgv_vq evsjv‡`kGg Gg AvKvk

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 13

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 14

GB `jwU KLbB weGbwci m‡½ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wRZ‡Z cvi‡e bv| AvIqvgx jxM‡K cwi®‹vifv‡e gyw³hy‡×i ag©wbi‡cÿZvi Av`k© I fvlvwfwËK mvs¯‹„wZK RvZxqZvev‡`i c‡ÿ ewjô Ae ’vb wb‡qB AMÖmi n‡Z n‡e| gymwjg AvIqvgx jxM †_‡K AvIqvgx jxM n‡q cybivq gymwjg AvIqvgx jxM nIqvi my‡hvM AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bB| AvIqvgx jxM‡K hw` G¸‡Z nq Zvn‡j mvg‡bi w`‡KB G¸‡Z n‡e| †hfv‡e e½eÜy 1975 mv‡ji cÖ_g w`‡K AvIqvgx jxM‡K ÎæwUc~Y©fv‡e n‡jI evsjv‡`k K…lK kÖwgK AvIqvgx jxM evbv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb †mBfv‡eB AvRI BwZnvm †_‡K wkÿv wb‡q AZxZ ÎywU¸wj †_‡K gy³ n‡q K…lK-kÖwgK Awfgy‡LB nvuU‡Z n‡e AvIqvgx jxM‡K| gg©MZfv‡e AvIqvgx jxM hw` mvaviY gvby‡li m‡½ _vK‡Z Pvq Ges MYZvwš¿Kfv‡e wbe©vwPZ n‡q †`k kvmb Ki‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j kÖwgK K…lK I ytLx gvby‡li ev Íe Ae ’vi DbœwZ NwU‡qB Zv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| jy‡Uiv‡`i cÖkÖq w`‡q, yb©xwZevR‡`i AvkÖq w`‡q, `‡ji K¨vWvi‡`i UzcvBm Kvgv‡bvi e¨e ’v K‡i

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 15

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 16

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 17

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 18

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 19

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 20

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 21

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 22

Avwg bvix‡`i w`‡K bZzb †Pv‡L ZvKv‡Z ïiæ Kijvgwm‡gvb `¨v ey‡fvqvifvlvšÍi: mykvšÍ eg©b

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e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 23

gvbyl mePvB‡Z fyj ey‡S‡Q †h Avwg †evanq bvix-cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ †h cv_©K¨ †mUv‡K A¯xKvi K‡iwQ| A_P GB eBwU wjL‡Z wM‡q †h welqwU bvix-cyiæl‡K Avjv`v K‡i‡Q, †m wel‡q Avwg m‡PZb n‡qwQjvg| Avwg eyS‡Z †c‡iwQjvg †h, GB Awgj¸‡jvi †ewkifvM mvs¯‹„wZK, cÖvK…wZK bq| ˆkke †_‡K e„× nIqv ch©šÍ welq¸wj Kxfv‡e m„wó n‡q‡Q Zv Avwg wbqgZvwË¡Kfv‡e we‡kølY Kiv ïiæ Kijvg| GB c„w_ex bvix‡`i‡K †h m¤¢vebv¸‡jv Dcnvi †`q, Avwg Zv‡`i‡K we‡kølY K‡iwQjvg| G¸‡jv‡K hviv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i Zv‡`i‡K, bvix‡`i Rb¨ eivÏ m¤¢vebv¸‡jv‡K, Zv‡`i mxgve×Zv‡K, Zv‡`i †mŠfvM¨ Ges yf©vM¨, Zv‡`i D‡cÿv c×wZ Ges Zv‡`i AR©b, mewKQz‡K Avwg cixÿv K‡i †`‡LwQ| Gi me¸‡jv‡K Avwg L’Expérience vécue Gi wØZxq L‡Ð †i‡LwQ|

Avwg gvÎ yB ermi GB Kv‡Ri Rb¨ e¨q K‡iwQ [1] | Gig‡a¨ mgvRweÁvb Ges g‡bvweÁvb m¤ú‡K© mvgvb¨ wKQz Ávb AR©b K‡iwQ| wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K cvIqv cÖwkÿY‡K ab¨ev`| Kvh©Kifv‡e KvR Kiv Avgvi Af¨v‡m cwiYZ n‡qwQj| Kxfv‡e eB mvRv‡Z nq, Kxfv‡e mvie Íy msMÖn Ki‡Z nq, Kxfv‡e KíwP·K †S‡o †dj‡Z nq Zv Avwg †R‡bwQjvg| welq m¤ú‡K© Bswjk Ges †d«Â fvlv‡Z hv wQj, Zvi GKwU AvKl©Yxq ZvwjKv AvwgˆZwi K‡iwQ| GB welqwU cÖPzi mvwnZ¨K‡g©i Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q, wKšÍz mvaviY NUbv nj, GB wekvj cvVh‡Ái Lye Aí cwigvYB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| hLb wØZxq fjy¨gwUi KvR PjwQj, ZLb mv‡Î© Ges Avgvi wbiew”Qbœ †KŠZ‚nj †_‡K Lye DcKvi cvw”Qjvg| Avgiv A‡bK ermi a‡i me ai‡Yi gvbyl m¤ú‡K© †KŠZ‚nj †eva K‡iwQjvg| Avgvi ¯§„wZkw³I Avgv‡K A‡bK †ewk Z_¨ w`‡q‡Q|

cÖ_g fjy¨gwU fv‡jvfv‡eB M„nxZ n‡qwQj| 22 nvRvi Kwc cÖ_g mßv‡n wewµ n‡q †M‡Q| wØZxqUvI fvj wewµ n‡q‡Q, wKšÍz GUv gvbyl‡K bvov w`‡q‡Q| hLb eB †_‡K †bqv wKQz Ask Les Temps Modernes cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nj, ZLb †h cwigvY Abvek¨K I evovevwo iK‡gi µyiZvi m„wó n‡qwQj Zv †`‡L Avwg nZPwKZ n‡q wM‡qwQjvg| Rywjqvb †MÖK GK wbe‡Ü ixwZgZ D‡jøL K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Avgvi g‡bve‡ji Rb¨ Avgv‡K Awfb›`b Rvwb‡q‡Qb| wZwb Aek¨ mgvwa wb‡q K_v ejvi Rb¨ Avgv‡K `vk©wbK MwYZwe` Poincare Gi mv‡_ ZzjbvI K‡i‡Qb| GB ai‡Yi d«vÝxq AkvjxbZvi †Kvb cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z Avwg m¤ú~Y© e¨_© n‡qwQ| kãwU †hfv‡e e¨enƒZ n‡q‡Q, Zv Avgv‡K cÖ_gev‡ii gZ nZevK K‡i‡Q| KiæYvq fiv kÖ×v wgwk‡q Claudine Chonez Avgv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔZzwg wK AvZ¥wek¦vmx?Õ Avwg e‡jwQjvg, ÔAvZ¥wek¦vmx!Õ Zvici wZwb Avevi ej‡jb, ÔZzwg A‡bK eÜy nviv‡Z hv”Q|Õ Avwg ejjvg, ÔwVK Av‡Q, Avwg wPšÍv Kijvg, hw` Avwg Zv‡`i‡K nvivB,

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 24

Zvn‡j Zviv Avgvi eÜy bq|Õ Avwg †hfv‡e wjL‡Z †P‡qwQ, †h †Kvb g~‡j¨ wVK †mfv‡eB eBwU wj‡LwQ| wKšÍz KLbI wn‡iv nevi †Kvb evmbv Avgvi wQj bv| hv‡`i Avwg fv‡jv wPwb, †mB gvbyl¸‡jv, mv‡Î©, Bost, Merleau-Ponty, Leiris, Giacometti Ges Les Temps Modernes cwÎKvi Kg©xiv wVK GB wel‡q Ab¨‡`i PvB‡Z A‡bK †ewk MYZvwš¿K| hw` Avwg Zv‡`i Rb¨ wjL‡Z _vKZvg, Zvn‡j nq‡Zv GKwU †Lvjv `iRv †f‡O †djvi wec‡` c‡o †hZvg| †h †Kvb Dcv‡qB †nvK bv †Kb Avgv‡K wVK †mB †`v‡lB †`vlx Kiv nw”Qj| bvbvwKQz Avwe®‹vi, e¨½ Kiv, eKeK Kiv mewKQz PjwQj| Avgv‡K A‡bK wel‡q Awfhy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q, mewKQz m¤ú‡K©| cÖ_gZt Gi me¸‡jvB Akvjxb, Ryb RyjvB Ges AvM÷ msL¨vi Les Temps Modernes nU‡K‡Ki g‡Zv wewµ n‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jv wKšÍz cov n‡q‡Q, †hfv‡e wQj, †Nvjv‡U †Pv‡L| †KD nq‡Zv wek¦vm Ki‡Z cv‡i †h d«‡qW Ges g‡bvwe‡kølK‡`i KLbI †Kvb Aw ÍZ¡ wQj bv| Avgvi Kvi‡Y Avgv‡K AvNvZ Kivi Rb¨ wjwLZ iPbv¸‡jv g~jZ Akøxj AvPi‡Yi bMœ Drme gvÎ| †mB cyi‡bv g‡bvfw½ AwZ ªæZ Qwo‡q c‡owQj| Avwg ¯bv‡g †ebv‡g †jLv †ek wKQz †kølvZ¥K KweZv, e¨½‡KŠZzK, civgk© Ges Dc‡`k †`qv wPwV †c‡qwQ| D`vniY¯iƒc cÖ_g wj‡½i GKRb mwµq m`m¨ AZ…ß, KvgkxZjgq gwnjv, Priapic †hŠb ZvwoZ bvix, mgKvgx, kZevi evwZj nIqv, Avwg mewKQz GgbwK AweevwnZ gvZv| gvbyl Avgvi KvgkxZjZv ~i K‡i †`qvi A_ev Avgvi †hŠbÿyav‡K AviI †ewk RvwM‡q †`qvi cÖ Íve w`‡qwQj| ¸ßZ_¨ dvum K‡i †`qvi Rb¨ Avwg cÖwZÁve× wQjvg| GK AgvwR©Z, ’~j c×wZ‡Z, wKšÍz mZ¨, fv‡jv Ges †mŠ›`‡h©i bv‡g, my¯v‡ ’ i bv‡g GgbwK KweZvi bv‡gI| me g~j¨nxb wRwbm¸‡jv‡K Avwg cv‡qi Z‡j wc‡l †d‡jwQ| Gme Avm‡j Uq‡j‡Ui †`qv‡ji GK‡N‡q †jLv¸‡jvi gZ| Avwg eyS‡Z cvwi †h †hŠbevwZKMÖ ’iv ˆewP‡Î¨i Rb¨ Zv‡`i KxwZ©‡K Avgvi Kv‡QB cvVv‡Z Pvq| wKšÍz Avwg Mauriac Gi Kv‡R AevK n‡q wM‡qwQjvg| Les Temps Modernes cwÎKvi R‰bK Kg©xi Kv‡Q wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb: Avgvi Kv‡Q Avcbvi Kg©Pvixi †hŠbA½vejxi Avi †Kvb †MvcbxqZv †bB| G †_‡K †evSv hvq †h e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bI kã wb‡q wZwb mZK© bb| hLb wZwb k㸇jv gyw ªZ †`L‡jb, ZLb GZ †ewk D‡ËwRZ n‡jb †h Le Figaro litteraire cwÎKvq mvaviYfv‡e c‡b©vMÖvwd Ges we‡kl K‡i Avgvi cÖeܸ‡jv‡K †`vl †`qvi Rb¨ d«v‡Ýi hyemgvR‡K cÖvqB cxovcxwo Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| Gi mvdj¨ Kg wQj| Pauillon Ges Cau Avgv‡K iÿvi Rb¨ D‡o G‡mwQj| Zv‡`i cÖZy¨Ëi¸wj `gbbxwZi wkKvi n‡qwQj Ges m¤¢eZ GiKg Av‡iv A‡b‡Ki †ÿ‡ÎI n‡qwQj| Avgvi ¯cÿ wQj| Ab¨‡`i g‡a¨ Domenach wLªóvb‡`i KzwcZ nIqv LyeB gvwR©Z wQj Ges mvgwMÖKfv‡e ej‡j ZiæYiv Avgvi AwZwi³ evK¨¸‡jv‡K Lye

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 25

GKUv AevwÃZ fv‡ewb| wVK ZLb wZwb Zvi avivevwnK iPbv eÜ Ki‡Z hvw”Q‡jb| ZLb GK Aáixi gZ iƒceZx GK bvix Zv‡K GKwU wPwV w`j| Zvi (Maurine) cÖ‡Z¨KwU AvKv•ÿv‡K wZwb GZ wbLyuZfv‡e we‡kølY K‡i ¯xK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb †h Avgiv A‡b‡K GB NUbvq Lye Av‡gvw`Z n‡qwQjvg| Maurine mwZ¨B GKwU fvj wRwbm †c‡q‡Qb| Zv m‡Ë¡I †i÷y‡i›U Ges K¨v‡d‡Z- hv Avwg Algren Gi Rb¨ †ewk †ewk hvB- RbMY Avgvi w`‡K evuKv †Pv‡L ZvwK‡q A_ev mivmwi Avgv‡K †`wL‡q e¨v‡½i nvwm nvmZ| Boulevard Montparnasse Gi Nos GjvKvq GKw`b iv‡Zi Lvev‡ii mgq Kv‡Qi †Uwe‡ji †jvKRb Avgv‡K †`‡L nvmvnvwm ïiæ Kij| Avwg Uvbv‡nuPov cQ›` Kwi bv, Algren NUbvi mgq mv‡_ wQj, hLb P‡j Avmvi mgq, Avgvi g‡bi GK UzK‡iv Zv‡`i‡K w`‡q Gjvg|

wns ªZvi ZxeªZv Ges cÖwZwµqvi gvÎv †`‡L Avwg nZeyw× n‡q wM‡qwQjvg| j¨vwUb gvbyl‡`i g‡a¨ K¨v_wjK gZev` cyiælvjx wbôyiZv‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i Ges GgbwK al©KvgxZvi w`‡K †V‡j †`q| BUvwji gvbyl‡`i g‡a¨ Gi mv‡_ iƒpZv‡K †hvM Kivi cÖeYZv Av‡Q Ges ¯ú¨vwbqvW©iv †hvM K‡i J×Z¨| wKšÍz GB ai‡Yi †bvsiv gvbwmKZv †d«Â‡`i G‡Kev‡i wbR¯| †Kb? bvixev`x cÖwZ‡hvwMZv‡K d«v‡Ýi GKRb cyiæl cÖv_wgKfv‡e A_©‰bwZK ûgwK e‡j g‡b K‡i A_ev ivóªxq AvB‡bi gva¨‡g wbðqZv †`qv nqbv Ggb GK †kÖôZ¡ eRvq ivLv Rvwni K‡i| †bvsiv K_v ejvi cÖ_v wewfbœ cÖePb, cÖwZwPÎ, ÿy ª Kvwnbx Ges kãfvÐv‡iI i‡q‡Q| GB RvZxq cÖ_v bvix‡`i †hŠbe Íy g‡b Kivi aviYvq A‡bK im` †hvMvq| Aek¨ †hŠbcÖe„wËi †ÿ‡Î †d«Ý †kÖô‡Z¡i eskvbyµwgK aviYvwUI ûgwKi gy‡L c‡owQj| B`vbxs †d«Â cyiæ‡li PvB‡Z BUvwji cyiæl‡`i‡KB Av`k© †cÖwgK g‡b Kiv n‡”Q| †kl ch©šÍ gy³ bvix‡K mgv‡jvPbvi D‡Ïk¨ Zv‡`i m½x‡K AvNvZ A_ev K¬všÍ K‡i, GUv Zv‡`i‡K ÿyä K‡i †Zv‡j| GB A_©nxbZv nj ïay d«v‡Ýi cyi‡bv KvgR¡‡i AvµvšÍ nIqv gvbwmK AvNvZ w`‡Z I _y _y wQUv‡Z mÿg cyiæl Øviv cÖwZ ’vwcZ nIqv| [2]

MZ b‡f¤‡i Zievwi¸‡jv Avevi GKevi †Kvlgy³ n‡qwQj| mgv‡jvPbv cvkweKZvq cwiYZ n‡qwQj| gwnjviv memgq cyiæ‡li mgvb wQj, Zv‡`i‡K wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ nxbgb¨Zvi Avov‡j †V‡j †`qv n‡qwQj, Avwg hv wKQz e‡jwQ meB mvaviY Ávb- GB wel‡q gZ‡f‡`i †Kvb AeKvk †bB, mg Í eB‡Z GKUvI mwZ¨ K_v †bB| Liberte' de l'esprit -G Boideffre Ges Nimier yRbB N„Yv cÖKv‡k Av‡iv mvdj¨ cÖKvk K‡iwQj| Avwg Amnvq gvbwmK †ivMx, Avwg Ae`wgZ, nZvk Ges Rxeb Øviv cÖZvwiZ, LvÐviwb, Ggb GK gwnjv †h wVKg‡Zv fv‡jvevm‡Z cv‡iwb, cikÖxKvZi, wZ³Zvc~Y© Ges cyiæl‡`i m¤§v‡bi †cÖwÿ‡Z nxbgb¨Zv‡ev‡a †d‡U

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 26

cowQjvg; cyiæl‡`i cÖwZ Avgvi we‡Øl GZ †ewk †h Avwg †hb wb‡Ri gvsm wb‡R Kvgovw”Qjvg| [3] Lye wLª÷vwb KiæYv wb‡q Jean Guitton wj‡L‡Qb †h, `¨v †m‡KÛ †m· Zv‡K Lye †e`bvi mv‡_ AvNvZ K‡i‡Q KviY †h †KD Avgvi yt‡Li Rxeb bvgK AskwUi wfZi w`‡q mewKQz ¯úó †`L‡Z cv‡e| Armand Hoog wb‡R‡K Av‡iv fv‡jvfv‡e †g‡j a‡i‡Qb- †g‡q nIqvi Rb¨ Ae`wgZ nIqv, cyiæ‡li †Pv‡L †g‡q wn‡m‡e Zvi e›`x`kvi Rb¨ m‡PZb mšÍvc, wZwb (wm‡gvu `v ey‡fvqvi) cyiæl‡`i „wófw½ Ges wb‡Ri Ae ’v y‡Uv‡KB cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Qb|

Avgv‡K Aegvbbv Kivi GB bZzb ixwZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K mgv‡jvP‡Ki Øviv mv`‡i M„nxZ nj; wb‡R‡`i cyiælvwj AvZ¥AnsKvi Øviv Zviv GZ †ewk mivmwi AbycÖvwYZ wQj †h Avgvi Ae ’v Avgvi Kv‡Q †h KLbI ¸iæfvi wQj bv Zv Zviv KíbvI Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| Ab¨‡`i Dc‡i hv‡`i ’vb w`‡qwQ, †mB cyiæliv KLbI Avgv‡K cyiæ‡li PvB‡Z nxb wKQz fv‡ewb| Avgvi A‡bK cyiæleÜy Av‡Q hv‡`i „wófw½ mxgvbvi gv‡S Avgv‡K e›`x Kivi g‡bvfw½ †_‡K A‡bK ~‡i, gvbyl wn‡m‡e Avgvi wb‡Ri AwaKvi¸‡jv‡K ¯xKvi K‡i| GB ai‡Yi †mŠfvM¨ Avgv‡K me Acgvb I wZ³Zv †_‡K iÿv K‡i; Avgvi cvVKiv Rvb‡eb †h ˆkke wKsev ˆK‡kv‡i Avwg KLbI GB ai‡Yi Abyf~wZ Øviv AvµvšÍ nBwb| [4] wfbœavivi (Subalter) cvVKiv hLb bvix‡`i msMÖv‡g Svuwc‡q covi fvb KiwQj, ZLb Zviv Avgv‡K Misogynist AvL¨v w`‡q Dcmsnvi †U‡bwQj, Avwg Zv‡`i wb›`v K‡iwQjvg; GK_v mwZ¨ bq| Avwg Zv‡`i‡K AvKv‡k Zz‡j ai‡Z cvwibv Ges Zv‡`i Ae ’vi Øviv m„ó me mgm¨vi e¨e‡”Q` Avwg K‡iwQ, wKšÍz Avwg Zv‡`i †gav I fv‡jv ¸Y¸‡jvB †`wL‡qwQjvg| wb‡R‡K m¤§vbxq cyiæl wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kivi gva¨‡g Avwg Zv‡`i‡K cÖZvwiZ Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK †ewk gwnjv‡K c_wb‡ ©k I cÖ‡Yv`bv w`‡qwQjvg; Zv‡`i †`qv Dcnvi Avgv‡K KLbI †Kvb AvNvZI †`qwb| Avm‡j `¨v †m‡KÛ †m· Gi Av‡M Avwg KL‡bv †kø‡lvw³i jÿ¨e Íy wn‡m‡e wPwýZ wQjvg bv; Gi Av‡M gvbyliv nq `qvjy A_ev wfbœiKg wQj| †k‡li w`‡K Avwg cÖvqB bvix wn‡m‡e Avµg‡Yi wkKvi nZvg, KviY Avgvi AvµgYKvixiv g‡b Ki‡Zv GUvB Avgvi cÖavb ye©jZv| wKšÍz Avwg fv‡jv Rvwb †h, GB me A‡hŠw³K ’weiZvi jÿ¨ Avgvi ˆbwZK I mgvR Kw_Z †`vlmg~n| bv; Avgvi bvixZ¡ m¤úwK©Z †fvMvwšÍ †_‡K A‡bK ~‡i; wfbœfv‡e ej‡j ejv hvq wek eQi eqm †_‡KB yB wj‡½i myweav¸‡jv Rvbv wQj; L'Invitee Gi c‡i, Avgvi Pvicv‡ki mewKQz, Avgv‡K GB cyiæ‡li c„w_ex‡Z Zv‡`i mgKÿ, GKRb †jLK wn‡m‡e, Ges gwnjv wn‡m‡e g‡b Kiv ïiæ Kij, GB welqUv Av‡gwiKv‡Z wbw ©ófv‡e jÿ¨ Kiv †M‡Q| GK cvwU©‡Z Avwg wM‡qwQjvg| wMbœxiv mK‡j GKm‡½ wQj Ges Avwg hLb cyiæl‡`i mv‡_ K_v ejwQjvg ZLbI Zviv

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 27

wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨B evK¨vjvc mviwQj| Zviv wb‡Ri wj‡½i m`m¨‡`i cÖwZ hZUv AvšÍwiK wQj, Z‡ZvUv K…ZÁZvmyjf AvPiY Avgvi mv‡_ KiwQj bv| GB ai‡Yi we‡kl AwaKvi‡fvMx Ae ’v‡bi Kvi‡Y Avwg gnvN©iƒ‡c `¨v †m‡KÛ †m· wjL‡Z DrmvwnZ n‡qwQjvg| Avwg cÖkvwšÍi mv‡_ wb‡R‡K †g‡j a‡iwQjvg| Zv‡`i cÖ Ívemg~‡ni we‡ivwaZv Kiv, GUvB wbw ©ófv‡e †mB wbwe©KviZ¡ hv Avgvi cyiæl cvVK‡`i‡K D‡ËwRZ K‡i Zz‡jwQj| hLb Avgvi cÖwZev`, AvcwˇK Zviv ÿgv Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv bv, G‡K Awek¦v‡mi fvb Ki‡Zv ZLb Zviv wb‡R‡`i D”Pvmb †_‡K †b‡g Avmvi mnƒ`qZv Ges Ae ’vbMZ cwieZ©b‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv| wKšÍz cÖKvwkZ nj GK ye©vi †µv‡ai ûsKvi Ges ÿZweÿZ nƒ`‡qi cÖwZev`| cÖ_g wj‡½i J×Z¨‡K Dchy³fv‡e wPwÎZ K‡i‡Q Ggb GKwU kãeÜ Avwg Claude Mauriac Gi †_‡K D`vniYiƒ‡c †be| †m Avgvi weiæ‡× Kx Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Q?Ó- †m Rvb‡Z †P‡qwQj| wKQzB bv; hv Avwg D‡jøL K‡i hvw”Q ïaygvÎ †mB kã¸wj Qvov †KvbwKQzi weiæ‡× Avgvi wKQz †bB| GUv AevK e¨vcvi †h A‡bK cwÐZ eyw×e„wËK kL welqwU‡K wek¦vm K‡ib bv| [5]

Avwg GgbwK K‡qKRb cyiæl eÜyi gv‡SI So Zz‡j w`‡qwQ| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GK AMÖmi GKv‡WwgK, Avgvi eB cov eÜ K‡i w`‡jb Ges iæ‡gi GKcv‡k Qzu‡o †d‡j w`‡jb| Kvgyiv, GKRb †d«Â cyiæl‡K nvm¨¯ú` K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ †Mvgov gy‡L Avgv‡K Awfhy³ K‡iwQj| ¯ú¨vbxq ms¯‹„wZ wb‡q Mwe©Z GK f~ga¨mvMixq A‡ji gvby‡li K_v ewj- wZwb bvix‡K mgvb AwaKvi †`‡eb, hw` Zviv wb‡Ri g‡a¨B GK Ab¨ Kíiv‡R¨ mxgve× _v‡Kb, Ges RR© AiI‡qj †hgb yBR‡bi g‡a¨ AwaK mgZvi K_v ej‡Zb, wZwb Avm‡j †miKg †evSv‡Zb| wZwb nvwmgy‡L GKevi Avgvi Kv‡Q ¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h wZwb wbw ©ó gvcg‡Zv nIqv Ges gwnjv‡`i Øviv wePvh© nIqv cQ›` K‡ib bv; bvixiv nj welq Ges cyiæliv nj „wó Ges m‡PZbZv| †m GUv wb‡q Lye nvmvnvwm KiwQj, wKšÍz cvi¯úwiKZv‡K mg_©b K‡iwb| me‡k‡l nVvr Av‡eMcÖeY n‡q †m ejj- ïay GKwU hyw³‡K †Zvgvi ¸iæZ¡ †`qv DwPZ; cyiæl wb‡R gwnjv‡`i g‡a¨ mwZ¨Kv‡ii mvnPh© Lyu‡R cvIqvi Afv‡e fyM‡Q| mgZvi Rb¨ Zvi D”PvKv•ÿv Av‡Q| †m wb‡iU hyw³web¨v‡mi PvB‡Z nƒ`q w`‡q AvZ©bv` Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj Ges AviI hv Av‡Q Zv nj cyiæ‡li Rb¨ Kvbœv| Avwg bvix‡`i KvgkxZjZv wb‡q †h we ÍvwiZ weeiY w`‡qwQ, Zv‡K †ewkifvM cyiæl e¨w³MZ we ªƒc e‡j MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Zviv (cyiæliv) KíbvI Ki‡Z Pvq †h, hLb Lywk †h KvD‡K Zviv Z…ß Ki‡Z cv‡i; GB ai‡Yi mvg_© ‡K m‡›`n Kiv Zv‡`i‡K bcysmKi‡Yi gZ|

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 28

†h AwaKvi‡K †ivg ¯vfvweK wn‡m‡e Kv‡jv ZvwjKvfy³ K‡i‡Q, ïay Zvi Rb¨ Avgvi eB‡K N„Yv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Pig evgcš’xiv G‡K fv‡jvfv‡e MÖnY Ki‡e e‡j Avwg Avkv K‡iwQjvg| KwgDwb÷‡`i mv‡_ Avgv‡`i m¤úK© Lviv‡ci w`‡K †h‡Z cv‡i bv; mevB mgvb; Avgvi M‡elYv gvw·©q gZev`‡K GZ †ewk enb K‡i Ges Zv‡K GK we‡kl mg_©bm~PK Av‡jv‡Z Av‡jvwKZ K‡i‡Q †h, Avwg mvgvb¨ wKQz cÿcvZnxbZv Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Avkv K‡iwQjvg| `¨v †m‡KÛ †m· eBwU Billancourt Gi KviLvbvKg©x †g‡q‡`i‡K nq‡Zv nvmv‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Les Lettres francaises cwÎKvq Marie-Louise Barron- wbw ©ó K‡i D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| GUv Billancourt Gi KviLvbvi bvix kÖwgK‡`i‡K Lv‡Uv †Pv‡L †`Lvi mvwgj e‡j Colette Audry GK mgv‡jvPbvi cybwe©‡ePbv‡Z gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb| AgvwR©Z, ’~j, Av‡e‡M „pfv‡e Avwj½bve× GK gwnjvi Qwe ¯úófv‡e wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q Ggb GK †ebvgv wbgœiæwPi cÖe‡Üi mv‡_ GB gwnjv mwµqfv‡e hy³ wQ‡jb|

A÷vwjbxq gv·©ev`xiv eo‡Rvi GKUz †ewk ¯w Í vqK| Avwg Ecole Emancipee -‡Z †`qv GKwU e³„Zvq e‡jwQjvg †h hLb wecøe G‡Kev‡i m¤úbœ n‡e, ZLb bvix‡`i mgm¨v Avi _vK‡e bv| `viæY, Avwg ZvB e‡jwQjvg; wKšÍz Gici? GLb GUv cwi®‹vi †h, Zv‡`i Rb¨ Avgvi Avi †Kvb AvMÖn Aewkó †bB|

Avgvi eB‡qi Av‡jvP¨ welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Avgvi cÖwZcÿ AmsL¨ fyj e¨vL¨v ˆZwi Ges jvjb K‡i‡Q| me¸‡jvi g‡a¨ gvZ…Z¡ bvgK P¨vÞviwUi Rb¨ Avwg †ewk Avµg‡Yi gy‡LvgywL n‡qwQ| mšÍvb Rb¥ †`Bwb e‡j bvix wel‡q †Kvb Av‡jvPbv Kivi AwaKvi †bB e‡j †ewkifvM cyiæl †NvlYv K‡i‡Q; Ges Zviv? [6] ZezI Zviv Avgvi weiæ‡× wfbœ aviYv cÖKvk K‡i hvw”Qj| Ggb ejv nw”Qj †h Avwg gvZ…‡Z¡i mnRvZ cÖe„wË fv‡jvevmvi cÖwZ †KvbiKg g~j¨‡eva gvb‡Z A¯xKvi K‡iwQ| welqUv GiKg bq| †h‡nZz †g‡qiv wb‡R‡K ÿgv I KiæYvcÖv_©x wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i †m‡nZz Avwg Zv‡`i‡K ïay wb‡R‡K ¯vaxbfv‡e Ges mwZ¨ K‡i Abyfe Ki‡Z e‡jwQ; hLb Av‡eM¸‡jv nƒ`‡qi g‡a¨ ïwK‡q hvq ZLb †hb wb‡R‡K cÖvß AvkÖ‡q e›`x g‡b bv K‡i| wbwe©Pvi †hŠbZvi cÖPviK wn‡m‡e Avgv‡K Awfhy³ Kiv nq; wKšÍz †Kvb c‡q‡›U KL‡bv Avwg KvD‡K wK †h Kv‡iv mv‡_ †h †Kvb mgq weQvbvq hvevi Dc‡`k w`‡qwQ? GB wel‡q Avgvi gZvgZ nj †h cQ›`, Av ’v Ges cÖZ¨vL¨vb mewKQz n‡Z n‡e cÖwZôvb, msMVb Ges AvZ¥‡MŠie cÖeYZv BZ¨vw`i cÖfve †_‡K gy³ †_‡K| Gi KviY hw` AvPi‡Yi mv‡_ mgvšÍivj bv _v‡K Zvn‡j cwi‡k‡l _vK‡e wg_¨v, weK…wZ Ges c½yZ¡| Mf©cv‡Zi mgm¨v wb‡q GKwU P¨vÞvi Avwg wj‡LwQ; mv‡Î© welqwU wb‡q The Age of Reason wbe‡Ü Gi g‡a¨ wj‡L †d‡j‡Q

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 29

Ges Avwg wb‡R The Blood and Others G wj‡LwQ| Les Temps Modernes Gi Awdm †m‡µUvwi gv`vg mvi‡eUm Gi Kv‡Q †jvKRb cÖvqB wVKvbvi Rb¨ Qz‡U Avm‡Zv| †m GZ †ewk wei³ n‡q wM‡qwQj †h GKw`b wb‡RB GKUv †cv÷v‡ii wWRvBb K‡i †djj:ÒAvgiv GUv cÖv½‡YB Kwi, ïay wb‡R‡`iÓ

GKw`b mKv‡j Avwg NygšÍ wQjvg, GB mgq GK ZiæY `iRvq bK Kiv ïiæ Kij| †m D‡ËwRZfv‡e ejwQj- Avgvi ¿x Mf©eZx, Avgv‡K GKwU wVKvbv w`b, Zv‡K ejjvg †h- Avwg †Kvb wVKvbv Rvwbbv| †KD KvD‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i bv- e‡j Avgv‡K eKv w`‡Z w`‡Z †m P‡j †Mj| Avwg †Kvb wVKvbv RvbZvg bv| Avgvi eo‡Rvi Rb¥MZfv‡e AvZ¥wbqš¿Ynxb AvMšÍy‡Ki mvg‡b AvZ¥wek¦vmx _vKvi g‡Zv webqx nIqv DwPZ| GB mgvR gwnjv I `¤úwZ‡`i‡K †MvcbxqZvi Avov‡j †V‡j w`‡”Q| hw` Avwg Zv‡`i‡K †Kvbfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvwi, Zvn‡j Zv Ki‡Z Avwg we› ygvÎ wØav‡eva Ki‡evbv| wKšÍz wb‡R‡K †ckv`vi ~wZqvwj wn‡m‡e g‡b K‡i Avwg †Kvb ¯w Í cvBwb| wKQz cyiæl †hgb: Francis Jeanson, Nadeau, Mounier cÖgyL `¨v †m‡KÛ †m· Gi c‡ÿ `vuwo‡qwQ‡jb| GUv RbM‡Yi gZvšÍi I e³„ZvevRx‡K Dm‡K w`‡qwQj| fyjcvV Ges fyj‡evSv y‡UvB gvby‡li g‡bi g‡a¨ mgm¨v m„wó K‡i| hLb mewKQz ejv Ges Kiv n‡q hv‡e, ZLb Avwg hv wKQz wj‡LwQ Zvi g‡a¨ GB eBwU Avgv‡K A‡kl Z…wß †`‡e| hw` Avgv‡K wRÁvmv Kiv nq, AvR‡K Avcwb GUv wb‡q wK fve‡Qb, Zvn‡j DËi w`‡Z Avgvi wØav‡eva n‡e bv; Avgvi mewKQz Gi Rb¨|

In Avwg ¯xKvi Kwi, †h †KD iPbv‰kjx I mvRv‡bvi aiY wb‡q mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avwg wcwQ‡q wM‡q bZzb K‡i AviI cwigvR©bv Ki‡Z cviZvg| wKšÍz G mg‡q Avwg Avgvi †h AvBwWqv¸‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iwQ †m¸‡jv D™¢veb KiwQjvg, GUvB Avwg fvj Ki‡Z cviZvg| GLb g‡b nq cÖ_g L‡Ð _vKv Dcv`v‡bi Rb¨ GLb Avgvi AviI †ewk e Íyev`x Ae ’vb MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| bvixaviYvi ¯vZš¿ Ges gwYev`x weZK©‡K (Manichaean argument)- hv ïay GKwU Av`k©ev`x Ges ag©‡bZv cÖfvweZ m‡PZbZvi Rb¨ Pvwc‡q †`qv jovB Zv bq, Pvwn`v Ges †hvMv‡bi mv‡_I m¤úwK©Z- Avgvi wfwË wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| hLb Avwg cÖvPxb Px‡b †g‡q‡`i Ae`gb wel‡q The Long March cwÎKvq wjLwQjvg ZLb GKB mgm¨v‡K GB c×wZ‡Z cÖwZ‡iva K‡iwQjvg| Avgvi hyw³web¨v‡mi Dbœq‡b GB ms‡kvab Z‡ZvUv cÖ‡qvRbxq n‡e bv| mvgwMÖKfv‡e Avwg hv e‡jwQ, Zvi ¯c‡ÿ GLbI Avwg AvwQ| bvix‡`i Ae ’v cwieZ©‡bi †Kvb AwZKíbv Avwg †Mvc‡b jvjb

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 30

Kwi bv| GUv fwel¨‡Zi c„w_ex‡Z kÖ‡gi Dci wbf©i Ki‡e| ïaygvÎ wecyj Drcv`‡bi g~‡j¨i Dci wbf©i K‡i Gi we‡kl cwieZ©b NU‡e| GRb¨ bvixev` Gi dvu‡` c‡o hvIqvUv Avwg Gwo‡q Pwj| †hgb eY©bv K‡iwQ †Zgb †Kvb wbw ©ó mgm¨vi ZvrÿwYK mgvavb Avwg cÖ Íve Kwibv| wKšÍz Avwg AšÍZ Avgvi mgq Ges cÖR‡b¥i bvix‡`i‡K Zv‡`i AvZ¥‡eva Ges wb‡Ri mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ| Aek¨B G‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡K Avgvi eB‡qi e³e¨‡K †g‡b †bbwb| Avwg Zv‡`i‡K wei³ K‡iwQ A_ev we‡ivaxZv K‡iwQ A_ev Zv‡`i ˆah©P¨zwZ NwU‡qwQ A_ev Zv‡`i‡K AvZswKZ K‡iwQ| wKšÍz AviI A‡b‡K Av‡Qb hviv Avgvi †mev †c‡q‡Qb| we‡kl K‡i †h wPwV¸‡jv ev‡iv ermi c‡iI GLb ch©šÍ †c‡q AvmwQ †m¸‡jvi AmsL¨ Awfb›`b †_‡K Avwg GB wel‡q †R‡bwQ| †h iƒcK_v Zv‡`i‡K wQbœwfbœ K‡i, wb‡R‡`i †h cÖwZwPÎ wb‡Ri g‡b N„Yvi mÂvi K‡i Zvi weiæ‡× jovB‡q GB gwnjviv Avgvi KvR‡K mnvqK wn‡m‡e †c‡q‡Q| Zviv eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q †h, mgm¨v¸‡jv ïaygvÎ Zv‡`i GKK Acgvb bq GB Ae ’v mvaviYfv‡e mevi| GB Avwe®‹vi AvZ¥-AeÁvi fyj‡K cwinvi Ki‡Z Zv‡`i mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q Ges G‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡K cwiw ’wZi weiæ‡× jovB Kievi kw³ eBwU‡Z Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Qb| AvZ¥Ávb myLvbyf~wZi wbðqZv †`qbv, wKšÍz GUv myLvbyf~wZi c‡ÿ _v‡K Ges Gi Rb¨ jovB Kivi †cÖiYv †hvMvq| g‡bvweÁvbxiv Avgv‡K e‡j‡Qb †h Zviv Zv‡`i bvix †ivMx‡`i‡K `¨v †m‡KÛ †m· eBUv covi Rb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| ïay eyw×Rxex bvix‡`i‡K bq, wbgœ ga¨weË †kÖYxi bvix, Awdm Kg©x, KviLvbv kÖwgK mevB‡K GKB civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| †Zvgvi eB Avgv‡K weivU mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q, †Zvgvi eB Avgv‡K evuwP‡q‡Q GB ai‡Yi evK¨ Avwg Rxe‡bi mKj ͇ii mKj eq‡mi bvix‡`i †jLv wPwV‡Z †c‡qwQ|

hw` Avgvi eB gwnjv‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K, Zvn‡j Gi KviY nj GUv Zv‡`i‡K D‡b¥vwPZ K‡i‡Q| Zviv Zv‡`i cÿ †_‡K eBwU‡K Gi ¯xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i‡K ab¨ev`, yb©vg Ges mZK©Zvi welq GUv Avi bq| MZ `k eQ‡i cyiæl‡`i ˆZwi DcK_v †f‡O c‡o‡Q| A‡bK bvix †jLK Avgv‡K †cwi‡q GZ ~i P‡j †M‡Q hv Avgvi mvn‡m Kzjvqwb| Avgvi g‡Z Zv‡`i A‡b‡K †hŠbZv‡K Zv‡`i cÖavb welq wn‡m‡e wb‡q‡Q; wKšÍz †kl ch©šÍ hLb GB wel‡q wj‡L‡Q, ZLb Zviv wb‡R‡`i‡K „wógvb, Av‡jvP¨, m‡PZb Ges gy³ wn‡m‡e Dc ’vcb K‡i‡Q|

Avwg wew¯§Z Ges GgbwK wei³ n‡Z cviZvg, hLb 30 ermi eq‡m †Kvb GKRb Avgv‡K e‡jwQj †h Avgvi †g‡qwj mgm¨v¸‡jv wb‡q wPšÍv Kiv DwPZ Ges Avgvi cÖKvk¨ cwiwPwZ _vKv DwPZ bvix cÖm‡½B| Ggb nevi Kvi‡Y Avwg AbyZß ne bv|

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 31

c„w_ex‡Z †g‡qiv wef³, RR©wiZ; d‡j Zviv AbMÖmiZvi Rv‡j ew›`| †g‡q‡`i‡K AviI A‡bK weRq wRZ‡Z n‡e, AviI A‡bK cyi¯‹vi AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e, cyiæl‡`i hZ Av‡Q, Zvi †P‡qI †ewk civRq †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e| Avgvi G‡Z AvMÖn Av‡Q Ges Gi ga¨ w`‡q c„w_exRy‡o mxwgZ wKšÍz ev Íe cÖfve †d‡j Avwg mve©RbxbZvq DËxY© n‡Z PvB|

dzU‡bvU:1| GUv 1946 Gi A‡K&Uve‡i ïiæ n‡q †kl n‡qwQj 1949 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m| wKšÍz Avwg 1947 G Av‡gwiKv‡Z Pvi gvm KvwU‡qwQjvg, Avi ÔAmerica Day by Day Õ eBwU Avgv‡K AviI Qq gvm e¨¯Í †i‡LwQj|2| Av‡gwiKvb cyiæl‡`i g‡a¨ bvix‡`i cÖwZ GK N„Yv wQj| wKšÍz GgbwK mePvB‡Z welv³ †jLv †hgb Philip Wylie Gi A Generation of Vipers, AkøxjZvi gvÎvq bv‡gwb; Zv‡`i `„wófw½ bvixi †hŠbZv‡K Lv‡Uv K‡i †`Lvi g‡Zv bq|3| hLb Christiane Rochefort Gi Warrior's Rest `k ermi ev‡` cÖKvwkZ nj, ZLb Kg ¯‹¨vÛvj Qwo‡qwQj, wKšÍz †mB cyi‡bv Mvb: †m (She) GKRb KzrwmZ Ges nZvkvMÖ Í bvix MvIqvi Rb¨ A‡bK cyiælvwj wb›`v cÖ ÍyZ wQj|4| Avwg wewfbœiKg †bvsiv Amf¨ †µva, Zvw”Qj¨ Ges Ab¨ hZ wb›`vg~jK Av‡e‡Mi gy‡LvgywL n‡qwQjvg| Zviv NUbvi cwi‡cÖwÿZ w`‡q cÖvqB wePvi KiZ Ges †KD †KD we‡klfv‡e g‡b Ki‡Zv †h †mBme NUbvi AwfÁZv bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y Avwg wKQz wKQz wRwbm cvBwb| Avgv‡K Zviv †hfv‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Q Zv Avwg cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kwi KviY Avgvi cÖZ¨vkv `¨v †m‡KÛ †m· †jLvi mg‡q Avwg †h DÏxcbv †eva K‡iwQ wVK †mfv‡e Zv Abyaveb Kiv †nvK|5| GKRb Wvbcš’x wjd‡jU wewjKviK Dcb¨vwmK Les Temps Modernes cwÎKvq Bost Gi Øviv myÿ¥ Avµg‡Yi wkKvi n‡qwQ‡jb| wKšÍz GZ N„Yv †Kb? - GUv‡K LyeB AvNvZRbK wn‡m‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡qwQj| A_P wZwb Avgv‡K †P‡bbI bv|6| Zviv evB‡i †Mj Ges gv‡q‡`i‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡Z jvMj; wKšÍz Avwg GUvI K‡iwQjvg|

[Aw¯ÍZ¡ev`x `vk©wbK, bvixev`x Zvw˦K, weL¨vZ †jLK mxgb `¨v ey‡fvqvi Gi AvZ¥Rxebx 'Force of Circumstance' cÖKvwkZ nq 1963 mv‡j| Bswj‡k Abyev` K‡ib wiPvW© nvIqvW©, cÖKvk K‡i †c½yBb cÖKvkbx 1968 mv‡j| evsjvq fvlvšÍwiZ AskwU GB eB‡qi Z…Zxq L‡Ði AšÍf©y³| ‡m‡KÛ †mK&m cÖKvkKv‡j (On the publication of The Second Sex )Ó bv‡g GB AskwU cÖKvwkZ nq : http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/de-beauvoir/1963/interview.htm GB I‡qewjs‡K|]

†jLK: ms¯‹…wZ Kg©x|

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 32

wecbœ KvKZvoyqv Ges Avgv‡`i Aw ÍZ¡Gm Gg P›`b

evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgv‡ji wKQz AwZ cwiwPZ welq wQj, †h¸‡jv GLb G‡Kev‡iB nvwi‡q hvIqvi c‡_| Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU nj KvKZvoyqv| dm‡ji †ÿ‡Z cvwLi AvµgY †VKv‡Z K…lKiv GB Awfbe c×wZi AbymiY Ki‡Zb| GKwU nvuwo‡Z †PvL-gyL Gu‡K, evuk ev KvV w`‡q GKwU KvVv‡gv ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡K Rvgv-Kvco cwi‡q fqsKi †Pnviv w`‡q †ÿ‡Zi gvSLv‡b `vuo Kwi‡q ivLv nZ| cvwL †Zv e‡UB, iv‡Zi †ejv KL‡bv KL‡bv gvbylI AvuZ‡K DVZ GB fqvj`k©b wbixn cyZzjwU †`‡L|

GB cÖvYnxb cÖvYxwU GLb we¯§„wZiI Zjvwb‡Z wM‡q †V‡K‡Q| hLb †ckvi cÖ‡qvR‡b A_ev K…lK mwgwZi Kv‡R MÖv‡g MÖv‡g Nywi, KL‡bv †Kvb dmj †ÿ‡ZB KvKZvoyqvi †Kvb wPý †`wLbv| Gi KviY nj, GLb Avi cvwLiv †ÿ‡Z †mfv‡e nvgjv Pvjv‡Z Av‡mbv| wKšÍz ZviB ev KviY Kx? cvwLiv wK mevB f ª n‡q †M‡Q? bvwK Zviv K…lKevÜe cvwL‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q? Avmj KviY nj, eZ©gv‡b dm‡ji †ÿ‡Z Ggb cwigv‡Y gvivZ¥K me KxUbvkK e¨envi Kiv nq †h, cvwLKzj wb‡RivB wb‡R‡`i IB wel †_‡K wbivc` ~i‡Z¡ iv‡L| Aejv, AeyS, AwkwÿZ cvwLivI wb‡Ri fv‡jv †ev‡S, eywSbv Avkivdzj gLjyKvZiv|

KxUbvk‡Ki e¨enviUv wbQK K…lK ev K…wli DcKv‡ii Rb¨ bq| Gi g~j KviYUv cy‡ivcywi evwYwR¨K| eûRvwZK Ges †`wkq K…wl DcKiY wecYbKvix cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi e¨emvi ¯v‡_©B K…l‡Ki mv‡_ cwiPq Kwi‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q Gme bvbv ai‡bi bv‡gi ¸‡Yi me KxUbvkK| GKUv mg‡q †Mvei Ges ˆLjB me‡P‡q DcKvix mvi wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡jI eZ©gv‡b ivmvqwbK mvi Qvov Pvwliv Ab¨ wKQz e¨envi Ki‡Z Pvb bv| Avwg GKevi cÂM‡oi GK K…lK‡K †`‡LwQjvg †h, evRv‡i mvi bv †c‡q wZwb Zvui †ÿ‡Z †Mvei wQwU‡q‡Qb| cÖK…wZi jv½j †Ku‡Pv‡`iI GLb †`Lv hvq Kg| Avevi nvBweªW Rv‡Zi wewfbœ exR Avi mviv eQi weivgnxbfv‡e bvbv ai‡bi dm‡ji Avev‡` wekÖvgnxb †mev w`‡Z w`‡Z gvwUI n‡q c‡o‡Q K¬všÍ| GLb MÖv‡gi Lye Kg evwo‡ZB nv‡ji ej` Ges Mvfxi †`Lv †g‡j| cvIqvi wUjvi Avi k¨v‡jv †gwk‡bi weKU k‡ã fvi n‡q _v‡K MÖv‡gi cwi‡ek| wW‡Rj Avi we y¨‡Zi Pov `v‡gI n‡b¨ n‡q Zvi †cQ‡bB † uŠov‡Z nq Pvwl‡`i| †c‡Uªvwjqvg Drcv`K, Uªv±i-cvIqvi wUjvi cÖ ÍyZKvix †`k¸‡jvi Pj‡Q igigv evwYR¨| ivmvqwbK mvi, KxUbvkK BZ¨vw`i e¨envi †e‡o hvIqvq G¸‡jv ˆZwi I wewµi †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jviI n‡q‡Q †cvqvev‡iv| GKw`‡K Pj‡Q GK‡PwUqv e¨emv, Av‡iK w`‡K miKvwi `‡ji

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 33

wWjviwk‡ci evwYR¨| Uªv±i, k¨v‡jv †gwkb BZ¨vw` Avg`vwb K‡i evRviRvZ Kivi `vwqZ¡ cvb AvIqvgx jxM, weGbwc, RvZxq cvwU© Ges Rvgvqv‡Zi †bZvivB| 1995 mv‡j ZrKvjxb weGbwc miKv‡ii Avg‡j mvi msKU m„wó K‡i mv‡ii `vwe‡Z Av‡›`vjbiZ 18 Rb K…lK‡K nZ¨vi NUbv GB wbj©¾ cyuwRev`x aviYviB R¡jšÍ mvÿ¨ †`q|

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cwiYwZ‡Z †hUv nj, †mUv n‡”Q, e¨vO K‡g hvIqvq ÿwZKi †cvKv-gvK‡oi msL¨v †e‡o †M‡jv| mvaviYZt dm‡ji †ÿ‡Z e¨vO wewfbœ ÿwZKi †cvKv a‡i †L‡q †d‡j, hv Av`‡Z K…l‡Ki Rb¨ Kv‡R jv‡M| GLb, †h‡nZz e¨vO †bB, ZvB †cvKv-gvKo †VKv‡bvi Rb¨ KxUbvk‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb n‡q co‡jv| Gev‡i †mB †`k¸‡jvB KxUbvk‡Ki ZË¡ Avgv‡`i †`‡k ißvwb Kij, hviv K‡qK w`b Av‡M Avgv‡`i †`‡ki e¨vO Avg`vwb K‡i‡Q| hZ UvKv Avgiv Avq K‡iwQ e¨vO wewµ K‡i, Zvi †P‡q K‡qK ¸Y †ewk UvKv cÖwZ eQi †X‡j hvw”Q †cvKv gvivi wel wKb‡Z| ïay ZvB bq, GLb Avgv‡`i mbvZb avivi K…wlI aŸs‡mi gy‡L| mvgªvR¨ev`x ms ’v¸‡jvi Ave`vi Abyhvqx wewfbœ g‡W‡ji Pzw³ n‡j nvBweªW Rv‡Zi exR †hfv‡e Avgv‡`i evRvi mqjve K‡i †dj‡e, Zv‡Z †`wk Rv‡Zi †Kvb exR Avi wb‡Ri Aw ÍZ¡B a‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡ebv| evsjv‡`‡ki K…lK †h avb, Avjy, Mg Avev` K‡ib, Zvi GKwU Ask wewµ K‡ib, GKwU Ask cwiev‡ii LvIqvi Rb¨ iv‡Lb, Avi Av‡iKwU Ask †i‡L †`b c‡ii eQi exR wn‡m‡e Avev` Kivi Rb¨| fwel¨‡Z bvbv ai‡bi Gme Pzw³ Kvh©Ki n‡j Avi Gfv‡e mbvZb cÖwµqvq exR msiÿY Kiv m¤¢e n‡ebv| cÖwZ eQi K…lK‡K exR wK‡b Avev` Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z GKw`‡K †hgb k‡m¨I ˆewPΨgqZv m„wói c_ iæ× n‡q hv‡e, †Zgwbfv‡e K…lK cÖwZ eQi bZzb exR †Kbvi e¨qeûj Pµcv‡K co‡eb| Avi Gfv‡e GK‡PwUqv e¨emv K‡i hv‡e AvšÍR©vwZK I †`wkq wKQz cÖwZôvb| Gi bvgB mvgªvR¨ev`x AvMÖvmb, GK‡PwUqv cyuwR|

†jLvi ïiæUv K‡iwQjvg KvKZvoyqvi cÖm½ †U‡b| KvKZvoyqv evsjvi MÖvgxY ms¯‹„wZi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Abyl½ n‡jI mvgªvR¨ev`-cyuwRev‡`i _vevq wejxb nIqvi c‡_|

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 34

Gi cvkvcvwk GLb Avgv‡`i Rxeb-ms¯‹„wZ-gbb-‡PZbvi mewKQzB GB jy‡Uiv †Mvôxi Ke‡j c‡o ax‡i ax‡i wbR †Pnviv nvwi‡q bZzb GKwU D™¢U †Pnviv wb‡”Q| ˆekvLx Drme‡K Avgiv Avgv‡`i cÖv‡Yi Drme e‡j `vwe Kwi, Zvn‡j cÖkœUv ¯vfvweKfv‡eB D‡V Av‡m †h, †mB cÖv‡Yi Drme Ki‡Z we‡`wk †gvevBj †dvb Acv‡iUi cÖwZôv‡bi Avw_©K mnvqZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq †Kb? cÖv‡Yi Drme wK cÖv‡Yi D”Q¡vm w`‡qB cvjb Kiv DwPZ bv? Avgv‡`i ˆkwÿK-‰kwíK-‡eŠw×K †PZbvi Íi wK wbR©xe n‡q co‡Q? GLb †Kvb †Kvb Abyôv‡b †`wL, ÔAvmyb, Avgiv gRv KwiÕ e‡j †NvlYv †`qvi ci mK‡j gRv (?) Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡ib| gRvUvI GLb †NvlYvwbf©i| Avwg Avw`evmx‡`i MÖv‡g wM‡q wew¯§Z n‡q †`‡LwQ, Avw`evmx †Q‡j‡g‡qiv Zv‡`i fvlvq Zv‡`i mgm¨v wb‡q Mvb wj‡L XvKvi RbwcÖq †Kvb e¨v‡Ûi Mv‡bi my‡i †mB Mvb mvRv‡”Q| Avw`evmx Mv‡bi wPivPwiZ my‡ii avivwU †mLv‡b G‡Kev‡iB Abycw ’Z| bevbœ Drme wKsev emšÍ ev el©ei‡Yi Drme-Av‡qvRb-Avb›` GLb bMi Rxe‡b cÖmvwiZ n‡q‡Q, hv wbtm‡›`‡n BwZevPK| wKšÍz gykwKj nj, GB Av‡qvRbUv bMi‡Kw› ªK Rxe‡b GKUz mgq KvUv‡bvi w`‡K avweZ nq gv‡S gv‡SB| hviv Gi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Qb, hviv mvov w`‡”Qb- Zvuiv AvšÍwiKfv‡eB Ki‡Qb, wKšÍz me©MÖvmx myweavev` Avgv‡`i mgMÖ Rxeb Avi †PZbv‡K Ggbfv‡e wN‡i †i‡L‡Q †h, GLb Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q meUvB mgq KvUv‡bv, A_ev nvj-d¨vk‡b cwiYZ n‡”Q| bevbœ Drm‡ei Av‡qvR‡b Mvb-bvUK-bvP-KweZv _vK‡Q, wKšÍz K…lK av‡bi b¨vh¨g~j¨ bv †c‡q †h ax‡i ax‡i †giæ`Ð nviv‡”Qb, †m cÖm‡½ G Drme bxie _vK‡Q| GLb cvšÍv LvIqv nq Bwjk fvRvi mv‡_, †h Bwjk gv‡Qi `vg ˆekvL Dcj‡ÿ nq K‡qK nvRvi UvKv| Mv‡g©›Um kÖwg‡Ki d«vB nIqv jv‡ki cv‡k `vuwo‡q 12 nvRvi UvKvi Bwjk d«vB K‡i LvIqv ïay AgvbweKB bq, a„óZvI e‡U| evsjv el©eiY‡K wN‡i Bwjk e¨emvqx wmwÛ‡K‡Ui e¨emvI RgRgvU, ewÂZ ïay cÙv b`xi gvwS| GB gvQ a‡i Avb‡Z wM‡q K‡qK gvm Av‡M e‡½vcmvM‡i †h 20 R‡bi †ewk †R‡j b„ksm nZ¨vKv‡Ði wkKvi n‡jb, Zvi Lei †K iv‡L ˆekv‡Li D”Q¡v‡m? PvBwbR †i‡ Ívivui Av‡jv-Avuavwigq †ivgvw›UK cwi‡e‡k wPswo gvQ LvIqvi dvu‡K dvu‡K †cÖwgK-‡cÖwgKvi Av‡eM-fv‡jvevmvi gv‡S nZfvM¨ IB †R‡j cwiev‡ii Afy³ mšÍvb‡`i K_v nq‡Zv Av‡mbv GKeviI| †KD Rv‡bIbv, fv‡eIbv †h GB wPswo Av‡m `wÿ‡Yi †h †Ni †_‡K, †mB †N‡i KZ K…l‡Ki †Pv‡Li cvwb Avi ey‡Ki i³ wg‡k Av‡Q|

MÖv‡gi Mwie gvbyl¸‡jv cvšÍv †L‡Zb Kx Kvi‡Y? KviY evievi ivbœv Kivi gZ R¡vjvbx Zv‡`i _vK‡Zv bv| mKv‡j fv‡Zi mv‡_ wN, wWg fvRv LvIqvi mva¨ Zv‡`i n‡Zvbv| ZvB gwiP-‡cuqvR w`‡q gvwL‡q cvšÍv fvZ †L‡q Kv‡R †ei nIqvB wQj

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 35

Zvu‡`i Kv‡Q A‡bK mnR e¨vcvi| GLb GB cvšÍv eQ‡ii GKUv w`‡b NUv K‡i Bwjk gvQ mn‡hv‡M LvIqvUv Mwie gvby‡li cÖwZ GK ai‡bi DcnvmI e‡U| Avgv‡`i †`‡k dv÷ dzW bvgK GKwU DrcvZ G‡m Ry‡U‡Q, c„w_exi bvbvb †`‡ki Lvevi wewµi †`vKvb n‡q‡Q, n‡iK wKwm‡gi wgwó, kieZ, my¨c BZ¨vw` meB wewµ Kivi D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡q‡Q, wKšÍz AvR ch©šÍ ivRavbx ev †`‡ki †Kv_vI 3 †ejv cvšÍv cvIqv hvq- Ggb †Kvb †`vKvb Avgvi †Pv‡L c‡owb| KL‡bv wK †Kvb `vIqv‡Z wM‡q †`‡L‡Qb †h †mLv‡b AwZw_‡`i Avc¨vqb Kiv n‡”Q cvšÍv fvZ, †cuqvR Avi KvuPv gwiP w`‡q? †mB A”Qyr-Acvs‡³q cvšÍv fvZ eQ‡ii IB GKUv w`‡bB GZB LvwZi cvq †h cv‡R‡iv-cÖv‡Wv Mvwo‡Z P‡oI †KD †KD ˆekvLx †gjvq Av‡mb GB cuPv LveviwU MjvatKiY Ki‡Z| †h †`‡k GKUz fvZ Avi GKUz fZ©vi †hvMvb w`‡Z cievmx n‡q ciev‡mB Rxeb nviv‡Z nq, mxgvbvi KvuUvZv‡i ¸wjwe× n‡q NÈvi ci NÈv Sz‡j _vK‡Z nq †djvbx‡`i, †m †`‡k Bwjk-cvšÍvi be¨ ms¯‹„wZ GKwU wbg©g iwmKZv Qvov Avi wKQzB bq|

Zvi gv‡b wK Avgiv cvšÍv Lv‡ev bv? ˆekv‡L bvP‡ev bv, MvB‡ev bv? el©vi cÖ_g e„wó‡Z kixi †fRv‡ev bv? bev‡bœi D”Q¦v‡m gvZ‡ev bv? Kzqvkv Siv †fv‡i †LRyi im cvb Ki‡ev bv? em‡šÍi cqjv w`‡b aywZ, kvwo cvi‡ev bv? Aek¨B ci‡ev, Ges Aek¨B Aek¨B ci‡ev| KviY IUvB Avgvi Rxeb, Avgvi ms¯‹„wZ, Avgvi †PZbv, Avgvi Aw ÍZ¡| cqjv ˆekv‡L cvšÍv †L‡Z †`vl †bB, wKšÍz ïay GKUv w`‡bB †Kb? nvRvi UvKvi Bwjk w`‡q †Kb? evsjvi MÖvgxY Rbc‡`i bvixiv KZ c‡`i fZ©v ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †m Lei Avgiv ivwL wK? Avjy, KPz, KvuPv Kjv, cU‡ji †Lvmv, ev`vg, U‡g‡Uv, gwiP, †cvov †e¸b, awbqv cvZv, †cu‡c, IjKwc- AviI KZ ai‡bi fZ©v Zvuiv ˆZwi K‡ib| bevbœ Drm‡ei mgq w`bvRcy‡i GK K…l‡Ki evwo †M‡j wZwb Avgv‡`i Avc¨vwqZ K‡iwQ‡jb bZzb av‡bi gywo, gywoi †gvqv, gyowK BZ¨vw` w`‡q| Wv‡ei cvwb GZ, GZ wgwó, †mUvi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i bRi †bB| wÎk UvKv w`‡q GKwU Wve †Kbvi †P‡q 60 UvKv w`‡q †evZjRvZ †Kvgj cvbxq cvb Kivi w`‡K Avgv‡`i AvMÖn †ewk| †QvU‡ejvq †`LZvg, ~‡i †Kv_vI †M‡j gv evwo †_‡K †ei nIqvi mgq †evZ‡j cvwb f‡i wb‡Zb, GLb Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q GwU Avj‡mwg, KviY 15 UvKv LiP Ki‡jB †`vKvb †_‡K †evZ‡ji cvwb cvIqv hvq, †h cvwb‡Z gv‡S gv‡S k¨vIjv cvIqvi Awf‡hvMI I‡V| Avgiv Avgv‡`i GB cyi‡bv aviv¸‡jv‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i bMi‡Kw› ªK I cyuwRZvwš¿K ms¯‹„wZi PP©v ïiæ K‡iwQ| ZvB GLb beel© Dcj‡ÿ †Zv e‡UB, 21 †deªæqvwi Dcj‡ÿI d¨vkb †kv Av‡qvRb Kivi gZ a„óZv †`Lvq †Kvb †Kvb d¨vkb nvDR| Zey iÿv †h, g„Z gvby‡li Kvd‡bi Kvco ev Kwd‡bi wWRvBb wb‡q GLbI d¨vkb †kv ev weÁvcb ïiæ nqwb|

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 36

KL‡bvB GUv ewj bv †h, cyi‡bv‡K AvuK‡o ai‡Z n‡e †Kvb fv‡jv-g‡›`i evQ-wePvi bv K‡iB| GLb gvÎ 1 UvKv w`‡j wgwb c¨vK k¨v¤úy cvIqv hvq| MÖv‡gi bvixiv Avi Av‡Mi gZ ˆLj ev Gu‡Uj gvwU w`‡q Pzj N‡l cwi®‹vi K‡ib bv| cyuwRev` GLb AwZ m Ívq †fvMev`x‡K cÖmvwiZ K‡i‡Q MÖv‡gi wKsev kn‡ii me‡P‡q `wi ª gvbylwUi cY© KzwU‡iI| XvKv ev Ab¨vb¨ kni-bM‡ii ew ͇Z Ny‡i †`‡LwQ, GK K‡ÿi msmv‡iI iwOb wUwf Ges wd«R †kvfv cv‡”Q| GwU BwZevPKfv‡eB †bIqv DwPr| wKšÍz mgm¨vUv n‡e ZLbB, hLb †fvMev` gyL¨ n‡q DV‡e, c‡Y¨i e¨envi bq| cÖPÐ Mi‡g wi·v Pvwj‡q evmvq †divi ci 12 UvKv w`‡q GKwU RxevYybvkK mvevb †KbvUv GKRb wiKkvPvj‡Ki Rb¨ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB wejvwmZv bq, GwU Zvi cÖ‡qvRb- wKšÍz 65 UvKv `v‡gi we‡`wk myMwÜ mvevb †Kbvi †Póv n‡e Zvui wejvwmZv| cyuwRev` GLb †m c‡_B nvuU‡Q w`‡b w`‡b| ÔhZ K_v-ZZ jvfÕ wKsev ÔGKevi †L‡j nqbv-evievi †L‡Z nqÕ ai‡bi cÖPvi¸‡jv †mB AwgZe¨qx-Ace¨qx gvbwmKZviB cÖPviK| evmi iv‡Z wg_¨v K_v e‡j ¯vgxi mv‡_ cÖZviYvi gva¨‡g Rxeb ïiæ Kivi wkÿvI †`qv n‡”Q wKQz weÁvc‡b| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki gvby‡li myLgq `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡bi †h g‡WjwU i‡q‡Q cwðgv we‡k¦i Live together bvgK Pig RNb¨ ixwZi wecix‡Z, †mwU‡KI bvbvb Kvq`vq †f‡½ †`qvi KZB bv Kvq`v-‡KŠkj|

Avevi KvKZvoyqv w`‡qB †kl Kwi| Avgiv KvKZvoyqv‡K K…l‡Ki eÜy e‡j fveZvg, fvwe| Zvi gv‡b Avgv‡`i wbR¯ ms¯‹„wZ †hUv, †mUv me mg‡qB Avgv‡`i Rb¨ BwZevPK| †mB BwZevPK mewKQz‡KB AvuK‡o ai‡Z n‡e k³ K‡i| evsjvi ms¯‹…wZ, Rxeb, K…wl, †jvKR aviv- †Kv‡bvwKQz †Kvb cyuwRev`-mvgªvR¨ev` Avi ag©xq AÜZ¡ev`wbf©i Ackw³i Kv‡Q †Q‡o †`e bv Avgiv, wKQz‡ZB bv|

†jLK: K…lK Av‡›`vj‡bi msMVK

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 37

wg‡kj dz‡KvÕi cvMje›`bv ivB evey

hv‡`i K_vevZ©v ev bxieZv mf¨mgv‡Ri „wó‡Z AmgxPxb, wbi_©K, A‡hŠw³K ev nvm¨Ki Ges hv‡`i evwn¨K AvPiY ¯fvewm× bq ev mf¨mgv‡Ri „wó‡Z weK…Zgw ͇®‹i ewntcÖKvk NUvq A_ev mgvR I mf¨Zv hv‡`i g‡bi g‡a¨ ÔAb¨iKg GK Ae ’vÕ m„wó K‡i‡Q wKsev hv‡`i cÖK…wZMZ cÖe„wË mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q hyw³nxb, KvÐÁvbnxb ev bb‡m݇`i g‡Zv, Zv‡`i Gme AvPiY, AvZ¥fve I A½¯fve m¤ú‡K© mf¨ gvby‡li „wófw½ Kx n‡Z cv‡i, Zv Avgiv mevB Rvwb| KviI „wó‡Z Giv gvbwmK †ivMx, KviI „wó‡Z Giv Db¥v`, e×D¤§v`, ev AevwÃZ| A‡cÿvK…Z Giv †ek webqx ev wÿß e‡j G‡`i A‡hŠw³K K‡_vcK_b ev bxieZv wKsev AvPiY ïb‡Z ev eyS‡Z wKsev MÖnY Ki‡Z mf¨ gvbyl ivRx bq| G‡`i ’vb cvMjvMvi‡` wKsev †Kv‡bv GK gvbwmK †ivM we‡klÁ Wv³v‡ii †P¤v‡i| ga¨hyM †_‡K ïiæ K‡i eZ©gvb mgq ch©šÍ Giv Gfv‡eB mf¨ gvby‡li Kv‡Q AevwÃZ n‡q Avm‡Q evi evi| wKšÍz †Kb? mf¨mgvR †KbB-ev G‡`i Gfv‡e mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Q hyM hyM a‡i| Avevi †Kb-B ev G‡`i K_v weK…Zfv‡e Dc ’vwcZ n‡”Q? KviY mgvR-mf¨Zvi Kv‡Q †mvRv evsjvq Giv ÔcvMjÕ|

n¨vu, cvMj kãUv e¨envi K‡i GB iPbvwU wjL‡Z Avgvi AvcwË Av‡Q| wKš‘ Avwg kãUv e¨envi KiwQ mgvR- mf¨Zv Avgv‡`i GB kãwU Øviv Ggb GKRb gvbyl‡K wPb‡Z wkwL‡q‡Q hvi wbKU †_‡K ~‡i _vKv fv‡jv; KviY †m e×D¤§v` I AevwÃZ| ZvB mf¨ gvby‡li „wó‡Z AevwÃZ, A‡hŠw³K, Db¥v`, KvÐÁvbnxb, bb‡mÝ, D`vmxb, w`Iqvbv hvB ejv †nvK bv †Kb, AvcvZZ ÔcvMjÕ kãUv‡K wfwË K‡iB A‡jvPbv Kiv hvK|

†K cvMj? Kviv cvMj? †Kb Ges †Kvb ¯v‡_© mf¨mgvR Kv‡`i cvMj e‡j? cvMj m¤ú‡K© mgvR-mf¨Zvi „wófw½ †Kgb? Gi m‡½ gvbwmK e¨vwai m¤úK©B-ev KZUzKz? G wel‡q ˆeÁvwbK ev Wv³vwi e¨L¨vi djvdj Kx? Avevi Zviv †h e¨L¨v w`‡q _v‡Kb, Zv-B ev KZUzKz mwVK? A‡b‡K mgvR-mf¨Zvi weeZ©b I BwZnv‡mi Av‡jv‡K GB welq¸wji DËi Lyu‡R‡Qb| divwm `vk©wbK wg‡kj dz‡Kv (1926 -1984) Zvu‡`i Ab¨Zg|

nu v! mv¤úªwZKKv‡j ÁvbPP©vq wg‡kj dz‡Kv GK Abb¨ cÖfve †i‡L‡Qb| cwðgv Ávb I ÁvbPP©vi MwÐ †cwo‡q wZwb eyS‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Gi AZxZ-eZ©gvb, LyuR‡Z †P‡q‡Qb

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 38

Gi AšÍtmviïb¨Zv, Avi gvc‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Gi †gwKi cwigvY| cvMjvwg m¤úwK©Z aviYv, Ávb welqK Dcjwä, AvBb I kvw Í welqK e¨envi, †hŠbZvi cÖwZ „wófw½- GmewKQzi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i g‡bvfv‡ei †Mvov boe‡o K‡i wZwb hveZxq wPšÍvfvebv Dc ’vcb K‡i‡Qb cÖPwjZ wPšÍvfvebvi cÖvq wecix‡Z `vuwo‡q| wZwb wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb Avgv‡`i ÁvbPP©vi dvuK-‡dvKi, P¨zwZ-weP¨zwZ Avi wbg©vY-Awbgv‡Y©i e¨vcvi¸‡jv‡K| dz‡Kvi Gme „wófw½ I myMfxi we‡kølY GKv‡ji `k©b, BwZnvm, g‡bvweÁvb, mgvRwe`¨v †_‡K ïiæ K‡i eû wel‡qB cÖfve †d‡j‡Q, e`‡j w`‡q‡Q wPšÍvi aib| wZwb gvbemf¨Zvi cybwe©Pvi K‡i‡Qb| wZwb †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, ¯‹yj-nvmcvZvj-KvivMvi-cvMjvMvi` nj ÿgZvi hš¿ Ges ÿgZvi `vmZ¡ †kLv‡bvi RvqMv, Avi AvBb nj ÿgZvi GKwU nvwZqvi| wZwb Avgv‡`i †Pv‡L Av½yj w`‡q †`wL‡q‡Qb cvMjvwg m¤úwK©Z mf¨mgv‡Ri „wófw½ Ges Gi ms‡kvab‡hvM¨ Dcjwä| GB iPbvq dz‡Kvi cvMjvwg welqK Zvui Abe`¨ m„wókxjZvi AvswkK w`K Dc ’vc‡bi cÖqvm KiwQ gvÎ|

dz‡Kv †Kb GB cvMj‡`i wb‡q GZ †g‡ZwQ‡jb? GUv wK cvMjvwg wQj? nu¨v, mf¨mgv‡Ri „wó‡KvY †_‡K nq‡Zv cvMjvwg, wKšÍz AvaywbK mf¨Zv hLb cvMj‡K †hŠw³K gvby‡li wecix‡Z ’vb w`j ZLb dz‡Kv I‡`i iÿv Ki‡Z †ÿ‡c D‡VwQ‡jb| cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zvq e‡m mevi gv‡S Av‡jv R¡vjevi cÖqvm wb‡q, hviv Av‡jvwKZ bq dz‡Kv Zv‡`i evbv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb A‡jvK‡jvK, †h Av‡jv ¯-Af¨šÍi n‡Z we”QywiZ nq| dz‡Kvi g‡Z, g¨vW‡bm ev cvMjvwg n‡Z cv‡i †hŠw³KZvi wecixZ, wKšÍz A‡hŠw³KZvq NyicvK Lvq bv, Avi ZvB wZwb ej‡Qb, madness may offer a viable alternative to reason...

dz‡Kv A‡bKwKQzB †f‡e‡Qb ÔcvMjvwgÕ wb‡q| wj‡L‡Qb gvbwmK ¯v ’ wb‡qI| hw`I cvMj‡`i wb‡q GB m„wókxjZv‡K A‡bK mgv‡jvPK GUv‡K ÔcvMj-‡ivgvw›UwmRgÕ ej‡Qb, wKšÍz Zvui GB ÔcvMjvwg Z_v g¨vW‡bmÕ aviYvwU cieZ©x‡Z g‡bvweÁv‡bi GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ’vb `Lj Ki‡e †mUv †evaKwi A‡bK mgv‡jvPK ey‡S DV‡Z cv‡ibwb| dz‡Kv g‡b K‡ib, ÔcvMjvwgÕ Avi Ô†hŠw³KZvÕ GB ywU welq gvbemf¨Zvi BwZnv‡m ax‡i ax‡i G‡K Aci †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q‡Q, Avi GUv me‡P‡q †ewk N‡U‡Q AvaywbK we‡k¦ Z_v eZ©gvb mg‡q| wbe©yw×Zv-‡evKvwg-Db¥v`bv ev AvZw¼Z-DrKwÉZ-wÿßve ’v hv-B ejv †nvK-bv †Kb, †hUv wK-bv eZ©gvb mg‡q ˆeÁvwbK cš’vq wPwKrmv Ki‡Z n‡e, Dckg NUv‡Z n‡e, Avi GB welq‡K wfwË K‡iB mvB‡Kvc¨v_jwR ev Amy ’Zvi K_v e‡j K…wÎgfv‡e c„_KxKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q GBme webqx-‡evKv ev AcÖK…wZ ’-wÿß gvbyl‡`i, hv‡K dz‡Kv act of scission

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 39

e‡j‡Qb| GB Ôact of scissionÕ welqwU‡K GKUz mnR Kivi Rb¨ K‡qKwU „‡k¨i AeZviYvi ga¨ w`‡q †evSvi †Póv Kwi:

1| e½cy‡i evm K‡i dwUK| †m mewKQz‡ZB cÖkœ †Lvu‡R| mf¨gvbyl †_‡K GKUz Avjv`vfv‡e mewKQz wPšÍv K‡i| GKw`b e½ivRv wm×všÍ wb‡jb, i½ivR‡K GK ˆbk‡fv‡Ri wbgš¿Y Ki‡eb| ZvB †Xvj wcwU‡q cÖRv‡`i Rvbv‡bv nj| wKšÍz dwU‡Ki g‡b cÖkœ RvMj, Ô†Kb e½ivRv i½ivRv‡K †fv‡Ri wbgš¿Y Rvbv‡e?Õ †hLv‡b cÖRviv Abvnv‡i g‡i, †mLv‡b iv‡R¨i G‡Zv¸‡jv A_© †Kb LiP Ki‡e? ZvB dwUK cÖRv‡`i m‡PZb Kivi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| G‡Z e½ivRv gykwK‡j c‡i| ZvB mgvav‡bi Rb¨ dwUK‡K wePv‡i WvKv nj| wePv‡i ivq nj, ÔdwUK GKUv Db¥v` gvbylÕ| †m cvMj n‡q †M‡Q| Zvi bvg ivLv nj- dwUK cvMjv| Zvi ’vb nj cvMjvMvi‡`|

2| GKwU m¤£všÍ cwiev‡i GK Kb¨v-wkïi Rb¥ nj| wkïwU †e‡o IVvi mv‡_ mv‡_ mgv‡Ri cyiælZvwš¿KZv, ag©vÜZv, AwaKvi, wbqgZvwš¿KZv, †hŠbZv cÖf„wZ wel‡q cÖkœwe× nj| †Kb Ggb nj bvix‡`i Rxeb? cyiæ‡li gZ bvixiv †Kb GZ my‡hvM myweav †cj bv? cÖvßeq‡m Zvi g‡bi g‡a¨ GK ÔAb¨iKg Ae ’viÕ m„wó nj| GKUv mg‡q mgv‡Ri cÖPwjZ ixwZbxwZ‡K D‡cÿv Kivi †Póv Ki‡jv †m| evev-gv I AvZ¥xqiv †g‡qwUi GB cwiw ’wZ mgvav‡bi Dcvq wn‡m‡e Zv‡K we‡q w`j| we‡qi ci ¯vgx welq¸‡jv †g‡b wb‡Z cvij bv| ¯vgxi Awf‡hvM Zvi ¿x GKRb gvbwmK †ivMx| ¯vgxi Awf‡hv‡M Awfhy³ †g‡qwU‡K Ae‡k‡l †h‡Z nj gvbwmK †ivM we‡klÁ Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q| Ae‡k‡l †mB †g‡qwU‡K nviv‡Z nj mvgvwRK gh©v`v, ewÂZ n‡Z nj ˆcwÎK m¤úwË †_‡K, GgbwK cwiZ¨³ n‡jb Ni msmvi †_‡K|

3| we`¨vj‡qi GKRb evsjv wkÿK| wZwb ÁvbPP©vq A‡bK †ewk Av‡eMx| Zvi GB Av‡eMUv Ggb GK ch©v‡q †V‡K‡Q hv Zvui g‡bi g‡a¨ ÔAb¨iKg GK Ae ’vÕ m„wó K‡i‡Q| d‡j wZwb wkÿv_©x‡`i cvV`v‡b AvMÖn nvwi‡q †dj‡jb| †kÖwYK‡ÿ my‡hvM †c‡j wKsev AwZwi³ mgq †c‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i mv‡_ f~‡Mvj I weÁvb welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb| welqwU cÖavb wkÿK ÁvZ n‡q IB wkÿK‡K cvV`v‡b g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z ej‡j Zvu‡KI (cÖavb wkÿK) f~‡Mvj I weÁvb wel‡qi ¸iæZ¡ Zz‡j a‡ib| GKUv ch©v‡q IB wkÿK mevi gv_ve¨_vi KviY n‡jb| AvL¨vwqZ n‡jb Db¥v` wkÿK wn‡m‡e| myZivs Zvi wPwKrmv cÖ‡qvRb| we`¨vjq KZ©…cÿ Zv‡K gvbwmK wPwKrmvj‡q cvVv‡jb| wPwKrmv †k‡l wZwb Dcjwä Ki‡jb †h,

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 40

mgvR-mf¨Zv gvbyl‡K †hfv‡e Pj‡Z e‡j †mfv‡e PjvB nj mf¨Zv| c‡i hLb †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©xiv IB wkÿK‡K weÁvb I f~‡Mvj wel‡q cÖkœ Ki‡j wZwb DËi w`‡jb, ÔgvbwmK wPwKrmv wb‡q Avwg-‡Zv GLb my ’ Avwg Avi f~‡Mvj-weÁvb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie bv, Avwg †Zvgv‡`i evsjv cove|Õ

welq¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K ej‡Z nq, mgvR-mf¨Zvi µgweKv‡ki avivevwnKZvq cÖPwjZ aªæewek¦vm, Av`eKvq`v, Abykvmb, ˆbivR¨, ag©vÜZv, a¨vbÁvb, †cÖg cÖf„wZi wecix‡Z ev cÖvq-wecix‡Z hLb †Kvb gvby‡li g‡bvRM‡Z m‡›`n, DrKÉv, Ø› ¦, AvZ¼ cÖf„wZi ewntcÖKvk N‡U ZLb †m nq cvMj, e×Db¥v` ev w`Iqvbv| Gme gvby‡li AvZ¥`k©b ev AbymwÜrmy gb A_ev wØavMÖ ’Zv Aeg~j¨vqb K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ M‡o †Zvjv n‡q‡Q Db¥v` AvkÖg ev †g›Uvj A¨vmvBjvg Z_v cvMjvMvi`| dz‡Kvi g‡Z, ga¨hy‡M BD‡iv‡c †h cvMjvwg¸‡jv wQj gvbe AwfÁZvi GK ÔAva¨vwZ¥KÕ Ask, †i‡bmvu cieZ©x mg‡q Z_v mf¨Zv AMÖMwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ †mB cvMjvwg¸‡jvB †hb n‡q DV‡jv mf¨ gvby‡li wVK wecixZ Ae ’v Z_v we‡kl Kvi‡Y GK ai‡Yi Ôwe ªæcvZ¥K Ae ’vÕ| Avi ZvB D‡b¥vPb NUj GB RM‡Zi bb‡mݸ‡jvi, hviv mgv‡R cÖ‡qvRbnxbZvi gh©v`v †cj| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î GB bb‡mÝiv n‡q DV‡jv Uª vwRK, Avevi KLbI-ev KwgK|

A_©vr †h gvbyl¸‡jv mf¨mgv‡Ri mv‡_ kvwgj n‡Z cv‡i bv wKsev hv‡`i n‡Z †`Iqv nq bv, †mB A‡hŠw³K I mf¨Zv-ewÂZ gvbyl¸‡jvi evwZjxKiY nq ÔcvMjvwgÕ bv‡g| Av‡jvKcÖvß BD‡iv‡c hyw³, weÁvb I mf¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K c„w_exe¨vcx ÿgZvi gZv`‡k©i hLb Drme P‡j, †mB mg‡q BD‡iv‡c eo-eo cvMjvMvi‡` cvM‡jiv QvovI †Pvi, WvKvZ, wecøexivI ’vb †cZ| A_©vr mß`k kZvãxi gvSvgvwS mg‡q GBme cvMj welqK aviYv, I‡`i AvDUjyK, I‡`i cÖwZ „wófw½ Z_v cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î bZzb mgvR-mf¨Zvi ¯fvewm× gvby‡li Ae ’vi †h cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q, Zv-‡hb GB cvMj‡`i‡K ÔUª vwRK-KwgKÕ I ÔDb¥v`-AevwÃZÕ †Lvjmmg~‡n ivLv n‡q‡Q| †mB mv‡_ gnvwe‡k¦i AvB‡bi mv‡_ we‡ivwaZvq †djv n‡q‡Q| cieZ©x‡Z Zv‡`i ivLv nj nvmcvZv‡ji GK‡N‡q wegl© kh¨vq A_ev Db¥v` AvkÖ‡g| weeZ©‡bi avivq Iiv GLb ÔmvBwKqvwUªK cÖe‡jgÕ †Lvj‡m Ave„Z| dz‡Kv ej‡Qb, mß`k I Aóv`k kZvãxi cvMjvMvi`¸‡jv wVK †gwW‡Kj-AvkÖg wQj bv, wQj Ôsemi-juridicalÕ cÖwZôvb| cvMj QvovI †eKvi, Mixe, wbt¯, dwKi Z_v hviv wQj †gBbw÷ªg mgvR †_‡K evB‡i, Zv‡`i AvkÖq RyU‡Zv †mLv‡b|

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 41

dz‡Kvi g‡Z, †gBbw÷ªg mgvR †_‡K ewÂZ nq bv- gvZv‡jiv| GB gvZjiv hw` e×Db¥v‡`i g‡Zv ev Zvi †P‡q †ewk Db¥v`bvq †g‡Z _v‡K ZviciI Zviv †gBbw÷ªg mgvR †_‡K ewÂZ nq bv| G‡ÿ‡Î mgv‡Ri mf¨gvbyl‡`i hyw³ nj, Zviv ÔgvZjvwg K‡iÕ, ciw`b mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K †R‡M †gBbw÷ªg mgv‡Ri GKUv Ask n‡q hv‡e, Zviv A‡hŠw³K gvbyl bv| wKšÍz cvMjiv †bkvMÖ ’ bv n‡qB e× D¤§v‡`i gv‡Zv AvPiY K‡i e‡jB Zv‡`i Ae ’vb hyw³i wVK wecixZ, ZvB Zviv mgvR ewnf©~Z, Zv‡`i AvPiY mf¨mgv‡Ri wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| GUv †Kvb wePvi?

Avgiv hviv mf¨ gvbyl, Zviv Kx eyS‡Z PvB-bv †h, †bkvMÖ ’ bv n‡qI †Kv‡bv GKRb gvbyl iv Ívq GKcv‡k `vuwo‡q wKsev Pj‡Z Pj‡Z ÔweoweoÕ K‡i K_v ej‡Q A_ev iv Ívi gv‡S wPrKvi K‡i Avej-Zvej eK‡Q? bv Avgiv Zv KL‡bvB eyS‡Z PvB bv| KviY mgvR Zv‡`i Lvm evsjvq e‡j ÔcvMjÕ| Avi cvMj hv K‡i Zv wbQK cvMjvwg Qvov wKQzB bv| Avevi GB cvMjvwg hLb evovevwo ch©v‡q hvq, ZLb ÔcvM‡ji gv_vLvivc n‡q‡QÕ ej‡Z GKUzI †`wi Kwi bv| KviY GB mf¨mgvR Avgv‡`i Gfv‡eB wkwL‡q‡Q| Iiv A‡hŠw³K, Iiv Am¤¢e Kíbv K‡i, I‡`i K_vevZ©v A_©nxb BZ¨vw` Awf‡hv‡M Awfhy³ GB cvM‡jiv GB mgvR ms¯‹„wZ †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q †M‡Q A‡bK Av‡MB| Avevi GB mf¨mgv‡R †KD hw` GB cvMj‡`i AvPiY ev cvMjvwg wb‡q gvZvgvwZ K‡i Zvn‡j ZviI †invB †bB| cvM‡ji LvZvq ZviI bvg mshy³ n‡e|

wKšÍz †h gvbylwU mgv‡Ri AmsMwZ ev cwievi KZ©…K AvNvZcÖvß n‡q wKsev mgv‡Ri bvbv A‰bwZK ev AvZswKZ wel‡qi †cÖwÿ‡Z g‡bi g‡a¨ †h ÔAb¨iKg Ae ’viÕ ewntcÖKvk NUvq Zv‡K cvMj e‡j AvL¨v bv w`‡j wK mgvR-mf¨Zvi Lye ÿwZ n‡q †hZ? bvwK Ab¨ wKQz welq jywK‡q Av‡Q GLv‡b| hv GB mgvR ev cwiev‡ii A‡cÿvK…Z ÿgZvevbiv Zv‡`i Aw ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ IBme AvZswKZ, AvNvZcÖvß, AwZgvÎvq hyw³kxj, cÖwZev`x, wecøex, AbymwÜrmy gvbyl‡`i cvMj e‡j mgvR ev cwievi wew”Qbœ Kivi GKUv HwZnvwmK avivevwnK cÖwµqvi Ask| Avi GB avivevwnK cÖwµqvi Avi GKwU Ask gvbwmK wPwKrmv hv mgv‡R †ek k³‡cv³ Ae ’vb K‡i wb‡q‡Q| myZivs †Zvgviv hviv cvMj, Zviv wPwKrmv bvI, Zvici hyw³ev`x nI| mgv‡Ri †h †bvsiv KvRwUi Kvi‡Y †Zvgiv hviv AvZswKZ n‡q wbðyc mvivivZ wbN©yg †_‡K mvivÿY D`vmxb n‡q _v‡Kv, Zviv fy‡j hvI mgv‡Ri IB †bvsiv welqwU‡K| Avevi hviv AvNvZcÖvß n‡qQ ZvivI AvNv‡Zi KviY fy‡j hvI| †h AmvgvwRK KvRwUi cÖwZev` Ki‡Z wM‡q hviv cÖwZev‡`i fvlv nvwi‡q iv Ívi gv‡S wPrKvi-‡PuPv‡gwP Ki, †Zvgiv †mB AmvgvwRK NUbvwU fy‡j hvI| Gfv‡e

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 42

AwZgvÎvq hyw³kxj hviv, Zviv me cÖkœ gb †_‡K fy‡j hvI| Jla LvI, wPwKrmv bvI, Zvici mf¨mgv‡R wd‡i Av‡mv|

wKšÍz †h cvMjwU iv Ívi GKcv‡k `vuwo‡q A „k¨ KvD‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i K_v ej‡Q Avbg‡b, wKsev iv Ívi gvSLv‡b uvwo‡q A „k¨ †Kv‡bvwKQz‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i wPrKvi Ki‡Q, †m cvMjwUi GB A „k¨ e¨w³ ev e ‘i inm¨ Kx? hv‡K ev hv mf¨mgvR †`L‡Z cv‡i bv| bv-wK mf¨mgv‡Ri A‡bK Amf¨Zv, †bvsivwg, MZvbyMwZKZvi evB‡i cÖwZwU cvMj Zv‡`i g‡bi g‡a¨ ¯Zš¿Zv eRvq †i‡L GK-GKwU RMZ ˆZwi K‡i‡Q hv mvaviY gvby‡li †evaMg¨ bq|

dz‡Kv ZvB Db¥v` cvMj‡`i wbe©yw×Zvi bxie fvlv¸‡jvi weÁvbwfwËK mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Drm Lyu‡R‡Qb| dz‡Kvi g‡Z, BD‡iv‡ci †mBKv‡ji A_©‰bwZK Ae ’vi DVv-bvgvq GB cvMj‡`i yB iKg Ae ’vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| GK- A_©‰bwZK g›`ve ’vq Zv‡`i AvkÖ‡g †V‡jVz‡j ÔwekÖv‡gÕ ivLv; Ges yB- Kg©ÿg †cÖvWvw±f mg‡q Zv‡`i Kg cqmvq Kv‡R jvMv‡bv| mß`k kZvãxi BD‡iv‡c ÔA‡hŠw³KÕ gvbyl‡`i ÔAvkÖ‡gÕ cybe©vm‡bi GB mgqwU‡K dz‡Kv ej‡Qb The Great Confinement|

GB The Great Confinement Gi mgqB cvMj‡`i cÖwZ „wófw½ cwieZ©‡bi Av‡iKwU avc ïiæ nq| ïiæ nq I‡`i‡K gvbyl wn‡m‡e MY¨ bv Kivi cvuqZviv| gvb‡evwPZ ¸Yvejx n‡Z weP¨zwZ NUv‡bv| gvb‡evwPZ ˆewkó¨ niY| Av‡M †hUv wQj gvby‡li mnRvZ-cÖe„wËi GKwU w`K gvÎ, GLb †mwU †hb n‡q DV‡jv wbgœ ͇ii eyw×gËv m¤úbœ RšÍy we‡k‡li cÖK…wZ| cï-cÖK…wZ| GLvb †_‡KB ïiæ nq cÖv_wgK g‡bvwe`¨vi GKwU aviv| ïiæ nq †kÖwYKi‡Yi m~Îvejxi| Av‡eM-Abyf~wZi Zxeª ewntcÖKv‡ki Dci wfwË K‡i bvgKiY Kiv nq g¨vwbqv, †gjvb‡Kvwjqv, wnw÷wiqv, nvB‡cvKwЪqv BZ¨vw` †j‡ewjs-U¨vwMs| AvaywbKZvi m~h© DVvi mv‡_ mv‡_ GB ÔcvMjvwgÕ µgvš‡q cwiYZ nq g‡bvwe`¨vi GKwU Ae‡R± wn‡m‡e| me©cÖKvi ag©xq Avi ˆbwZKZvi †jevm Qvwo‡q GUv‡K GLb cy‡ivcywi wPwKrmvwe`¨vi ZË¡veav‡b Avbv nq| dz‡Kv ej‡Qb, †hLv‡b c~e©eZ©x mg‡q ÔA‡hŠw³KZvÕ nq‡Zv Ôhyw³ev`xZvÕi GKUv Ôwe‡klÕ iƒc wn‡m‡eB we`¨gvb wQj, AvaywbK g‡bvwe`¨v GLb cvMj‡`i bxieZvi Dci `vuwo‡q Zv‡`i Rb¨ wbeÜ iPbv Ki‡Q †hb| dz‡Kv hLb gvbwmK Amy‡Li mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹„wZK w`KwU‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb, ZLb wZwb GwU‡K ÿgZvmxb‡`i GKwU ivR‰bwZK †KŠkj wn‡m‡eI e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb|

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 43

dz‡Kvi g‡Z, †i‡bmvui mgq GB ÔcvMj-gvbylÕivB †hb RM‡Zi gvbe-bvU¨kvjv-i½g‡Âi y‡Uv w`K Zz‡j a‡iwQj, GKw`‡K wQj Iiv wb‡Riv, Avi Av‡iKw`‡K wQj ÔKvw•ÿZÕ †mB hyw³ev`; Kxfv‡e KZ mn‡R †evSv †hZ, `vuwocvjøvi †Kvb DrK…ó w`KwU‡Z Ômf¨-gvbylÕ Av‡Q? d‡j mf¨RM‡Zi g~j A_©nxbZvi GKUv iƒc ˆZwi nj, Avi †mUv nj- hviv Db¥v` Zviv Amy ’ Avi Avgiv my ’, Avgv‡`i (mf¨‡`i) `‡j Zzwg (Db¥v`) bv, myZivs Wv³vi †`LvI, hyw³ev`x n‡Z †k‡Lv A_ev hyw³i Av‡jvq †Zvgvi Db¥v`bv e¨vL¨v Ki|

dz‡Kv Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb, cvMjvwg‡K BwZnv‡mi hyw³‡Z †djv hvq bv| KviY, ZLb Avi †mUv cvMjvwg _v‡K bv| Avi ZvB cvMjvwgi BwZnvm iPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e GKgvÎ cvMjB| GivB cvi‡e A‡hŠw³K, AmvgvwRK Ges fvlv-ewnf©~Z welq¸‡jv ai‡Z Ges G‡Z wKQz Dcjwä I Abyf~wZ Aek¨B cvIqv hv‡e|

Z_¨m~Î: http://www.nndb.com/people/323/000095038/http://www.egs.edu/library/michel-foucault/biography/http://www.foucault.info/foucault/biography.htmlhttp://foucaultsociety.wordpress.com/fundraiser-the-government-of-self-others-book-sale/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Foucaulthttp://www.e-ir.info/2009/03/31/michel-foucault’s-political-philosophy/http://www.iep.utm.edu/fouc-pol/

†jLK: ms¯‹…wZ Kg©x

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 44

evsjv‡`k-fviZ wQUgnj mgm¨v wb‡ew`Zv ivq

eBc‡Îi msÁv g‡Z, wbw ©ó f~LÐ, ’vqx Rbmgwó, miKvi I mve©‡fŠgZ¡- GB PviwU Dcv`v‡bi mgš‡q ivóª cwiwPwZ cvq| wKšÍz iv‡óªi c_cwiµgvq ev weeZ©‡bi BwZnv‡m hw` KL‡bv ÔKÕ iv‡óªi wKQz Ask gvbwP‡Îi evB‡i Ab¨ †Kvb ÔLÕ iv‡óªi gv‡a¨ †_‡K hvq, Z‡e wewÿßfv‡e ÔKÕ iv‡óªi H ÿy ª As‡ki cwiw ’wZ Kx n‡e? evsjv‡`‡ki DËie‡½i cÖvq PviwU †Rjvq i‡q †M‡Q GiKg fvi‡Zi 111wU ÿy ª Ask, Avi fvi‡Zi f~L‡Ð i‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki 51wU ÿy ª Ask; hv wQUgnj bv‡g cwiwPZ| wQUgn‡ji AvwfavwbK A_© ØxcvqwbK ivR¨| wKšÍz fviZ-evsjv‡`‡ki wQUgnj¸‡jv mgZj f~wgi Dci Aew ’Z nIqvq G ai‡bi wQUgn‡ji †ÿ‡Î hv †evSvq Zv n‡”Q GKwU ¯vaxb iv‡óªi f~LÐ cvk¦©eZ©x †`‡ki f~wg cwi‡ewóZ|

Rvbv hvq, †lvok kZvãx‡Z †gvNj †mbvcwZ gxiRygjv †KvPwenvi ivR¨ AvµgY K‡iwQ‡jb| G mgq †KvP ivRv †gvNj‡`i ek¨Zv ¯xKvi K‡i ÔKvi`Õ iv‡R¨ cwiYZ nq| †m mgq †gvNj AwaK…Z 111wU GjvKvi Awaevmx †KvP ivRvi ek¨Zv ¯xKvi K‡i Zvi iv‡R¨ cÖRv wn‡m‡e _vKvi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡i Zvi ivR¨fy³ nq| ZLb Zv‡`i ejv n‡Zv ivRwMi| ZLb †_‡K H GjvKvi AwaevmxMY ivRwMi bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|

Abyiƒcfv‡e †KvP ivR¨fy³ 53wU (eZ©gvb `nMÖvg Av½yi‡cvZvmn) GjvKvi Awaevmx †gvNj‡`i ek¨Zv wkKvi K‡i Zv‡`i AwaK…Z A‡j m¤ú„³ _vKvi B”Qv cÖKvk Ki‡j ZvivI H ivR¨fy³ †_‡K hvq| ZLb †_‡K Zviv †gvNjvB bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| Gfv‡eB Zviv kZvãxi ci kZvãx †_‡K hvq| GiB avivevwnKZvq evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Aew ’Z 111wU wQUgnj fviZxq wQUgnj wnmv‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| GKBfv‡e fvi‡Zi Af¨šÍ‡i 53wU wQUgnj evsjv‡`kx wQUgnj wnmv‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|

miKvwi Z_¨ Abyhvqx, 1947 mv‡j evsjv cvÄv‡ei mxgv‡iLv Uvbvi cwiKíbv K‡ib jW© gvD›U‡eUb| Zvi cwiKíbv Abyhvqx weªwUk AvBbRxex wmwij †iWwK¬d‡K cÖavb K‡i †m eQiB MVb Kiv nq mxgvbv wbe©vP‡bi Kwgkb| 1947 mv‡ji 8 RyjvB jÛb †_‡K fvi‡Z Av‡mb †iWwK¬d| gvÎ Qq mßv‡ni gv_vq 13 AvM÷ wZwb mxgvbv wba©vi‡Yi P~ovšÍ cÖwZ‡e`b †`b| Gi wZb w`b ci 16 AvM÷ Rbm¤§y‡L cÖKvk Kiv nq mxgvbvi gvbwPÎ| †KvbiKg mywe‡ePbv QvovB ûU K‡i G ai‡bi GKwU wm×všÍ

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 45

†bIqvq mxgvbv wba©vi‡Yi welqwU h_vh_fv‡e nqwb| Awf‡hvM i‡q‡Q, Kwgk‡bi m`m¨‡`i wbw®ŒqZv Avi Rwg`vi beve, ’vbxq ivRbxwZwe` I Pv evMv‡bi gvwj‡Kiv wb‡R‡`i ¯v‡_© †`k fv‡Mi mxgv‡iLv wba©vi‡Y cÖfve †d‡j‡Q| Avi DËivwaKvi m~‡ÎB Dcgnv‡`‡ki wefw³i GB mgm¨v e‡q †eo‡”Q yB †`k|

1958 mv‡ji †b‡niæ-byb& Pzw³ Abyhvqx †eiæevwoi DËi w`‡Ki A‡a©K Ask fviZ Ges `wÿY w`‡Ki A‡a©K Ask I Gi msjMœ GjvKv cv‡e evsjv‡`k| Pzw³ Abyhvqx †eiæevwoi mxgvbv wba©vi‡Yi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡jI fvi‡Zi Amn‡hvwMZvq Zv gyL _ye‡o c‡o| d‡j †eiæevwoi `wÿY w`‡Ki A‡a©K Aski wQUgn‡ji myivnv nqwb| KviY, Pzw³‡Z wQUgnj wewbg‡qi D‡jøL _vK‡jI G e¨vcv‡i fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb ivóªcwZ †m †`‡ki msweav‡bi 143 aviv m¤ú‡K© mywcÖg †Kv‡U©i gZvgZ Pvb| ZLb Av`vj‡Zi cÿ †_‡K ejv nq, msweav‡bi ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g welqwUi wb®úwË Ki‡Z n‡e| c‡i fvi‡Zi cÿ †_‡K wewfbœ mg‡q msweavb ms‡kvabx Avi RbMYbvi ARynv‡Z wejw¤Z n‡q‡Q wQUgnj wewbgq|

mxgv‡šÍi AgxgvswmZ mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡ÿ¨ 1947 mv‡ji 16 †g w`wjø‡Z ’j mxgvbv wPwýZKiY-msµvšÍ GK Pzw³ mB K‡ib evsjv‡`‡ki ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywRei ingvb I fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜx| f~wg n ÍvšÍ‡ii wel‡q Pzw³i Z…Zxq avivq ejv n‡q‡Q, f~wg wewbg‡qi mgq †jvKRb †Kv_vq _vK‡Z Pvb, †m e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i wm×všÍ †bIqvi my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e| f~wg wewbgq n‡j evowZ 10 nvRvi GKi Rwg evsjv‡`‡ki cvIqvi K_v| Pzw³i ci yB †`k wQUgn‡ji Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e ZvwjKv ˆZwii KvR ïiæ K‡i| wKšÍz yB c‡ÿi ZvwjKvq †`Lv hvq Miwgj| c‡i 1997 mv‡ji 9 GwcÖj P‚ovšÍ nq evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i fvi‡Zi 111wU I fvi‡Zi Af¨šÍ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki 51wU wQUgnj i‡q‡Q|

yB †`‡ki ciivóª mwPe ch©v‡qi ˆeV‡K 2000 mv‡ji wW‡m¤‡i †hŠ_ mxgvšÍ Kvh© j (R‡q›U evDÛvwi IqvwK©s MÖyc †Rwe WweøD wR) MV‡bi wm×všÍ nq| Gici G ch©šÍ QqwU ˆeVK K‡i KwgwU| 2010 wLª÷v‡ãi yB cÿ w`wjø‡Z me©‡kl ˆeVK K‡i 1947 mv‡ji Pzw³i Av‡jv‡K welq¸‡jv myivnvi wm×všÍ †bq| G‡ÿ‡Î fvi‡Zi cÿ †_‡K mgwšZfv‡e ejv n‡qwQj, mv‡o Qq wK‡jvwgUvi mxgvšÍ wPwýZ Kiv, Pzqvˇii Pzw³i Abymg_©b, wQUgnj Ges Ac`Ljxq Rwg n ÍvšÍi GB avivevwnKZvq welq¸‡jv mgvavb Kiv n‡e| 2007 mv‡j wQUgnj I Ac`Ljxq Rwg¸‡jv‡Z †hŠ_ md‡ii ci evsjv‡`kI av‡c av‡c welq¸‡jv myivnvi cÖ Íve †`q| fvi‡Zi cÿ †_‡K welq¸‡jv mgvav‡bi Avk¦vm Av‡m| Z‡e Gic‡i †K‡U †M‡Q cvuPwU eQi

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 46

wKšÍz wQUgnj mgm¨vi mgvavb Av‡jvi gyL †`‡L bvB| gvSLv‡b GKwU cÖ‡UvKj, `nMÖvg-Av½yi‡cvZv ywU wQUgn‡ji mgm¨vi wKQzUv AMÖMwZ Qvov mxgv‡šÍi Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨v¸wj i‡q †M‡Q|

miKvwi ZvwjKv Abyhvqx evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi wQUgn‡ji AvqZb `vuovq 24 nvRvi 268 `kwgK 07 GKi| ZvwjKv Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨ fvi‡Zi wQUgnj¸‡jv jvjgwbinvU I KzwoMÖvg †Rjvi AšÍM©Z n‡jI G¸‡jv Ae ’vb Ki‡Q fvi‡Zi KzPwenvi †Rjvq| †emiKvwi Z_¨ g‡Z, Gme wQUgn‡ji †gvU RbmsL¨v cÖvq 70 nvRvi| evsjv‡`‡ki PZz_© Av`gïgvwi 2001 mv‡ji cÖwZ‡e`b wQUgn‡ji RbmsL¨vi †Kvb wnmve cvIqv hvqwb| evsjv‡`‡ki 51wU wQUgn‡ji Ae ’vb fvi‡Zi cwðge½ iv‡R¨| 47wU KzPwenvi Ges PviwU RjcvB¸wo †Rjvq| Avevi GgbI Av‡Q, evsjv‡`‡ki †fZ‡i fviZ, Zvi †fZ‡i Avevi evsjv‡`k| †hgb: KzwoMÖv‡g fvi‡Zi wQUgnj `vwmqviQov Avi `vwmqviQovi †fZ‡iB Av‡Q P› ªLvbv bv‡gi evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU wQUgnj| †Kb Ggb nj? GKUz †cQ‡bi w`‡K wd‡i ZvKv‡bv hvK|

BwZnv‡mi weeZ©‡b Dcgnv‡`‡ki wefw³ N‡U| fviZ I cvwK Ív‡bi (c~e© I cwðg) gvbwPÎ ˆZwi nq| fviZ I cvwK Ív‡bi yÕwU As‡ki mxgvbv wPwýZ Kivi cÖv°v‡j AgxgvswmZ A‡ji evwm›`viv A‡b‡KB Rv‡b bv BwZnv‡mi meLvwb| ïay Rv‡b Zv‡`i cwiPq eÇ A™¢yZ, miKvi Av‡Q, ivóªxq bvgI Av‡Q Z‡e †mme aiv †Qvuqvi evB‡i| civaxb bq Z‡e ¯vaxbfv‡e evuPvi Rb¨ †gŠwjK AwaKvi Zv‡`i †bB| cÖkvm‡bi Afv‡e bvMwiKZ¡nxb Rb‡Mvôx †h Rxeb-hvcb Ki‡Q Zv my`xN© 65 eQi hver mgvav‡bi A‡cÿvq Av‡Q| ZvB Gcvi evsjv Avi Icvi evsjvi wQUgnjevmxiv gv‡S gv‡S †mv”Pvi n‡q D‡V wb‡R‡`i bvMwiK‡Z¡i cÖ‡kœ| fviZ ¯vaxb n‡jI wQUgn‡ji e¨vcv‡i †Kvb wm×všÍ bv nIqvi welqwU Sz‡j _v‡K| mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cvwK Ívb Ges evsjv‡`k miKvi fvi‡Zi m‡½ wZbwU Pzw³ Ki‡jI †mB Pzw³ ev Íevqb nqwb|

1947 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ fviZ ¯vaxb n‡jI †KvPwenvi fvi‡Zi AšÍf©y³ nqwb| †KvPwenvi wQj ivR¨kvwmZ c„_K ivR¨| 1949 mv‡ji 12 †m‡Þ¤i †KvPwenv‡ii ivRv RMØx‡c› ª bvivqY †KvPwenvi‡K fviZ iv‡óªi m‡½ AšÍf©y³ Kivi GK Pzw³‡Z Ave× nb| Gici 1950 mv‡ji 1jv Rvbyqvwi †KvPwenvi‡K cwðge‡½i GKwU †Rjv wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq| †`wi‡Z hy³ nIqvq †`Lv †Mj †KvP iv‡R¨i Rwg`vwii GKvsk i‡q †M‡Q ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK Ív‡b (eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k)| Avevi

e¨e‡”Q`| c„ôv- 47

wecixZ NUbvI †`Lv †Mj| c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi wKQz Rwg`v‡ii f~m¤úwËi GKUv Ask i‡q wM‡qwQj KzPwenv‡i GB Ask¸‡jv wb‡qB ˆZwi nj wQU| GB ai‡bi y‡Uv wQU P› ªLvbv I `vwmqviQov, GKwUi gvwjK evsjv‡`k Av‡iKwU fviZ| KzwoMÖvg †Rjvi dzjevwo Dc‡Rjvi AšÍM©Z `vwmqviQov fvi‡Zi wQUgnj| fviZxq mxgvšÍ †_‡K 2 wK‡jvwgUvi evsjv‡`‡ki Rwgb †c‡iv‡j `vwmqviQov| fviZxq GB wQ‡Ui †fZ‡i i‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki †QvU GK emwZ| bvg wQU P› ªLvbv| †jvKmsL¨v cÖvq 450|

¯‡`‡k cievmx †h Rb‡Mvôx KzwoMÖvg †Rjvi dzjevwo Dc‡Rjvi m`i BDwbq‡bi Zv‡`i emevm| weªwUk kvm‡bi Awfbe mxgvbv wPwýZKi‡Yi Kvi‡Y gvÎ 100 wgUv‡ii e¨eav‡b P› ªLvbv wQUgnjwU Ae ’vb Ki‡Q fvi‡Zi `vwmqviQov bvgK Aci GKwU wQ‡Ui g‡a¨| gvÎ wKQzw`b Av‡M ¯P‡ÿ †`‡L Avmv GB wQUgnj yÕwU wb‡q †h AwfÁZv Zv Ab¨vb¨ 160wU wQUgn‡ji mgm¨v‡KB cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|

†jLK: wkÿK, ivóª weÁvb wefvM, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq|

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