EDWIN LUTYENS

BORNMARCH 29, 1869LONDONDIEDJANUARY 1, 1944 (AGED 74)NATIONALITYUNITED KINGDOM

INTRODUCTION MAJOR WORKS

CONTRIBUTION IN REFORMING NEW DEHLI

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN

MARSH COURT INFERENCE REFERENCE

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, (29 March 1869 – 1

January 1944) was a major 20th century British architect.

He was born in London and grew up in Thorley, Surrey, the son of Charles Henry Augustus Lutyens and Mary Theresa Gallwey.

Lutyens studied architecture at South Kensington School of Art, London from 1885 to 1887.

Adapted traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era.

He has been referred to as "the greatest British architect”.

Instrumental role in designing and building a section of the metropolis of Delhi.

He was knighted in 1918 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy in 1921

In 1924, he was appointed a member of the newly created Royal Fine Art Commission, a position he held until his death.

n 1945, a year after his death, A Plan for the City & County of Kingston upon Hull was published. Lutyens worked on the plan with Sir Patrick Abercrombie and they are credited as its co-authors.

Lutyens was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) on 1 January 1930.

Few of his major works in Delhi were: -India Gate.

- Rashtrapati Bhavan.

MAJOR WORKS He contributed to India's new imperial capital,

dehli.-where he worked as chief architect with Herbert Baker and others. -here he added local architectural style to his classicism.

Lutyens was commissioned in 1929 to design a new Roman Catholic cathedral in Liverpool.

Before the end of World War I, he was appointed one of three principal architects for the Imperial War Graves Commission.

Was involved with the creation of many monuments to commemorate the dead. -Larger cemeteries have a Stone of Remembrance, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens.

HYD

ERABAD H

OU

SE

Designed the Hyderabad House for the last Nizam of Hyderabad, as his Delhi palace.

MARSH

COU

RT, IN H

AMPSH

IRE, EN

GLAN

D

Built between 1901 and 1905It is the last of his Tudor designs and was based on a variant of ancient rammed earth building techniques.chalk building.

MU

GH

AL WATER G

ARDEN

S.

He added elements of local architectural styles to his classicism, and based his urbanization scheme on Mughal water gardens.

  OVERSTRAN

D H

ALL AND

LE BOIS D

ES M

OU

TIERS

Initially, his designs were all Arts and Crafts style, a good example being Overstrand Hall Norfolk and Le Bois des Moutiers (1898) in France , but during the early 1900s his work became more classical in style.

OverstrandHall Norfolk

Le Bois des Moutiers

 WAR M

EMO

RIAL G

ARDEN

S IN D

UBLIN

Designed the War Memorial Gardens in Dublin, which were restored in the 1990s.

TOW

ER HILL M

EMO

RIAL

 Tower Hill memorial, (similar to his India Gate design) a memorial in Victoria Park in Leicester.

QU

EEN M

ARY'S DO

LLS' HO

USE

In 1924 he completed the supervision of the construction of what is perhaps his most popular design: Queen Mary's Dolls' House.

CENO

TAPH IN

 WH

ITEHALL AN

D

MEM

ORIAL TO

THE M

ISSING

The best known of these monuments are the Cenotaph in Whitehall, Westminster, and the Memorial to the Missing of the Somme,Thiepval.

Cenotaph in Whitehall, Westminster

Memorial to the Missing of the Somme,Thiepval.

St Jude's Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb

Ednaston Manor Mothercombe House, Plymouth

CONTRIBUTION IN REFORMING DELHI Delhi was largely designed by Lutyens over twenty or

so years (1912 to 1930), New Delhi Delhi was chosen to replace Calcutta as the seat of

the British Indian government in 1912; the project was completed in 1929 and officially inaugurated in 1931.

In undertaking this project, Lutyens invented his own new Order of classical architecture, which has become known as the "Delhi Order" and was used by him for several designs in England, such as Campion Hall, Oxford.

he was both inspired by and incorporated various features from the local and traditional Indian architecture-clearly seen in Viceroy's House, now Rashtrapati Bhavan.

JAIPUR COLUMN PARLIAMENT

RED FORT

INDIA GATE

Lutyens planned for the new city to lie southwest of the walled city of Shahjahanbad.

His plans for the city also laid out the street plan for New Delhi consisting of wide tree-lined avenues.

He designed the four bungalows in the Presidential Estate surrounding Rashtrapati Bhavan at Willingdon Crescent now known as Mother Teresa Crescent.

The new city contains both the Parliament buildings and government offices, was built distinctively of the local red sandstone using the traditional Mughal style.

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS

RASHTRAPATI BHAVANThe building was designed as the official residence of the Viceroy of India and is now the official residence of the President of India.Was known as Viceroy's House, now Rashtrapati Bhavan.

DESIG

N FEATU

RES

The front of the palace, on the east side, has twelve unevenly spaced columns with the Delhi order capitals. The dome is inspired by the Pantheon of Rome.Lutyens had designed with the idea that as the bells were silent the British rule would never come to an end.These capitals have a fusion of acanthus leaves with the four pendant Indian bellsThere were grilles made from red sandstone, called jalis or jaalis.

DESIGN FEATURES

Incorporates a private garden also designed by Lutyens.

Overall the structure is distinctly different from other contemporary British Colonial symbols

There were also statues of elephants and fountain sculptures of cobras in the gar of the retaining walls.

The lions symbolise Britain, as the lion was often used for this purpose.

There is also the presence of Mughal and European colonial architectural elements.

Circular stone basins on the top of the palace, as water features are an important part of Indian architecture.

There is also an open area in one room to the sky, which lets in much of the natural light.

Water features are also through the palace, such as near the Viceroy's stairs, which has eight marble lion statues spilling water into six basins.

The place where the new imperial city and the older native settlement met was intended to be a market; it was there that Lutyens imagined the Indian traders would participate in "the grand shopping centre for the residents of Shahjahanabad and New Delhi", thus giving rise to the D-shaped market seen today.

At the centre of the main part of the palace, underneath the main dome, is the Durbar Hall, which was known as the Throne Room during British rule when it had thrones for the Viceroy

SITE PLAN

Contains 340 rooms.Built on an area of some 330 acres (1.3 km²).The hall has a 2-ton chandelier which hangs from a 33-metre height. On each of the four corners of the hall is a room, including two state drawing rooms, a state supper room and the state library.

It is a sharp, thin, protruding element which extends out.

It stopsharsh sunlight from getting to the windows and also stops rain during a monsoon season.

TRADITIO

NAL IN

DIAN

CHU

JJA OR CH

HAJJA.

TRADITIO

NAL CH

UTTRIS

On the roofline were several chuttris, which helps to break up the look of the flat part of the roofline not covered by the dome.

MARSH COURTMarsh Court echoes something of the character of the client, Herbert Johnson, who was as an “adventurer, stockjobber, and sportsman” who made a fortune, lost it, and made another. The house, built between 1901 and 1904.

DESIG

N FEATU

RES

Develop his ideas around the ‘Tudor’ style house.Lutyens has perfected the balance of local materials through clever groupings of shapes and elevations, combined with contrasts in size and stone.The stark white stone is also softened through the introduction of slates, flint.Red-brick into the walls to create a mix of regular and irregular patterns such as on the west front which gives the impression of tiles sliding down the walls like rain to pool at the bottom.

DESIGN FEATURES The interiors are similarly impressive, with

grand, almost Baroque, plasterwork in the hallway, combined with the fine paneling elsewhere.

Lutyens’ skill could attempt and succeed with such an architectural fancy.

The change from two-storey on the north front to three on the south.

Created terraces which ease the house into the landscape.

PLAN

‘H-plan’, though without the south-east leg, and goes back to his earlier interest in historic English architecture.

INFERENCE From the above literature study, the design

elements, that the architect has adapted in his buildings are:

Used animal feature to define the period or situation.

Gardens and fountains or water bodies. Adapted local architecture in his style of

working. Had a very classical approach to his design. Had a natural interest in English architecture.