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Edward T. O'Neill, OCLC, Dublin, OHLois Mai Chan, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
ALA Annual 2004
FAST
A Faceted LCSH-Based Subject Vocabulary
FAST Team OCLC
Eric Childress, Becky Dean, Anya Dyer, Kerre Kammerer, Ed O’Neill,
Diane Vizine-Goetz
Library of Congress
Lynn El-Hoshy
ALAALCTS/SAC
Lois Mai Chan
Need for New Approach to Subject Vocabulary for Electronic Resources
Phenomenal growth of electronic resources,
Emergence of numerous metadata schemes,
Need for a new approach to subject access,
OCLC’s search for a subject access system for Dublin Core metadata records.
Schema Requirements
Simple in structure and syntax,
Usable by non-catalogers and in non-library environments,
Optimal access points,
Semantic interoperability to enable users to search across discipline boundaries,
Compatible with MARC, Dublin Core, and other popular metadata schemas,
Easy to maintain and amenable to automatic authority control and computer manipulation.
Options
Three basic choices in selecting an indexing/subject heading schema for Internet resources:Develop a new schema,
Use an existing schema(s),
Adapt or modify an existing schema.(cf. ALA/Subcommittee on Metadata and Subject Analysis(1997-2001)
http://www.ala.org/Content/ContentGroups/ALCTS1/Cataloging_and_Classification_Section/Committees3/Subject_Analysis/Metadata_and_Subject_Analysis/Subject_Data.htm)
Advantages of LCSH
Rich vocabulary covering all subject areas
Synonym and homograph control Extensive hierarchical and associative
references among terms De facto standard controlled vocabulary,
extensively used by libraries, contained in millions of bibliographic records.
Long and well-documented history, Strong institutional support of the Library
of Congress.
LCSH in the Electronic Environment
Syntax based on pre-coordination requires trained and skilled personnel
Does not lend itself to automatic indexing or authority control
Many pre-coordinated headings assigned to catalog records do not appear in the list
FAST schema
LCSH vocabulary
Simplified syntax
Designed for an online environment
A post-coordinated faceted vocabulary
Hierarchy is retained within facets
Retains the advantages of a controlled vocabulary
Eight Facets
Topical -Sailing—Safety---measures
Personal Names
Dewey, Melvil, 1851 -1931
Geographic
Florida—Orlando
Form (Genre)
Bibliography
Chronological
1939 - 1945
Corporate Names
American Library ---AssociationConference/MeetingsUniform Titles
Authority Records
FAST will use MARC 21 formats
The MARC 21 bibliographic and authority formats were revised to accommodate FAST by authorizing the x48 (Chronological) fields
Authority records will be created for all FAST headings except chronological— chronological authority record will be created only when required for references
Topical Headings
Secret service Urbanization Hospitals—Administration—Data processingCataloging—Analytical entry
Photoconductivity—MeasurementWoodwind trios (English horn, oboes (2)) Sailing—Safety measures
Topical Authority Record
001 1171252003 OCoLC
005 20021209141603.0 008 021209nneanz||babn n ana d 040 OCoLC $b eng $c OCoLC $f fast 150 Sailing $x Safety measures688 LC usage 7 (1999) 688 WC usage 25 (1999)
750 0 Sailing $0(DLC)sh 85116532
Geographic names will be established and applied in indirect order, [Florida—Orlando not Orlando (Florida)]
First level geographic names will be limited to names from the Geographic Area Codes table (e.g., Ohio, France, Great Lakes, etc.) Other names will be entered as subdivisions under the smallest first level name in which it is fully contained (Europe—Curzon Line)
Geographic Area Codes are included in all authority records for geographic names
FACET: GeographicFACET: Geographic
Geographic Headings
Great Lakes [nl]Germany [e-gx]Mars [zma]Japan—Tokyo Metropolitan Area [a-ja]Maryland—Worcester County [n-us-md]Slovenia—Maribor [e-xv]England—Chilton (Oxfordshire) [e-uk-en]India—Limbdi (Princely State) [a-ii]Califorina—San Francisco—Chinatown [n-us-ca]Alaska—Rowan Bay (Bay) [n-us-ak]
Geographic Authority Record
001 2130675003 OCoLC 005 20040512160245.0008 040512nneanz||babn n ana d 040 OCoLC $b eng $c OCoLC $f fast043 n-us-ak151 Alaska $z Rowan Bay (Bay)670 GNIS, Feb. 10, 2004 $b (Rowan Bay; bay;
7 mi. N of Tebenkof Bay, on W coast of Kuiu I., Alex. Arch.; Wrangell- Petersburg Census Area, Alaska; 56º40'02" N, 134ºp14'34" W; another Rowan Bay, pop. place in Wrangell-
Petersburg Census Area)751 0 Rowan Bay (Alaska : Bay)
$0 (DLC)sh2004005090
Form (Genre)
Case studiesAbstractsCensus RulesDictionariesFolkloreBibliography—Union listsPeriodicals Guidebooks
Form Authority Record
001 [unassigned]003 OCoLC
005 20040609141603.0 008 040609nneanz||babn n ana d 040 OCoLC $b eng $c OCoLC $f fast
155 Guidebooks 455 Guides 455 Identification 455 Outdoor books
688 LC usage 69,842 (2004) 688 WC usage 335,129 (2004)
785 0 Guidebooks $0 (DLC) sh 99001297
Personal and Corporate Names Headings for persons:
Woodward, BobDewey, Melvil, 1851-1931Kennedy familyEdward II, King of England, 1284-1327
Headings for corporate bodies:OCLCBayerische Motoren WerkeUnited States. Coast GuardBodleian Library
Chronological (Period)
FAST chronological headings consist of only a single date or a date range
Limited to a single chronological heading per bibliographic record
Authority records will only be established when needed for references or linkages
Headings consist of a starting and ending date but will be formatted for display:
1945 1942 – 1945 Since 1987 221 B.C. - 220 A.D. From 500 to 570 million years ago [Cambrian]
Chronological Events Subdivisions
In LCSH, it is common to include topical information in chronological ($y) subdivisions:
Buffalo (N.Y.) $x History $y Civil War, 1861-1865
Grenada $x History $y American Invasion, 1983
For these subdivisions, a FAST topical heading is also created:
American Invasion (Grenada, 1983)
Civil War (United States, 1861-1865)
Faceting of LCSHFaceting of LCSH
FA
ST
648 1775 - 1783650 American loyalists650 Revolution (United States, 1775-1783)650 Secret service650 Painters651 England651 United States651 Great Britain655 Biography655 History
650 American loyalists $z England.651 United States $x History $y Revolution, 1775-1783 $v
Biography.650 Secret service $z Great Britain.650 Painters $z United States.
LCS
H
Authority Control: FAST vs. LCSH
In LCSH, while many headings are established; most assigned headings are synthesized by catalogers based on rules
For FAST, all headings (except chronological) are established and only established headings can be assigned
LCSH Topical Coverage
Not established; Not used by
LC
Not established; Used by LC
Established
Valid But Not Established LCSH
Established Main heading/free-floating subdivision(s):Burns and scalds—Patients—Family relationshipsTravel—Early works to 1800
Free-floating phrase headingsWoodwind trios (English horn, oboes (2))
Geographic subdivisionsBanks and banking—United States
MultiplesUnited States. Navy—History—War of 1812
LCSH Pattern Subdivisions
Free-floating subdivisions controlled by pattern headings are one example of how an established heading can be expanded. The scope of patterns is limited to particular types (patterns) of headings.
Burns and scalds
$x Family relationships
$x Patients
By establishing the complete heading in FAST, the complexity of rules under which they were originally established is effectively hidden.
By establishing the complete heading in FAST, the complexity of rules under which they were originally established is effectively hidden.
Database: fast.oclc.org
Available as an OCLC SiteSearch database
The authority file is currently an alpha version—it is incomplete, contained known errors, and will be frequently updated and corrected
The database may be unavailable for extended periods
The current version of FAST is not yet sufficiently developed for use in any type of application; Beta version expected in July
Future Development Plans
Update and resynchronize all FAST headings with LCSH
Develop the conference/meetings facetDevelop the uniform titles facetExpand the geographic names based on
usage data
Add information from the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Revise and expand the form (genre) facet
Summary
LCSH Vocabulary
Faceted
Hierarchical
Fully established
Compatible with LCSH
LCSH Vocabulary
Faceted
Hierarchical
Fully established
Compatible with LCSH
