EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

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EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

By: Ludolf D. Nietes, RN, MAN (c)

Melody Gonzales

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Definition of Terms1. Educational Philosophy – refers to a

person’s beliefs and values about education and serves as the foundation for his/her practice of his/her profession.

2. Perennialism – a philosophy of education that focuses on teaching learners things considered to be lasting or enduring.

Source: The Teaching Profession 2nd edition by Bilbao et. al

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Definition of Terms3. Essentialism – a philosophy of education

whose primary aim is for the learners to learn the basic skills of reading, writing, arithmetic and right conduct.

4. Existentialism – a philosophy of education whose aim is to help students understand and appreciate themselves as unique individuals.


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Definition of Terms5. Progressivism – a philosophy of education

whose primary goal is to develop learners to become enlightened and intelligent citizens of a democratic society.

6. Behaviorism – a philosophy of education whose aim is to change the learners’ behavior by providing them a favorable environment.


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Definition of Terms7. Constructivism – a philosophy of

education whose goal is to equip the learners with learning skills for them to construct knowledge and make meaning of them.

8. Linguistic Philosophy – a philosophy of education whose goal is to develop the learners’ communication skills.


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Definition of Terms9. Christian Philosophy – a philosophy of

education whose goal is to impart Christ’s teachings to the learners.

10. Confucianism – a major system of thought in Chinese philosophy, developed from the teachings of Confucius and his disciples, and concerned with the principles of good conduct, statecraft, practical wisdom, and proper social relationships.

“Confucianism", Microsoft® Student 2009 [DVD]. Microsoft Corporation, 2008.

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PerennialismMan is a rational being.Schools must develop the students’ rational

and moral powers.A perennialist curriculum is a universal one

and is heavy on the humanities or general education.

Vocational and technical education are not given so much emphasis.


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PerennialismPerennialist teachers base their teachings

from the Great Books.Teacher-centered approach.Teachers do not allow students’ interests to

dictate what they teach.Socratic dialogues are used to understand

history’s most timeless concepts.


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EssentialismTeachers teach for learners to acquire basic

knowledge, skills and values.Teachers aim is to transmit the traditional

moral values and intellectual knowledge that students need to become model citizens.

Essentialist programs are academically rigorous.

Traditional disciplines are given emphasis.


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EssentialismEssentialist teachers scowl upon vocational

courses.Teacher-centered approach.Essentialist teachers give emphasis to

mastery of the subject matter.Essentialist teachers are autocratic.They rely on the use of prescribed

textbooks.


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ExistentialismJean Paul Sartre is the leading proponent

of this philosophy.To achieve an authentic human existence,

an individual must overcome the tendency to bad faith, recognize his or her own absolute freedom, and assume responsibility for any decisions made, unaided by society, traditional morality, or a belief in God.

"Sartre, Jean-Paul", Microsoft® Student 2009 [DVD]. Microsoft Corporation, 2008.

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ExistentialismFreedom and acceptance of personal

responsibility are the main values in life and that individuals must rely on their creative powers rather than on social or religious authority.

"Sartre, Jean-Paul", Microsoft® Student 2009 [DVD]. Microsoft Corporation, 2008.

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ExistentialismTo help students understand and appreciate

themselves as unique individuals who accept complete responsibility for their thoughts, feelings and actions is the primary goal of existentialist teachers.

Existentialist teachers demand the education of the whole person, not just the mind.


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ExistentialismStudents are given a wide variety of options

from which to choose.Existentialist curriculum puts high

emphasis on the humanities.Existentialist teachers focus upon the

actions of historical individuals, each of whom provides models for the students’ own behavior.


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ExistentialismVocational education is regarded more as a

means of teaching students about themselves rather than of earning a livelihood.

Student-centered approach.Existentialist teachers use values

clarification strategy in dealing with their students.


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ProgressivismTo develop learners into becoming

enlightened and intelligent citizens of a democratic society is the ultimate goal of progressivist teachers.

Progressivist teachers teach their students so they may live life fully today not to prepare them for adult life.


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ProgressivismStudent-centered approach.A progressivist curriculum responds to

students’ needs and relates to their personal lives and experiences.

Progressivist teachers accept that the only permanent thing in this world is change.

Natural and social sciences are given so much emphasis.


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ProgressivismTeachers expose their students to various

progress evident in one’s society.Teachers use experiential approach through

scientific method, field trips, thought-provoking games and puzzles to enhance students’ learning.


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BehaviorismBehaviorist teachers believe that man is a

product of his or her environment.Behaviorist teachers assert that learning

occurs whenever there is a change in their students’ behavior.

They teach their students how to respond positively to various stimuli in the environment.


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BehaviorismBehaviorist teachers really put emphasis on

the importance of environment on their students’ learning process.

They may employ reward and punishment to affect their students’ behavior.


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ConstructivismTeachers teach their students with learning

skills necessary for them to construct knowledge and make meaning of them.

Learning skills taught include researching, critiquing, reflecting, making meaning, drawing insights to name a few.

Constructivist teachers promote interaction.The teachers are facilitators.


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Linguistic PhilosophyThe goal of which is to develop the

communication skills of the learners.Teachers who use this philosophy of

education teach their students the skill on how to send and receive messages clearly and effectively.

Language and grammar are given so much emphasis.


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References:Books:

1. Bilbao, P.P. et. al. (2012). The Teaching Profession 2nd edition.

2. Duka, C.D. (2011). Reviewer for the Licensure Examination for Teachers 5th edition.

3. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Websites:

4. www.wikipedia.com

5. www.answers.com

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EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES