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Educational Integration Measures in Hungary
Dr. Judit Szilágyi
2007, Simferopol
Parliamentary Commissioner for the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities of the Republic Hungary
Ombudsmen
3 Commissioner,Parliamentary Commissioner for the Rights of
National and Ethnic Minorities,organ of the Parliament, independent, (accountable exclusively to the
Parliament)main activity is to conduct independent
investigations,acts upon complaints or ex officio.
Minorities in Hungary
historical, traditional presence
in Hungary only „indigenous” minorities are regarded as minorities
13 recognized minorities:Armenian,Bulgarian, Croatian, German,Greek, Polish,Roma, Romanian, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Ukrainian
Roma in Hungary
differs in many respects from that of other minorities figures: estimates go from 4-6% to 7-10% (400.000-1
million people),unemployment rate: approx. 40%,live under extremely poor living conditions,segregation,state of health: determined by social status and
poverty,educational qualifications are much lower then those
of the majority population,discrimination.
What should be done?
Hungarian Minority Act: provides cultural and linguistic minority rights, cultural autonomy
BUT: social problems and discrimination!
education and awareness-raising campaigns, tackle discrimination, prejudices and negative attitudes, promote good relations between the minority and the majority society,
general social-policy measures.
Segregation
One third of Roma children are affected of segregation:
selection between schools, segregation based on place of residence, selection within schools,special schools for children with a mental
disability, declaring Roma children as private students.
Reform I.
2002 the Education Ministry launched a program
Target: integrate disadvantaged and Roma pupils, eliminate and prevent school segregation,
discrimination, and in connection spread modern teaching methods
Changes:political, legal, financing and teaching methodology
Reform II.
Two new educational programs:skills development and integration preparation,
for which extra support in the form of supplementary grants was awarded,
and an institution offering professional assistance to modernize teaching methodology was also established (National Education Integration Network and Development Centre),
a new sphere of financial support for educational integration was also introduced: there were new application possibilities, and new scholarships.
Our investigation
ex officio, own-initiative investigation,already four comprehensive surveys in in the field of
education,2006: concerning the effectiveness of educational
integration measures,consisted of several phases: forum; in depth
interviews; conference; visited almost 30 schools and the local governments as maintainers
Target group
„multiply disadvantaged children”,= the use of social indicators and not ethnic
origin,diverse problems with ethnic data,suited to reach the real target group
Target schools
in Hungary only in elementary schools,needs to be extended to:
nurseries,secondary schools,schools not maintained by municipalities
the importance of catchments areas.
Educational integration measures
two new educational forms:skills developmentintegration preparation
heterogeneous class,additional grant from the central budget,obligation: integration strategy, pre-school
preparation, develop cooperation and partnership relations and apply numerous elements of a set of tools assisting teaching and learning.
Modern pedagogical methods
frontal teaching is not suitable,innovative pedagogical programme:
(cooperative learning, the project method and drama-pedagogical elements, etc.)
basic teacher training?
Multicultural elements
introduction of multicultural elements into the syllabus and teacher training is a basic condition of changing attitudes and avoiding “cold integration”,
Hungary: „every pupil has to become familiar with the cultures of minorities”,
Roma minority education.
Anti-discrimination trainings
a teacher with personal prejudices who has the appropriate methodological background will create only “cold integration”,
attitude-training courses also in the basic teacher training.
Organisational framework
background institution:
National Educational Integration Network and Development Centre:
„spreading”… and help…
(Roma) teaching assistants
Case study /Körösszakál/
Hungarian, Roma, Rumanian,a lot of failed initiatives,„inventing” the SCHOOL,new methods,„multiply disadvantaged children should be in the
school all day”,help by learning and entertainment,sport,educational integration affecting the whole village
„Recipe” of educational integration
a coherent governmental program,commitment and activity from the side of the
maintainer and from the school,methodological and attitude trainings, time,effective evaluation and monitoring mechanisms.
Thank You for your attention
Dr. Judit Szilá[email protected]