EDUCATION FOR PARENTS – SCHOOL OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION EDUCATION FOR PARENTS – SCHOOL...
57
EDUCATION FOR PARENTS – SCHOOL OF EDUCATION FOR PARENTS – SCHOOL OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION Lodz, 24 – 25 January 2005 Lodz, 24 – 25 January 2005 ANNUR FORMACIÓN CULTURA ANNUR FORMACIÓN CULTURA BADAJOZ BADAJOZ SPAIN SPAIN
EDUCATION FOR PARENTS – SCHOOL OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION EDUCATION FOR PARENTS – SCHOOL OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION Lodz, 24 – 25 January
EDUCATION FOR PARENTS SCHOOL OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION
EDUCATION FOR PARENTS SCHOOL OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Lodz, 24 25 January 2005 ANNUR FORMACIN CULTURA BADAJOZ SPAIN
Diapositiva 2
FAMILY What is a family? A FAMILY is a group of persons,
related among them and living together, according to the Royal
Academy of Spanish Languages dictionary Segn el diccionario de la
Real Academia de la Lengua Espaola: FAMILIA es un grupo de personas
emparentadas entre si que viven juntas.
Diapositiva 3
FAMILY TRADITIONAL MODEL Prevailing model of family and
marriage Prevailing model of family and marriage HUSBANDS AUTHORITY
HUSBANDS AUTHORITY over the WIFE over the WIFE IMBALANCE MAN-WOMAN
within couples IMBALANCE MAN-WOMAN within couples Women assume, in
a natural way, their condition: serving men, children and home care
FAMILY: basic cell in society Modelo de familia y de matrimonio que
predomina AUTORIDAD DEL ESPOSO por encima de la ESPOSA
DESEQUILIBRIO HOMBRE/MUJER en las relaciones de pareja La mujer
asume de forma natural su condicin: SERVIR AL HOMBRE y cuidado de
los hijos y del hogar FAMILIA, clula bsica de la sociedad
Diapositiva 4
FAMILY: PRESENT MODEL EQUAL RELATIONSHIPS: men women Balance in
taking decisions distribution of home responsibilities distribution
of time RELACIONES IGUALITARIAS, HOMBRE/MUJER Equilibrio en la toma
de decisiones Reparto de responsabilidades domsticas Distribucin
del tiempo
Diapositiva 5
Source: surveys to young (age: 15 at 29). INJUVE-2001 Who does
make the domestic tasks?
Diapositiva 6
FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESENT FAMILY Promote the socialization the
process in which people acquire some knowledgements, values,
models, symbols,..., since their childhood the way of acting and
feeling How? Potenciar la socializacin el proceso por el que las
personas desde su infancia van adquiriendo conocimientos, valores,
modelos, smbolos la manera de actuar y de sentir Cmo?
Diapositiva 7
Being an example and an incentive in order to implement a
system of social relationships about the values that constitute the
familiar environment: respect, justice, dialogue and love. Siendo
ejemplo y estmulo para implantar un sistema de relaciones sociales
sobre los valores que constituyen el clima familiar, es decir, el
respeto, la justicia, el dilogo y el amor.
Diapositiva 8
NEW MODELS OF FAMILY SPANISH FAMILIES deep changes from a MODEL
FAMILY to FAMILY MODELS FAMILIA ESPAOLA profundas transformaciones
de la FAMILIA MODELO a los MODELOS DE FAMILIA
Diapositiva 9
Source: National Institute of Statistic Reduction of multiple
and complex homes (different family units living together) Reduccin
de los hogares mltiples o complejos (cuando convivan distintos
ncleos familiares)
Diapositiva 10
Civil unions, not marriages. With adopted children. Advanced
aged parents. Parejas de hecho Con hijos adoptados Padres de edad
avanzada
Diapositiva 11
Reconstructed families: born from the union of parents with
children from previous unions. Familias reconstituidas: las nacidas
de la unin de padres con hijos de otros enlaces anteriores.
Diapositiva 12
Homoparental families: parents of the same gender. Monoparental
families. Homoparentales: padres del mismo sexo Monoparentales
Diapositiva 13
The existence of family pluralism in Spain (cohabitation,
single mothers, extramarital births, divorces, separations,
unipersonal and monoparental homes, etc.) has agreed with three
circumstances: La existencia del pluralismo familiar en Espaa
(cohabitacin, madres solteras, nacimientos extramatrimoniales,
divorcio, separacin, hogares unipersonales y monoparentales, etc.),
ha coincidido con tres circunstancias:
Diapositiva 14
Simultaneity: all of these models grow up very quickly and
simultaneously in the last two decades. Coincidence: with a rapid
and abrupt drop of marriages, that has been historically the main
procedure to create a family life. Demand of recognition for new
family models. Simultaneidad, todas stas modalidades crecen
aceleradamente al mismo tiempo en las dos ltimas dcadas.
Coincidencia con un descenso muy brusco y rpido de la nupcialidad,
que ha sido histricamente el principal procedimiento para crear la
vida familiar. La reivindicacin de legitimidad de las "nuevas
formas familiares".
Diapositiva 15
TRADITIONALISTS opinion The new family groups transmit less
values than traditional family Psychologists and pedagogues reply:
The transmission of educational values does not depend on the
family model, but on the social situation and parents way of being
Opinin de los TRADICIONALISTAS Los nuevos grupos familiares
transmiten MENOS valores que la familia tradicional RESPUESTA de
psiclogos y pedagogos la transmisin de valores educativos NO
DEPENDE del modelo de familia sino de la situacin social y la forma
de ser de los padres
Diapositiva 16
Relationships between parents and children Traditional
relationship Present relationship Authoritary parents: relationship
based on the obedience. Padres autoritarios: basan la relacin en la
obediencia Parents are more communicative with children. Padres ms
comunicativos con sus hijos Daughters received a different
treatment within the family unit. Los padres daban un trato
diferente a las hijas dentro del ncleo familiar Sons and daughters
has got the same consideration within the family unit. Los hijos y
las hijas tienen la misma consideracin dentro del ncleo
familiar
Diapositiva 17
Present model of education RESEARCH Survey to parents about
their childrens education Whose is the main responsibility of
educating following generations? 78% Family 7% Teachers 3%
Government In practice, some many families delegate it to teachers.
Padres encuestados sobre la educacin de sus hijos En quin recae la
principal responsabilidad de educar a la generacin siguiente? 78%
Familia 7% Profesores 3% Estado En la prctica muchas familias
delegan en los profesores. Source: The Spanish family faced with
childrens education. Fundacin La Caixa, 2001.
Diapositiva 18
Diapositiva 19
PARENTS: main responsible on their childrens education It is
fundamental to establish an active relationship among parents and
school To create that relationship there are associations of pupils
parents (AMPAs) LOS PADRES los primeros responsables de la educacin
de los hijos Es fundamental establecer una relacin activa entre los
padres y la escuela Para mejorar esa relacin existen las
Asociaciones de Padres y Madres de Alumnos (AMPAs)
Diapositiva 20
Some politicians have said that present youth is the best
prepared in our history We can add that it is also the worst
educated Algunos polticos han dicho que tenemos la juventud mejor
preparada de nuestra historia Quizs se pudiera aadir que la peor
educada Source: Iaki Iceta Olaizola, president of FEGUIAPA and
UFEPA (Diario Vasco, 2002, October, 06)
Diapositiva 21
Think of you being a child and a teenager: would you say that
your parents were worry about your education more than you are now
about your childrens? 54% More than my parents 38% The same 6% Less
than my parents Recordando su propia experiencia de cuando era nio
y despus adolescente. Ud dira que sus padres se ocuparon de su
educacin ms o menos de lo que Uds. dos se estn ocupando de su hijo?
54% piensa que se ocupa ms de la educacin 38% igual
Diapositiva 22
Diapositiva 23
Do you have any kind of tradition to be transmitted to your
children? 74% Yes 12% No 14% No answer Finalmente, el 74%
manifiesta que tiene algn tipo de tradicin que transmitir a sus
hijos 12% cree que no 14% NS/NC
Diapositiva 24
Those data change depending on parents level of studies less
education INSECURITY We talk about people who have got humble
social and cultural resources when facing their children education
and who think their social environment is superior than them. Este
dato cambia dependiendo del nivel de estudios de los padres Menor
formacin INSEGURIDAD Personas con recursos socioculturales modestos
de cara a la educacin de sus hijos en un medio social que piensan
que los supera
Diapositiva 25
Changes in the Spanish family, reasons: Political changes Civil
War Dictature of Franco End of the dictature and restoration of the
monarchy Transition to democracy Guerra civil. Dictadura de Franco.
Fin de la dictadura y restauracin de la monarqua. Transicin
democrtica: entrada en la Unin Europea (1986).
Diapositiva 26
Legal changes Divorce laws, 1981, July, 7 Abortion laws, 1985
Recognition of parejas de hecho Family and welfare benefits Ley de
Divorcio de 7 de julio de 1981. Ley del aborto, 1985 Aprobacin de
las parejas de hecho. Prestaciones familiares y asistenciales
Diapositiva 27
Source: National Institute od Statistic Economic changes
Economic recession after Spanish Civil War (1939-1955) From 1955 to
1965, increase thanks to the acceptance of Francos regime by other
countries: new investments and foreign trade. Establishment of new
basis for the present society Since 1975, incorporation to the new
society Recesin econmica durante la posguerra espaola: 1939-1955.
De 1955 a 1965 crecimiento debido a la aceptacin del rgimen
franquista por otros pases, gracias a la inversin y comercio
exterior. Se sientan las bases para la sociedad actual. De 1975 en
adelante incorporacin a la sociedad de consumo.
Diapositiva 28
Social changes Traditionally, women never worked out of home,
so they could take care of the family. Nowadays, they have reduced
the amount of time dedicated to home and children because of their
incorporation to the labour market Tradicionalmente la mujer no
trabajaba fuera de casa para poder dedicarse a la familia. En la
actualidad la mujer ha reducido el tiempo dedicado a la casa y a
los nios debido a su incorporacin al mercado laboral.
Diapositiva 29
Source: National Institute of Statistic Women with high level
of studies
Diapositiva 30
Source: surveys to young (age: 15 at 29). INJUVE-2001 Does a
mother that works have the same relationship with her children that
one that doesn't work?
Diapositiva 31
Fall in the birth-rate and reduction in the amount of members
in a family Fall in the mortality rate due to sanity and a better
education for health Desciende la natalidad y se produce una
reduccin del nmero de miembros en la familia. Reduccin de la
mortalidad debido a la sanidad y a una mayor educacin para la
salud.
Diapositiva 32
Source: National Institute Statistic Traditionally, most of
births happened within the marriage Nowadays, this rate keeps, but
the amount of extramarital births is increasing: 10% in 1991 but
21,4% in 2002 Tradicionalmente la mayor parte de los nacimientos se
daban en el seno del matrimonio. En la actualidad, esta situacin se
mantiene, pero el nmero de nacimientos fuera del matrimonio va en
aumento: ha pasado de ser un 10% en 1991 a duplicarse en el 2002
(21,4%)
Diapositiva 33
Source: survey to young (age: 15 at 29). INJUVE-2001 As for the
religion, you are: Practising catholic..12,5 % Barely practising
catholic 26,3 % No practising catholic ..31,3 % Believer of another
religion...2,6 % Non believer ..15,2 % Indifferent 11,3 % No answer
.0,8 %
Diapositiva 34
Freedom and equality have substituted traditional values such
as authority and obedience, while destroying the basis of
patriarchal family, making way to a new democratic family Equality
between men and women, as well as the increase of freedom for all,
have elevated the position of women and youth and brought Spanish
families closer to European levels of life and coexistence La
libertad y la igualdad han sustituido a los valores tradicionales
de la autoridad y obediencia, destruyendo las bases de la familia
patriarcal y dando paso a una nueva familia democrtica. La igualdad
entre los hombres y las mujeres, as como el aumento de libertad
para todos, ha elevado la posicin de las mujeres y de los jvenes y
ha acercado a las familias espaolas a los niveles de vida y de
convivencia europeos.
Diapositiva 35
Spanish family has to face with these main problems: Feeling of
invading childrens freedom while trying to orientate or correct
them Home violence: mistreatments to women and children School
failure and truancy Extended unemployment, stress El sentimiento de
invadir la libertad de los hijos al orientarles y corregirles.
Violencia domstica: maltrato a la mujer y a los hijos. Fracaso
escolar y absentismo. Desempleo prolongado. Estrs.
Diapositiva 36
Problems within the couple Problems while communicating with
children Sex education Drugs, alcohol Anorexia Problemas de pareja.
Problemas de comunicacin con los hijos. La educacin sexual. La
droga. La anorexia.
Diapositiva 37
Family failure becomes apparent through: Fights, arguments,
continuous humiliations Sufferings of every member Physical and/or
sexual mistreatments to women or children Desertion, lack of
interest about children Pampering and overprotection Peleas,
discusiones y humillaciones continuas. Sufrimiento de todos los
miembros. Maltrato fsico y / o sexual a la mujer o a los hijos.
Abandono o desinters por los hijos. Mimo y sobreproteccin.
Diapositiva 38
Envy and jealousy Adults irresponsibility Bad example of
parents consumer of alcohol or drugs Egoism Lack of mutual support
in difficulties Celos y envidia. Irresponsabilidad de los adultos.
Mal ejemplo de los padres o madres que beben o consumen droga.
Egosmo. Falta de apoyo recproco en las dificultades.
Diapositiva 39
What to do? Dialogues: search agreements within the couple
Support children Teach to face with problems without violence
Insist on children to keep on studying or working Help children to
find and choose right friends Teach to enjoy positively Buscar
acuerdos con la pareja: dilogo. Apoyar a los hijos. Ensear a
afrontar los problemas (sin violencia). Insistir para que los hijos
sigan estudiando o trabajando. Ayudar a los hijos a escoger buenos
amigos. Ensear a divertirse positivamente.
Diapositiva 40
PRESENT MODEL OF EDUCATION IN SPAIN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION Age:
0-6 years old Kind of education: voluntary Consists of two parts:
from 0 to 3 years old, and from 3 to 6. The aim of this educational
stage is favour childrens physical and personal development, and to
compensate the inequalities existing among them. Se compone de dos
ciclos: de 0 a 3 aos y de 3 a 6 aos La finalidad de esta etapa
educativa es favorecer el desarrollo fsico y personal de los nios y
nias y compensar las desigualdades que por diversas razones
existan.
Diapositiva 41
PRIMARY EDUCATION Age: 6-12 years old Kind of education:
compulsory Duration: six academic years, divided in three stages of
two years each one. This is the first compulsory stage within the
Spanish educational system, so every 6 year-old child must attend
the school, even if he or she has not done the Preschool Education
Esta es la primera etapa obligatoria del sistema educativo por lo
que deben incorporarse a ella todos los nios de 6 aos
independientemente de si han realizado o no la Educacin
Infantil
Diapositiva 42
SECONDARY SCHOOL Age: 12-16 years old Kind of education:
compulsory Duration: four academic years, divided in two stages of
two years each one. When the pupil has satisfactorily finished the
compulsory education and got the Diploma, has two chances: Access
to the labour market Increase the education through post-compulsory
studies: High School or professional training of medium level.
Cuando el alumno finaliza satisfactoriamente su escolarizacin
obligatoria y lo acredita con el ttulo de graduado, tiene dos
opciones: Acceder al mercado de trabajo o ampliar su formacin
mediante estudios postobligatorios: bachillerato o formacin
profesional de grado medio
Diapositiva 43
HIGH SCHOOL Age: 16-18 years old Kind of education: voluntary
Duration: two academic years. Organized into five different
modalities: Arts, Sciences of Nature and Health, Humanities, Social
Sciences and Scientific and Technological. High School should
permit to acquire a human and intellectual maturity, as well as
enough knowledge and habilities in order to develop the different
social functions with responsibility and competency, giving access
to the pupil to the high professional training or university
studies. Se organiza en cinco modalidades: artes, ciencias de la
naturaleza y de la salud, humanidades, ciencias sociales, y
cientfico y tecnolgico. El Bachillerato debe permitir adquirir
tanto una madurez intelectual y humana como los conocimientos y
habilidades para desarrollar funciones sociales con responsabilidad
y competencia, da acceso al alumno a la formacin profesional de
grado superior y a los estudios universitarios.
Diapositiva 44
Preventive education Some violent behaviours, xenophobe or
intolerant demonstrations, can be related to educational lacks.
limited education in some periods of the child/teenager family and
school must educate together during the Preschool period Avoiding
conducts of social risk, the most effective way is the PREVENTIVE
EDUCATION Algunos comportamientos violentos, manifestaciones
xenfobas, intolerantes...pueden estar relacionadas con carencias
educativas Escasa formacin en ciertas etapas del desarrollo del nio
o del adolescente La familia y la escuela tienen que educar en la
etapa infantil Para evitar conductas de riesgo social, la va ms
efectiva es la EDUCACIN PREVENTIVA.
Diapositiva 45
Education is a continuous process, so preventive education
should begin in the preschool period and be present during the
whole life La educacin es un proceso continuo, por ello, la
EDUCACIN PREVENTIVA DEBE COMENZAR EN LA ETAPA INFANTIL y DURANTE
TODA LA VIDA
Diapositiva 46
Preventive education wants to: Prevent social problems through
different programs and strategies Promote the reflexion and social
debate To make people sensitive to the importance of having an
education, in order to prevent further difficulties Prevenir
problemas de ndole social a travs de distintos programas y
estrategias. Fomentar el debate social y la reflexin. Sensibilizar
a la poblacin de la importancia que tiene una educacin para
prevenir futuras dificultades.
Diapositiva 47
So, we should... Implement several activities, integrating all
the members from the different competence areas (science, culture,
education...) Adapt contents, making them arrive to the destiny:
young people Advise to the most vulnerable and those exposed to
risks, providing some information to reduce them Schools of parents
should fulfil an important task within this preventive work Hay que
llevar a cabo actividades constantes, integrando tambin a todos los
miembros de los mbitos de competencia (educacin, ciencia,
cultura...). Adaptar los contenidos para que lleguen a los
destinatarios: los jvenes. Asesorar a los ms vulnerables y
expuestos a los riegos suministrndoles informacin para reducirlos.
Las ESCUELAS DE PADRES pueden cumplir una funcin importante en esta
labor preventiva
Diapositiva 48
The ideal image of a father or a mother Ministry of Education
created a slogan saying PREPARED PARENTS = WINNER CHILDREN Parents
must be aware of the meaning of the word education, to educate. The
best educator is not the one who spends more time with children,
but the one who establish a best relationship with them. Parents
who know how to educate in a positive way, strengthening attitudes,
behaviours, showing satisfaction. Un slogan del Ministerio de
Educacin deca: PADRES PREPARADOS = HIJOS VENCEDORES Padres
conscientes del significado de la palabra educacin, educar. No
educa ms el que ms tiempo pasa con sus hijos, sino el que mejor
relacin establece con ellos. Padres que sepan educar positivamente:
reforzando actitudes, comportamientos, demostrando satisfaccin
Diapositiva 49
Parents who know how to educate within communication,
tolerance, respect, honesty, how to transmit positive values.
Parents who communicate among themselves reasoning Parents who
educate their children individually, according to their
personality, character, way of being. Padres que sepan educar en la
comunicacin, tolerancia, respeto, honestidad, sinceridad, que en
definitiva sepan transmitir valores positivos Padres que se
comuniquen razonando Padres que eduquen individualmente a sus
hijos, en funcin de su personalidad, su carcter, su forma de
ser.
Diapositiva 50
Parents who have got certain psychological habilities in order
to treat with their children and their problems. Parents who
delegate responsibilities to their children and take into account
their opinions. Padres que tengan ciertas habilidades psicolgicas a
la hora de tratar a sus hijos y sus problemas. Padres que deleguen
responsabilidades en sus hijos y que tengan en cuenta sus
opiniones.
Diapositiva 51
Workshop It is a method based on an opened and dynamic
methodology in which participants meet in groups in order to debate
and express opinions about a topic. All the members in the workshop
and the director work together to determinate the direction of the
meetings, according to the groups needs. Es un mtodo basado en una
metodologa abierta y dinmica en la que los participantes se renen
en grupos para debatir y expresar puntos de vista sobre el tema a
tratar. Los miembros del taller y su director trabajan juntos para
determinar la direccin que tomarn las sesiones basndose en las
necesidades del grupo.
Diapositiva 52
ADVANTAGES OF THIS METHODOLOGY It allows the participant to
explore some ideas, designing then the sequence to be followed. The
participant gets more involved in the training process because it
is needed his collaboration, so there will be a higher motivation.
The instructor, more than a communicator of knowledge, is a guide
of learning experiences. Permite al participante explorar ideas, a
partir de ah se disea cuidadosamente la secuencia a seguir El
participante se implica ms en el proceso formativo ya que se
requiere su colaboracin, lo que conlleva una mayor motivacin El
instructor, ms que un comunicador de conocimientos, es un gua en
las experiencias de aprendizaje
Diapositiva 53
Own methods to be used: Interviews Talks and debates with the
parents participating in the project Talks and debates with the
teachers participating in the project Workshops Studies on the
bibliography that has been published about the topic Studies on the
existing schools of parents and their programs Entrevistas Charlas
y debates con los padres que participen en el proyecto Charlas y
debates con los profesores que participen en el proyecto Worshops
Estudio de la bibliografa publicada sobre el tema Estudio de las
Escuelas de padres existentes y de sus programas
Diapositiva 54
Bibliography HERNNDEZ BERMEJO, M Angeles: La familia extremea
en los tiempos modernos. Editorial Coleccin Historia n 8.
Departamento de Publicaciones de la Diputacin de Badajoz. Badajoz.
1990. CARROBLES, Jos Antonio y PREZ-PAREJA, Javier: Escuela de
Padres. Gua prctica para evitar problemas de conducta y mejorar el
desarrollo infantil. Ediciones Pirmide. 2000. EDUCA, NO PEGUES.
Editado por la Oficina del Defensor del Menor en la Comunidad de
Madrid. Madrid. 2003.
Diapositiva 55
LACASA, Pilar: Familias y Escuelas. Caminos de la orientacin
educativa. Visor, S.A. 1997. LPEZ-BARAJAS ZAYAS, Emilio: La familia
en el tercer milenio. Universidad Nacional de Educacin a Distancia.
Madrid. 1995. MARTNEZ MUIZ, B: La familia ante el fracaso escolar.
Narcea, S.A. De Ediciones, Madrid. 1981.
Diapositiva 56
S. REHER, David: La familia en Espaa, pasado y presente.
Alianza Universidad. Madrid. 1996. VELZQUEZ, Manuel y LOSCERTALES,
Felicidad: Escuela de Padres. Manual Prctico. Ediciones Alfar.
Sevilla. 1987. Sondeo de opinin: Relaciones familiares, ocio y
tiempo libre, Igualdad hombre-mujer. INJUVE 2001