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109
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018
03
Education and Learning
110
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
3.1 Introduction
CORK AS A LEARNING CITY
Cork was recognised by UNESCO as one of the leading Learning Cities in the world when the
UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning selected the city in 2015 as one of the first 12 cities
(of just three in Europe) to achieve a Learning City Award. The strength of Cork as a Learning
City was further recognised by UNESCO selecting the city to host its 3rd International
Conference on Learning Cities, following previous conferences in Beijing and Mexico. These
decisions were primarily based on a UNESCO case study55 on Cork undertaken in 2015 that
highlighted the city’s good practice in lifelong learning, and featured the Cork Lifelong Learning
Festival as an example of best practice worldwide. These two decisions by UNESCO represent
significant milestones in the city’s development as a globally connected City of Learning, and
build on the strong educational history of the city, and its well-developed learning infrastructure.
This infrastructure provides significant access and learning opportunities to the population of the
city and surrounding region, as well as direct and secondary employment in educational settings.
The city has two third level colleges: University College Cork (UCC) and Cork Institute of
Technology (CIT). Under the Cork Education and Training Board the city has three of the five
largest colleges of further education in the country, including the largest (Cork College of
Commerce) and Cork Training Centre, formerly a FÁS training centre; the latter provides a
wide range of full and part-time training programmes geared at industry. In addition to a well-
developed ‘ecosystem’56 providing formal education including at early years, primary and
secondary levels, there are many opportunities for second-chance education and both formal
and informal programmes, plus initiatives aimed at tackling educational disadvantage.57
CORK LEARNING CITY POLICY
Developing Cork as a City of Learning was one of just seven high level goals in the Cork City
Development Board Plan ‘Imagine our Future’ 2002-2012. In 2014 Cork City Council adopted the
UNESCO Beijing Declaration on Building Learning Cities58 and in 2015 signed an MOU with Cork
Education and Training Board, CIT and UCC to commit to working together to implement this
declaration. This was the result of Cork being among the first 12 cities worldwide to achieve
the UNESCO Learning City Award. UNESCO defines a Learning City as one which demonstrates
55 - Unlocking the Potential of Urban communities: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning.
56 - Cork Learning City; Past, Present and Exploring Our Future: Cork City Council 2017.
57 - Unlocking the Potential of Urban communities: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning.
58 - This Declaration aims to Promote Inclusion, Prosperity and Sustainabil-ity in Cities.
111
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
its commitment to maximising lifelong learning opportunities for its citizens.59 In 2016 Cork
City Council adopted the UNESCO Mexico Statement on Sustainable Learning Cities and in
September 2017 Cork hosted the 3rd UNESCO International Conference on Learning Cities.
This event generated the UNESCO Cork Call to Action on Learning Cities which was
subsequently adopted by Cork City Council. In addition to the Cork Learning City Strategic Plan,
The City Development Plan and the Local Economic and Community Plan are among recent
strategic documents which include objectives and actions relating to Learning and Education.
CORK LIFELONG LEARNING FESTIVAL
In 2018 Cork held the 15th annual Lifelong Learning Festival which offers hundreds of free
and accessible learning events over a week each Spring. The festival showcases and
celebrates learning for all ages, interests and abilities, in numerous locations across the city.
The Cork Lifelong Learning Festival which started in 2004 with 67 organised events has grown
steadily and featured 336 separate events (many repeated during festival week) in 2018.
The festival is about promoting learning activities for the whole community. The events are
all free and hosted by participating organisations and groups, taking place across the city.
Figure 26 illustrates how the Festival has grown in scale since 2004. Festival events (Figure
27) are across a very broad range, from cultural to creative, scientific to sporting, with events
delivered through exhibitions, performances, classes, workshops and lectures hosted by
centres, businesses, individuals and organisations of all kinds. Venues range from Hollyhill
Library, College of Commerce, CIT Cork School of Music, Knocknaheeny Youth Centre, CIT, UCC
to workplaces and factories. The following chart illustrates the scale of growth of the Lifelong
Learning Festival and indicates the type of organisations involved in delivering activities.
59 - http://www.corkcity.ie/learningcity/.
Figure 26: TYPES OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES TAKING PLACE IN CORK CITY FOR LIFELONG LEARNING FESTIVALS SINCE 2004 (SOURCE: CORK CITY COUNCIL)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Learning City
Disability Organisation
Youth Work
Community Education
Language schools
School
Sports Clubs
Public Service
Cork City Partnership CIT
Community Health
Community ArtsUCC
Private Sector
CETB
Community & Voluntary
Libraries
2004
2016
2018
Types of Learning Activities for Lifelong Learning Festivals Cork City since 2004
112
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
LEARNING NEIGHBOURHOODS
Learning Neighbourhoods60 is an initiative which aims to take the learning city concept
to the neighbourhood level. It facilitates local learning organisations and networks of all
kinds to develop and showcase learning opportunities. In Cork the definition of a Learning
Neighbourhood is an area that has an ongoing commitment to learning, providing inclusive and
diverse learning opportunities for whole communities through partnership and collaboration.
In 2017 there were four Learning Neighbourhoods in Cork: Ballyphehane, Knocknaheeny,
Mayfield and Togher, and other areas plan to join in the future. Although each of these
neighbourhoods faces educational and social disadvantage, they also have active community
and education organisations and networks which are open to furthering learning opportunities
for all citizens. Through consultation with residents a range of learning activities are organised
throughout the year and during the Lifelong Learning Festival in these neighbourhoods. In the
past these activities have included exhibitions, workshops, creative projects, and free lectures
from third level lecturers on topics such as how to reliably access health information on the
internet, information about local history, healthy eating and healthy ageing.
Figure 27: TYPES OF LIFELONG LEARNING FESTIVAL EVENTS (SOURCE: CORK CITY COUNCIL)
60 - http://www.corkcity.ie/learningcity/learningneighbourhoods.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Current affairs/Politics
Photography
Culture
Theatre / Drama
Food & Nutrition
Uncategorised
Literature & Literacy
Language
Business & Finance
Lifelong Learning
Enviroment
Science & Technology
Music
Exercise
Health & Wellb
eing
History & Geneaology
Creative
TYPES OF LIFELONG LEARNING FESTIVAL EVENTS
2004
2016
2018
Types of Lifelong Learning Festival Events Cork City since 2004
113
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
FORMAL EDUCATION
Primary Education
In 2018 there are 49 Department of Education and Skills (DES) recognised and funded primary
schools in Cork City. Of these, three are Church of Ireland, two are Multi-Denominational61 and
44 are Catholic. Enrolment numbers in Cork City primary schools have been decreasing since
2010. From 2010 to 2018 enrolment has fallen by 281 and currently stands at 12,802 students.62
Post Primary Education
In 2018 there are 27 Post Primary schools, recognised and funded by the Department of
Education and Skills, in Cork City. Of these, one is Church of Ireland (mixed), seven are Inter-
denominational (mixed),63 one is multi-denominational (mixed) and 17 are Catholic (one mixed).
Of the 27 schools, 12 are designated as DEIS (Delivering Equality of Opportunity In Schools)64
by the Department of Education and Skills and are mainly located in RAPID areas and/or on
the north side of Cork City.
Enrolment in Cork City secondary schools is following a similar trend to the primary schools,
numbers are falling. Between 2010 and 2016, Post Primary Student numbers in the city
decreased by 537 (15,450 students in 2010 and 14,913 in 2016).65
Demographic changes in the school-going age group in Cork City from 2006 to 2016 may
explain falling numbers. In 2006 there were 12,457 5-14 year olds, in 2011 there were 11,455
and in 2016 there were 11,635; an overall decrease in this 10 year period of 822. Although there
was an 8% decrease in this age group between 2006 and 2011, there was, albeit marginal
(1.6%), an increase in numbers between 2011 and 2016.
The age category of 0-4 year olds shows consistent increases from 5,707 in 2006 to 6,042
in 2011 to 6,305 in 2016, which should lead to an increase in enrolments.
BENEFITS OF EDUCATION
Education promotes an overall better quality of life, including healthier behaviours through
informed choice, thus reducing the need for healthcare. This positively impacts on dependence
costs, earnings potential, personal and community well-being and reduces suffering.66
61 - A multi-denominational school does not teach a particular faith or creed but facilitates any group of parents to organise religious instruction for their children outside the main school programme.
62 - Figures for the 2017/2018 academic year are ‘Provisional’. https://www.education.ie/en/Publications/Statis-tics/Data-on-Individual-Schools/.
63 - Interdenominational religious education gives equal status to both Catholic and Protestant faiths and traditions. The programme is based on the Religious Education Pro-grammes laid down by the Catholic Archbishop of Dublin and the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin and Glendalough.
64 - Launched in 2005 by the Department of Education and Skills, DEIS (De-livering Equality of Opportunity in Schools) is the most recent national programme aimed at addressing the educational needs of children and young people from disadvantaged communities. https://www.educa-tion.ie/.../Schools.../DEIS.
65 - Until 2016 ‘Post Leaving Certificate Course’ (PLC) numbers were included in total ‘Secondary school’ numbers. In 2017, numbers of students partic-ipating in PLC’s were not included in ‘Secondary school’ numbers. In 2017, 3,704 students participated in PLCs in Cork City and there were 11,294 Secondary school students.
66 - http://www.oecd.org/education/in-novation-education/37425753.pdf.
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CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT
Education is an investment in future earnings potential with a ‘premium’ associated with Higher
Education attainment. OECD data for Ireland in 2012 indicates that when using upper-secondary
and post-secondary non-tertiary education as a benchmark (ages 25-64), third level graduates
earned 75% more. The research also found that those with lower secondary education or lower,
earned an average of 16% less than the benchmark of those with upper-secondary and post-
secondary non-tertiary education.67 In practical terms, if the benchmark is €30,000, a third level
graduate will earn €52,500 and a person educated to lower secondary level will earn €25,200.68
As well as greater earning potential, people with higher education are more likely to work in a safe,
fulfilling and subjectively rewarding job,69 aspects of work that also impact on one’s health.
EDUCATION AND HEALTH
Just as there is a relationship between education level and income, education level may also impact
social outcomes such as Health and Social Cohesion70 by helping people to use information and
access services which can improve their health. There is a strong positive relationship between
education and health outcomes. Evidence indicates that people with low education levels were more
likely to report functional limitations and poorer general health.71 Associations have been found
between low education and increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease, stroke, lung cancer
and infectious diseases. Level of education is also shown to impact in different ways at different life
stages; impacting the mental health of young people and the physical functioning of older people.72
Conversely, higher education is correlated with healthy habits such as more physical activity,
better diet and less smoking.
Evidence shows that being physically active is one of the best ways to maintain and improve
health and studies in the UK and Ireland indicate that those with an education level of upper
secondary or higher were more likely to participate in regular exercise. Higher education level
has been shown to positively affect safe sex practices, substance use and knowledge of health
conditions and treatments. Conversely, lower education levels are correlated with low ‘Health
Literacy’ 73 which is associated with greater use of healthcare services, higher hospitalisation
rates and higher healthcare costs.
International evidence shows that those with a lower education level are more at risk of poorer
health throughout their lives and are more likely to die younger.
Research carried out by the OECD in 2013 suggested four social outcome measures which
are key indicators of individual and national well-being; self-reported health, volunteering,
interpersonal trust and political efficacy. The OECD research indicates a positive association
between higher education levels and high levels of these indicators.
Social benefits of education are not limited to education received in childhood or adolescence.
Participation in adult learning courses has also been shown to have a positive impact on
community participation74 and enhance social networks. Social networks can reduce the risk
of dying and foster positive mental health.75
.
67 - Education at a Glance, OECD Indica-tors, 2014.
68 - This is a ‘simple’ and ‘general’ calcu-lation. i.e. it does not account for pay differences associated with gender or third level field of study.
69 - Health impacts of Education, 2008.
70 - Education at a Glance, OECD Indica-tors, 2014.
71 - Health Impacts of Education, 2008.
72 - Health Impacts of Education, 2008.
73 - Health Literacy ‘the degree to which individuals have the capacity to ob-tain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions’ cited in health impacts of education, 2008.
74 - Feinstein L, Hammond C, Woods L, Preston J, Bynner J. The contribution of adult learning to social health cap-ital. Research report No. 8. London: Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning 2003. (Cited in Health Impacts of Education, 2008.
75 - Putnam RD. Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Shus-ter 2000. Cited in Health Impacts of Education, 2008)
115
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
3.2 Early School Leaving
76 - Health Impacts of Education, 2008.
77 - http://www.tusla.ie/uploads/content/Guidelines_on_identifying_young_people_at_risk_of_ESL.pdf.
AGE AT WHICH EDUCATION CEASED
Being employed is better for your health than being unemployed76 and the more years
of education a person has, the more likely they are to be employed.
A number of indicators77 increase the likelihood that a child will leave school early/have
low educational attainment. These include, (indicators taken separately or together):
children from low income families, with emotional/behavioural difficulties, whose parents
are unemployed, from single parent households, with a low school attendance rate and who
may have experienced a stressful life event.
The period 2006 to 2016 has seen a positive trend in terms of age and educational attainment
in Cork City. In 2006, more than one in 10 (11.8%) of Cork City’s population ceased their
education under the aged of 15. Since then, the proportion with such low education has been
decreasing. In 2011 it was 8.0% and in 2016 it fell to one in 20 (5.8%), at slightly lower than
that of the State’s rate of 5.9%. In 2016, both Cork City and the State had slightly higher
proportions of lower educated persons than Cork City and Suburbs (4.6%).
Considering EDs in Cork City in 2016, two stand out as having high proportions of lower
educated individuals. In Gurranebraher A, almost one in 4 people had ceased their education
before age 15 and in Gurranebraher E the ratio was 1:5. The following table shows the 5 EDs
with the highest proportions of those who ceased their education under the age of 15.
Comparing this data with the variable ‘unable to work due to permanent sickness or disability’
(Question 27 on the Census form), three of the above Electoral Divisions feature in the top five
EDs with the greatest proportions of those unable to work: Gurranebraher E, Gurranebraher
A and Fair Hill B (Table 71).
116
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
Table 70: Percentage of the Population Who Ceased Their Education Before Age 15, Cork City 2016 (Source: CSO)
2016 Cork City % of the population who ceased their education before age 15
Gurranebraher A 23.4%
Gurranebraher E 20.6%
Fair Hill B 16.7%
Fair Hill A 15.1%
Churchfield 14.5%
Table 71: EDs with the Highest and Lowest Proportions of Those Unable to Work Due to Permanent Sickness or Disability (Source: CSO)
2016 Highest: unable to work 2016 Lowest: unable to work
Gurranebraher E 12.7% Gillabbey C 0.7%
Knocknaheeny 12.7% Glasheen A 1.8%
Gurranebraher A 12.6% Glasheen B 2.0%
Fair Hill B 11.4% Browningstown 2.0%
Mayfield 11.1% Mardyke 2.1%
117
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
3.3 Education Levels and Perception of Health
78 - Further data regarding perception of health and low educational at-tainment is presented in the ‘Health Outcomes’ chapter.
79 - 6 April 2016, 7 April: Eurostat Press Release: World Health Day, almost three-quarters of people aged 25 to 64 in the EU feel healthy, Education level plays a role.
For Cork City, Cork City and Suburbs and the State in 2016 the highest education level for the
majority of the population, female and male, was ‘Upper Secondary’ (17.5%, 18.1% and 18.5%
respectively). An education level of lower secondary or lower, including early school leavers
is a cause for concern. For each of the three ‘lower’ education levels, ‘no formal’, ‘primary’ and
‘lower secondary’ Cork City has the highest proportion in each category. 29.6% of Cork City’s
population’s highest education level is Lower Secondary. This figure is 27.0% for the State a
nd 25.2% for the City and Suburbs.
Table 72 shows those EDs with the highest proportions of highest education level as primary
or less and those EDs with the highest proportions who rate their health poorly in 2016. Results
suggest an association between low education attainment and poor health perception. Four
EDs, Fair Hill B, Fair Hill A, Gurranebraher C and Gurranebraher B feature in the top five of each
variable. Although not tabulated here, Togher B has a high proportion of lower educated persons
and Gurranebraher A has a high proportion of people who rate their health poorly.78
Compared to other EU countries, Ireland has scored well on ‘perception of health.’ In 2014
Ireland had the second highest proportion (84.2%) of 25-64 year olds who felt their health
was very good or good.79
Table 72: EDs with the Highest Proportions of Their Populations with Fair, Bad or Very Bad General Health Compared with EDs with the Highest Proportions of Their Populations Aged 15+ Whose Highest Level of Education is Primary or Less, 2016 (Source: CSO)
EDs with highest proportions of their populations with Fair, Bad or Very Bad General Health, 2016
EDs with highest proportions of their populations aged 15+ whose Highest Level of Education is Primary or Less, 2016
Cork City EDs % Cork City EDs %
Fair Hill B 22.1% Fair Hill B 37.1%
Gurranebraher C 21.7% Fair Hill A 29.3%
Gurranebraher B 20.2% Gurranebraher A 29.3%
Fair Hill A 20.2% Gurranebraher C 28.8%
Togher B 19.5% Gurranebraher B 28.3%
118
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
3.4 Level of Education
The education levels of the populations of Cork City, the City
and Suburbs and the State in 2016 are similar. Cork City has
the highest proportions whose highest education level is
lower secondary;. for all other education levels, apart from
‘Postgraduate Diploma or Degree’ and ‘Doctorate (PhD or
higher)’, Cork City has lower proportions.
Cork has two third level education institutes, it therefore
follows that the city has relatively high proportions of highly
educated persons, who learn and teach in these institutes.
HIGHEST EDUCATION LEVEL80
In 2016 the proportion of the population in Cork City whose
highest level of education was primary was 13.6% while
across the State it was 12.5%. In Cork City in 2006, primary
was the highest level for 19.5%, dropping to 16.5% by 2011
and to 13.6% by 2016.
Figure 29 shows the highest concentrations of those whose
highest education level is primary or less in 2016 were found
in the RAPID areas of Knocknaheeny, Blackpool and Togher.
In 2016 primary level education was the highest level
for over one in three people (37.1%) living in Fair Hill B,
an improvement over the 2011 rate of 42.2% (Table 73).
Fair Hill B was also the ED with the highest proportion of
those who ranked their health as ‘fair’ and had the highest
proportion of older people. A number of the same EDs , Fair
Hill A, Gurranebraher B, and Gurranebraher C, featured high
proportions of those who rated their health poorly and had
low educational attainment, indicating a likely association
between their education and how healthy they felt.
Figure 28: HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION, CORK CITY AND THE STATE (BY GENDER), 2016 (SOURCE: CSO)
80 - Population were asked about ‘High-est level of education completed’ on the census form. Categories of answer for 2011 and 2016 are the same but some 2006 answer cate-gories differ from those of 2011 and 2016. For this reason, not all answer categories for ‘Highest education levels’ for the three censuses are comparable.
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
No Formal E
ducation
Primary Education
Lower Secondary
Upper Secondary
Technical or V
ocational qualifi
cation
Advanced Certificate/Completed Apprenticeship
Higher Certificate
Ordinary Bachelor D
egree or N
ational D
iploma
Honours Bachelor Degree Professional q
ualificatio
n or both
Postgraduate Diploma or Degree
Doctorate(Ph.D) o
r higher
Not stated
Highest Level of Education, 2016
Cork City Males State Males Cork City Females State Females
Highest Level of Education (By Gender) Cork City and the State, 2016
119
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
Togher
Mahon
Blackpool/The GlenMayfield
Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/
Churchfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/
Farranree
Source: Esri, HERE, Garmin, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community
PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION AGED 15+ WHOSE HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION IS PRIMARY LEVEL OR LESS, 2016 ±
0 1 20.5
Kilometers
% Population by ED
Cork City Boundary
Rapid Areas
Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/Churchfield
Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/Farranree
Mahon
Togher
Less than 7%
7% to 14%
14% to 21%
21% to 28%
Greater than 28%
Figure 29: PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION AGED 15+ WHOSE HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION IS PRIMARY LEVEL OR LESS, 2016 (SOURCE: CSO)
Table 73: Highest Level of Education is Primary or Less, EDs with the Highest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Fair Hill A 42.8% Fair Hill B 42.2% Fair Hill B 37.1%
Churchfield 42.1% Farranferris B 38.9% Fair Hill A 29.3%
Farranferris B 41.0% Gurranebraher A 38.2% Gurranebraher A 29.3%
Togher B 40.0% Gurranebraher E 33.9% Gurranebraher C 28.8%
Fair Hill B 39.5% Farranferris C 33.9% Gurranebraher B 28.3%
Table 74: Highest Level of Education is Primary School or Less, EDs with the Lowest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Centre A 4.0% Browningstown 4.1% Centre A 2.9%
Bishopstown D 5.0% Tramore B 4.6% Tramore B 3.5%
Tramore B 5.8% Knockrea A 4.6% Knockrea B 3.7%
Mardyke 6.1% Tramore A 4.9% Bishopstown D 3.8%
Browningstown 6.3% Bishopstown D 5.0% Browningstown 3.8%
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CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
Table 75: Highest Level of Education is Lower Secondary, EDs with Highest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Fair Hill C 34.9% Togher B 29.2% Gurranebraher A 27.8%
Knocknaheeny 32.4% Fair Hill C 29.2% Ballyphehane B 27.7%
Ballyphehane B 31.3% Pouladuff B 29.1% Gurranebraher E 26.8%
Pouladuff B 31.0% Pouladuff A 29.1% Farranferris B 26.7%
Churchfield 30.4% Mayfield 28.6% The Glen A 26.5%
Table 76: Highest Level of Education is Lower Secondary, EDs with The Lowest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
St. Patrick's B 8.8% Tramore A 5.5% Mardyke 8.5%
South Gate A 8.8% Knockrea B 6.1% Centre A 9.7%
Centre A 9.5% Centre A 6.9% South Gate A 10.5%
Knockrea A 9.6% Centre B 7.4% Knockrea B 10.6%
Mardyke 10.0% Mardyke 7.9% Centre B 11.2%
POPULATION WITH LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION
‘Lower secondary’ and ‘primary or less’ provide results of early school leaving, which is
associated with vulnerabilities such as poor health, health perception, an increased risk
of unemployment.
Results show that the proportions across Cork City with lower secondary as the highest level
of education have been reducing over time. In 2006, 2011 and 2016, rates were 21.7%, 18.6%
and 16.0% respectively (similar trend to that of ‘primary education or less’). In 2016 the State
and Cork City and Suburbs had lower rates than Cork City with 14.5% and 14.4% respectively.
The EDs with the highest proportions of lower secondary in 2016 were Gurranebraher A,
Ballyphehane B, Gurranebraher E, Farranferris B and The Glen A (Table 75). There is some
overlap between these EDs and those with highest unemployment levels: The Glen A, and
Farranferris B and with poor health perception: Gurranebraher A and Gurranebraher E.
The 2016 EDs differ from those of 2011 (no two EDs feature in both censuses) and there
is evidence of positive change with 2016 proportions lower than those of 2011.
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CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
POPULATION WITH UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION
For the majority of the population living in Cork City, in the City and Suburbs or across the
State, their highest education level is Upper Secondary in 2016.
Analysis indicates that positive changes have occurred between 2011 and 2016 for some EDs.
The EDs which feature in 2011 were all relatively affluent, ranging from Bishopstown D with a
deprivation score of 5.15 to Browningstown with a score of 11.39.81 By 2016 two ‘deprived’ EDs,
Gurranebraher E with a score of -13.31 and The Glen B with -8.66, feature in the top five EDs
with the highest proportions of ‘Upper Secondary’ (Table 77).
Table 77: Highest Level of Education is Upper Secondary, EDs with Highest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Ballinlough B 26.6% Ballinlough B 25.0% Bishopstown D 23.0%
Browningstown 26.0% Tramore B 24.9% Gurranebraher E 22.9%
Tramore B 25.5% Bishopstown D 24.6% The Glen B 21.6%
Bishopstown D 24.7% Browningstown 24.3% Mahon C 21.6%
Glasheen B 24.5% Mahon C 24.1% Tivoli B 21.4%
Table 78: Highest Level of Education is Upper Secondary, EDs with Lowest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Fair Hill B 9.3% Tramore A 9.8% Centre B 10.2%
Centre A 11.1% Gillabbey A 12.3% Gillabbey A 10.8%
Farranferris C 12.1% Centre A 12.8% Mardyke 11.2%
Churchfield 12.4% Fair Hill B 13.9% Gillabbey C 11.3%
Shandon B 13.0% Glasheen A 14.3% Glasheen A 11.5%
81 - The higher the score, the higher the level of affluence.
122
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
POPULATION WITH TECHNICAL OR VOCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
The percentage of Cork City’s population with technical or vocational qualifications increased
from 7.2% in 2006 to 8.8% in 2016. Results in Table 79 for 2011 and 2016 show similar
proportions with these qualifications (the highest levels in 2011 and 2016 are both 10.1%).
Changes have occurred in the EDs with the greatest proportions with these qualifications,
with a geographical shift from Inner-City EDs to include more North Side and/or RAPID areas:
Commons, The Glen B, Fair Hill A (RAPID), Farranferris A (RAPID).
Table 79: Highest Level Of Education Is A Technical Or Vocational Qualification, EDs With Highest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Mardyke 8.5% St. Patrick's B 10.1% Commons 10.1%
Shandon B 7.4% South Gate A 9.5% Fair Hill A 9.5%
Turners Cross D 7.1% South Gate B 9.4% Farranferris A 9.3%
Shandon A 6.8% Shandon A 9.3% Shandon B 9.2%
Farranferris A 6.7% Turners Cross D 9.2% The Glen B 9.2%
Table 80: Highest Level Of Education Is A Technical Or Vocational Qualification, EDs With Lowest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Farranferris B 1.1% Fair Hill B 3.8% Gillabbey C 4.1%
Fair Hill B 2.3% Gillabbey C 4.3% Fair Hill B 4.2%
Gurranebraher D 2.5% Farranferris B 4.3% Tramore B 4.3%
Gillabbey C 2.6% Gurranebraher E 4.7% Farranferris B 4.3%
Gurranebraher E 2.6% Farranferris C 4.8% Browningstown 4.6%
123
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
POPULATION WITH ADVANCED CERTIFICATE/ COMPLETED APPRENTICESHIP
4.5% of Cork City’s population, 5.0% of the City and Suburbs and 5.9% of the State’s
population were educated to Advanced Certificate or had completed an Apprenticeship
in 2016. Table 81 shows that proportions of the population from 2011 to 2016 remained similar
with some changes in EDs for the top five. In 2016 those EDs with the highest proportions
were Turners Cross D, Tivoli B, Turners Cross C, South Gate A and Turners Cross B. South Gate
A was also characterised by a low ‘retired’ and high ‘Non-Irish population.’ Turners Cross D had
a high retired population.
Table 81: Highest Level Of Education Is Advanced Certificate/Completed Apprenticeship, EDs With Highest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2011 % 2016 %
Shandon B 8.0% Turners Cross D 8.5%
Turners Cross D 7.8% Tivoli B 6.9%
Tivoli B 7.0% Turners Cross C 6.3%
South Gate A 6.4% South Gate A 6.3%
Commons 6.4% Turners Cross B 6.2%
Table 82: Highest Level Of Education Is Advanced Certificate/Completed Apprenticeship, EDs With Lowest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2011 % 2016 %
Gurranebraher A 1.6% Fair Hill B 1.5%
Farranferris B 2.2% Farranferris B 1.8%
Knocknaheeny 2.5% Gurranebraher A 2.8%
Gillabbey A 2.5% Gurranebraher E 2.8%
Fair Hill B 2.5% Mardyke 2.9%
124
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
POPULATION WITH HIGHER CERTIFICATE
In 2016 4.1% of Cork City’s population held a Higher Certificate. The rate was 4.8% in
the City and Suburbs and 5.0% across the State. The EDs with the highest proportions in
Cork City were similar to the City, City and Suburbs and State proportions, although they
decreased between 2011 and 2016. These EDs are located on the south side of Cork City with
Mardyke and Gillabbey C adjacent to UCC; both these EDs are among those with the highest
proportions of students aged 15+. South Gate A and South Gate B (adjacent to Cork College
of Commerce) in 2011 were amongst those with the highest proportions with technical or
vocational qualifications. Tramore B is characterised by a skilled workforce.
Table 83: Highest Level Of Education Is Higher Certificate, EDs With Highest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2011 % 2016 %
Shandon A 8.0% Tramore B 6.7%
Gillabbey C 7.7% South Gate B 6.6%
Centre A 6.7% Mardyke 6.5%
Mardyke 6.6% South Gate A 6.5%
St. Patrick's A 6.2% Gillabbey C 6.4%
Table 84: Highest Level Of Education Is Higher Certificate, EDs With Lowest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2011 % 2016 %
Gurranebraher A 0.4% Fair Hill B 1.0%
Gurranebraher B 0.7% Farranferris B 1.7%
Farranferris B 0.8% Knocknaheeny 1.8%
Togher B 1.0% Churchfield 1.9%
Pouladuff A 1.3% Glasheen B 2.1%
125
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
POPULATION WITH THIRD LEVEL
32.7% of the population in Cork City and Suburbs was educated to third level in 2016.
The rate was 29.1% for Cork City and 28.5% for the State. Greater proportions of the
population are attaining third level qualifications. EDs with the highest proportions are in
two distinct areas of Cork City; Knockrea A and B are adjacent with Browningstown in close
proximity, and Glasheen A and B are adjacent to each other. All EDs are on Cork’s south side.
Browningstown and Knockrea A and B are amongst the EDs with the highest proportion of
professional workers.
Table 85: Highest Level Of Education Is Ordinary Level Bachelor’s Degree Or Higher, EDs With Highest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2011 % 2016 %
Knockrea A 50.7% Knockrea A 56.5%
Bishopstown A 49.2% Glasheen A 52.8%
Glasheen B 44.7% Browningstown 52.2%
South Gate A 44.2% Knockrea B 52.2%
Browningstown 43.6% Glasheen B 49.5%
Table 86: Highest Level Of Education Is Ordinary Bachelor’s Degree Or Higher, EDs With Lowest Proportions (Source: CSO)
2011 % 2016 %
Farranferris B 3.5% Gurranebraher A 5.4%
Knocknaheeny 4.7% Farranferris B 5.8%
Fair Hill B 5.2% Knocknaheeny 6.7%
Gurranebraher A 5.3% Fair Hill B 6.7%
Fair Hill A 5.5% Churchfield 8.3%
126
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
TYPE OF QUALIFICATION
Respondents to the Census aged 15+ were asked ‘What is the main field of study of the
highest qualification you have completed to date?’ Interpreting the answer ‘Not-Stated’
as the indicator of ‘No Qualification,’ results show that in Cork City a greater proportion of
the population reported having a qualification in 2016 (47.0%) than in 2011 (43.8%). This trend,
the population becoming more ‘qualified,’ is evident across the State; however, Cork City is
showing greater ‘improvement’ with an increase of 3.2% as opposed to the State’s 1.4%.
In 2016 in the City and across the State the main fields of study were Social Sciences,
Business and Law (28.7% and 29% respectively). The most common occupation from these
disciplines is Accountancy and Taxation Experts;82 the second (City and State) is Engineering,
Manufacturing and Construction. Electricians and Electrical Fitters make up the largest
occupational group under this discipline.
Results indicate that ‘field of study’ is highly gendered for several disciplines. Females
outnumber Males 3:1 in Education and Teacher training in Cork City, indicating more ‘equality’
than the State where the ratio is almost 4:1. Males dominate Engineering, Manufacturing
and Construction qualifications. In 2016 ratios in Cork City and State were almost 9:1.
Figure 30: PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION AGED 15+ WHOSE HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION IS ORDINARY BACHELOR’S DEGREE OR NATIONAL DIPLOMA OR HIGHER, 2016 (SOURCE: CSO)
82 - CSO.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cp10esil/p10esil/fos/.
Togher
Mahon
Blackpool/The GlenMayfield
Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/
Churchfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/
Farranree
Source: Esri, HERE, Garmin, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community
PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION AGED 15+ WHOSE HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION IS ORDINARY BACHELOR DEGREE
OR NATIONAL DIPLOMA OR HIGHER, 2016 ±
0 1 20.5
Kilometers
% Population by ED
Cork City Boundary
Rapid Areas
Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/Churchfield
Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/Farranree
Mahon
Togher
Less than 15%
15% to 25%
25% to 35%
35% to 45%
Greater than 45%
127
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
Figure 32: PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION AGED 15+ THAT ARE STUDENTS, 2016 (SOURCE: CSO)
Figure 31: TYPE OF QUALIFICATION, CORK CITY AND THE STATE (BY GENDER), 2016 (SOURCE: CSO)
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
Education and teacher tr
ainingArts
Humanities
Social sciences Business and Law
Science Mathematics and Computing
Engineering Manufacturin
g and Construction
Agriculture and Veterinary
Health and Welfare
Services
Other subjects
Types of Qualification, 2016
Cork City Males State Males Cork City Females State Females
Type of Qualification (By Gender) Cork City and the State, 2016
Togher
Mahon
Blackpool/The GlenMayfield
Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/
Churchfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/
Farranree
Source: Esri, HERE, Garmin, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community
PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION AGED 15+ THAT ARE STUDENTS, 2016 ±
0 1 20.5
Kilometers
% Population by ED
Cork City Boundary
Rapid Areas
Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/Churchfield
Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/Farranree
Mahon
Togher
Less than 17%
17% to 28%
28% to 37%
37% to 46%
Greater than 46%
128
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
Programme Category Total Number of Course Instances During 2016
Total Reported
» Apprenticeship Training 87 1291
» Blended Training 1 15
» Community Training Centres 11 178
» Local Training Initiatives 39 612
» PLC 545 4832
» Specialist Training Providers 23 447
» Specific Skills Training 103 1418
» Traineeship Training 19 229
» Youthreach 96 866
» Adult Literacy Groups 868 4653
» BTEI Groups 343 2339
» ESOL 83 1289
» Evening Training 108 1042
» ITABE 51 772
» Libraries Training 6 205
» Refugee Resettlement 2 30
» Skills for Work 25 145
» Voluntary Literacy Tuition 686 0
» Community Education 297 5749
» Total 3393 26112
STUDENTS
In 2016 in Cork City 15.2% of the population were students (aged 15+). The percentages were
lower for the City and Suburbs (14.2%) and the State (11.4%). Student numbers have been
increasing in Cork City, between 2006 (n=14,251) and 2011 (n=14,962) by 5% and between 2011
and 2016 (n=16,374) by 9.4%.
Figure 32 illustrates the distribution of the population aged 15+ classified as students living
in Cork City. The EDs with the highest proportions of students in 2016 are largely adjacent
to UCC and CIT; Gillabbey C (61.4% students), Bishopstown A (58.6%), Gillabbey B (45.4%),
Mardyke (37.3%) and Glasheen B (37.1%).
NUMBER OF STUDENTS ON FURTHER EDUCATION COURSES 2016 IN CORK CITY AND COUNTY
The following figures are for Cork Education and Training Board (CETB) engagement
in Further Education in 2016. They are not disaggregated into City and County.
During 2016 there were 26,112 on Further Education courses, both full and part time. 83
83 - CORK ETB ANNUAL REPORT, PLSS (Personal Learner Support System) returns, JANUARY 2016 – DECEM-BER 2016.
129
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 03 EDUCATION AND LEARNING
POPULATION PARTICIPATION RATES IN LIFELONG LEARNING
There are currently no statistics available on participation rates in Lifelong Learning in
Cork City. EUROSTAT84 has gathered statistics at national level on participation rates
across Europe in Lifelong Learning. This study defines Lifelong Learning as encompassing
all purposeful learning activity, whether formal, non-formal or informal, undertaken on an
ongoing basis with the aim of improving knowledge, skills and competence.
The measure of participation in Lifelong Learning used by Eurostat is the % of the population
aged 25 to 64 participating in Education and Training in the four weeks preceding the survey
interview. In 2016 the proportion in Ireland was 6.4%, a reduction on the 2011 rate of 7.1%.
The participation rate among EU-28 countries was 10.8%.
The Strategic Framework for European Cooperation in Education and Training adopted in May
2009 sets a target of 15% of adults aged 25 to 64 participating in Lifelong Learning by 2020.
It is recommended that a study be undertaken to determine the relevant figure for Cork City,
to compare it against both the figure for the State and the European average, and to compare
it to the 2020 EU target.
84 - https://www. Ec.europa.eu/Eu-rostat/adult learning statistics.