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EDM (Theory and) Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model. December 5, 2012 Frank Rathmann (on behalf of the BNL-EDM and JEDI collaborations ) DISCRETE 2012, IST, Lisboa , Portugal. Outline. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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EDM (Theory and) Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
December 5, 2012 Frank Rathmann
(on behalf of the BNL-EDM and JEDI collaborations)
DISCRETE 2012, IST, Lisboa, Portugal
2
Outline
Introduction Electric Dipole Moments Physics Impact Charged particle EDM searches
Concepts for dedicated Storage Ring searches Technological challenges Precursor Experiments
Timelines of projects Conclusion
EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model [email protected]
3
Introduction: The big challenges
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Conventional HEP wisdom, but there is more than that …
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Search forthe origin of
mass („Higgs“),SUSY
Secrets ofneutrinos
Quest for „Dark Matter“
and „Dark Energy“(In-)stability
of theproton
EnergyIntensity
Co
smic
Precision
Frontiers of PhysicalSciences
Co
mp
lexity
Introduction: Physics Frontiers
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
A most promising additional frontier: Precision
ESPP, Cracow,September 2012
Introduction: Precision Frontier
6
Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) of fundamental particles
Adapted from:Nature,
Vol 482 (2012)
Example: Neutron (nEDM)
Introduction: Precision Frontier
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
7
Outline
Introduction Electric Dipole Moments Physics Impact Charged particle EDM searches
Concepts for dedicated Storage Ring searches Technological challenges Precursor Experiments
Timelines of projects Conclusion
EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model [email protected]
8
Charge symmetric No EDM ()
Do particles (e.g., electron, nucleon) have an EDM?
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
: MDM: EDM
Physics: Fundamental Particles
[email protected] 9EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Permanent EDMs violate P and T.
Assuming CPT to hold, CP violated also.
Not Charge symmetric
(aligned w/ spin)
EDMs: Discrete Symmetries
10
Physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM)
• CPV in the SM points to physics we do not understand
• CPV is highly sensitive to physics beyond the SM (New Physics)
• CPV is accessible to a wide range of experiments
• New source of CPV beyond the SM required for baryogenesis
EDMs: Why is CPV so interesting?
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
11
Outline
Introduction Electric Dipole Moments Physics Impact Charged particle EDM searches
Concepts for dedicated Storage Ring searches Technological challenges Precursor Experiments
Timelines of projects Conclusion
EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model [email protected]
12
Physics: What caused the Baryon asymmetry?
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Carina Nebula: Largest-seen star-birth regions in the galaxy
Observed WMAP+COBE (2003)
SM exp.
What happened to the antimatter?
Sakharov (1967): Three conditions for baryogenesis
1. B number conservation violated sufficiently strongly2. C and CP violated, B and anti-Bs with different rates3. Evolution of universe outside thermal equilibrium
The mystery of the missing antimatter (the puzzle of our existence)
13
N. Arkani-Hamed (IAS, Princeton) at Intensity Frontier WS, USA (2011)
Physics: Potential of EDMs
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
14
G. Isidori at ESPP Open Symposium, Cracow (Sept. 2012)
Physics: Potential of EDMs
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
15
J.M. Pendlebury: „nEDM has killed more theories than any other single expt.“
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Physics: Potential of EDMs
EDM searches – only upper limits yet (in )
[email protected] 16EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Particle/Atom Current EDM Limit Future Goal equivalent
Electron
Neutron
Proton
Deuteron ?
Physics: Limits for Electric Dipole Moments
Huge efforts underway worldwide to improve limits / find EDMs
17
P. Harris, K. Kirch … A huge worldwide effort
new
Physics: Ongoing/planned Searches
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
18
Outline
Introduction Electric Dipole Moments Physics Impact Charged particle EDM searches
Concepts for dedicated Storage Ring searches Technological challenges Precursor Experiments
Timelines of projects Conclusion
EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model [email protected]
[email protected] 19EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
For transverse electric and magnetic fields in a ring ( ),anomalous spin precession is described by Thomas-BMT equation:
0 EB
c
E
p
mGBG
m
qG
2
Magic condition: Spin along momentum vector
1. For any sign of , in a combined electric and magnetic machine
2. For (protons) in an all electric ring
2
2gG
222
2
1
GBcG
GBcE
x
G
mp
p
mG
0
2
c
MeV74.700 (magic)
Principle: Frozen spin Method
Magic rings to measure EDMs of free charge particles
• Place particles in a storage ring• Align spin along momentum („Freeze“ horizontal spin precession)• Search for time development of vertical polarization
[email protected] 20EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
0G
Edt
s
d
d
Principle: Rings for srEDM searches
New Method to measure EDMs of free charge particles:
Magic rings with spin frozen along momentum
(from R. Talman)
[email protected] 21EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
pEDM in all electric ring at BNL Jülich, focus on deuterons, or a combined machine
CW and CCW propagating beams
EDMs: Storage ring projects
Two projects: US (BNL or FNAL) and Europe (FZJ)
or at FNAL
2 beams simultaneously rotating in an all electric ring (cw, ccw)
Status: Approved BNL-ProposalSubmitted to DOE
Goal for protons
[email protected] 22EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Beat systematics: BNL Proposal
year)(onecme105.2 29 pd
CW CCW
Polarization
EDM
Sokolov-Ternov
Gravitation
CW & CCW beams cancels systematic effects
Many technological challenges need to be met
A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic), deuterons, …
[email protected] 23EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
particleproton
0G
Edt
s
d
d
Principle: Magic Storage ring
Possible to measure , , using ONE machine with m
B
deuteron
CCW & CCW with magnetic field:Richard Talmans concept for a Jülich all-in-one machine
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model 24
Iron-free, current-only, magnetic bending, eliminates hysteresis
A
B
A BConfiguration generates close-to-perfect vertical B field
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model 25
particle
proton
deuteron
Magic ring: Jülich all-in-one machine (R. Talmans concept )
𝒓=𝟏𝟎𝐦
Maximum achievable field of copper magnets T.
B
Very compact machines possible for srEDM searches
26
No direct measurements for proton and deuteron EDM yet !
EDMs – Sensitivity Reach
Adapted from:Nature,
Vol 482 (2012)
pEDMdEDM
EDM search in charged baryon (systems)
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
27
Outline
Introduction Electric Dipole Moments Physics Impact Charged particle EDM searches
Concepts for dedicated Storage Ring Searches Technological challenges Precursor Experiments
Timelines of projects Conclusion
EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model [email protected]
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
srEDM searches: Technogical challenges
Charged particle EDM searches require development of a new class of high-precision machines with mainly electric fields for bending and focussing.
Other topics:
• Electric field gradients
• Spin coherence time
• Continuous polarimetry
• Beam positioning
• Spin tracking
These issues must be addressed experimentally at existing facilities
29EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model [email protected]
5 10 15 20 25 30 350
20
40
60
80
100
Proton EDM
E-field (MV/m)
radi
us (
m)
r1 E( )
E
r2 250 md 0.48 Gd Zd 8.44
r2 280 m3He 0.0575 G3He Z3He 21.959
𝐸=17 MV /m
𝑟=24.665m
Challenge: Electric field for magic rings
Challenge to produce large electric field gradients
Rfield only
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Challenge: Niobium electrodes
Show one slide on JLAB data HV devicesDPP stainless steel fine-grain Nb
large-grain Nblarge-grain Nb single-crystal Nb
Large-grain Nb at plate separation of a few cm yields ~20 MV/m
A
AS
one particle with magnetic moment
“spin tune”
“spin closed orbit vector”COn̂
s2AS
ring
makes one turn
stable polarizationS
if ║ COn̂
[email protected] 31EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Challenge: Spin coherence time
Spin closed orbit
Challenge: Spin coherence time
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model 32
We usually don‘t worry about coherence of spins along
At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)
After some time, spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone
Polarization not affected!
Situation very different, when you deal with machines with frozen spin.
At injection all spin vectors aligned Later, spin vectors are out of phase in the horizontal plane
Longitudinal polarization vanishes!
COn̂
In an EDM machine with frozen spin, observation time is limited.
Challenge: SCT stimates (N.N. Nikolaev)
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model 33
One source of spin coherence are random variations of the spin tune due to the momentum spread in the beam
and is randomized by e.g., electron cooling
Estimate:
𝛿𝜃=𝐺𝛿𝛾 𝛿𝛾cos𝜔𝑡→cos (𝜔𝑡+𝛿𝜃 )
𝜏𝑠𝑐 ≈1
𝑓 rev𝐺2 ⟨𝛿𝛾 2 ⟩
≈1
𝑓 rev𝐺2𝛾2 𝛽4 ⟨(𝛿𝑝𝑝 )
2⟩−1
𝑇 kin=100 MeV 𝑓 rev=0.5 MHz
𝜏𝑠𝑐 (𝑝 )≈3 ∙103 s 𝜏𝑠𝑐 (𝑑)≈5 ∙105 s
𝐺𝑝=1.79 𝐺𝑑=−0.14
Spin coherence time for deuterons may be × larger than for protons𝟏𝟎𝟎
EDM at COSY: COoler SYnchrotron
Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons
Phase space cooled internal & extracted beams
Injector cyclotron
COSY
… the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics
[email protected] 34EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
… an ideal starting pointfor a srEDM search
Challenge: First measurement of SCT
Polarimetry:
Spin coherence time:
[email protected] 35EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
from Ed Stephensonand Greta Guidoboni
decoherencetime
oscillationcapture
5 s 25 s 5 s
2011 Test measurements at COSY
36
Challenge: SCT recent achievements
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Result from 2012 run
Excellent progress towards the SCT goal for pEDM: s
from Ed Stephensonand Greta Guidoboni
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Challenge: Polarimetry
Beam polarimetry at the ppm level achieved for deuteron beams
38
Outline
Introduction Electric Dipole Moments Physics Impact Charged particle EDM searches
Concepts for dedicated Storage Ring Searches Technological challenges Precursor Experiments
Timelines of projects Conclusion
EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model [email protected]
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Precursor experiments: RF methods
Use existing magnetic machines for first direct EDM measurements
Methods based on making the spin precession in the machine resonant with the orbit motion
Two ways: 1. Use an RF device that operates on some harmonics of the spin precession
frequency
2. Operate ring on an imperfection resonance
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model 40
Precursor experiments: Resonance Method with „magic“ RF Wien filter
Avoids coherent betatron oscillations of beam. Radial RF-E and vertical RF-B fields to observe spin rotation due to EDMApproach pursued for a first direct measurement at COSY.
„Magic RF Wien Filter“ no Lorentz force
Indirect EDM effect
Tilt of precession plane due to EDM
Observable:Accumulation of vertical polarization during spin coherence time
Polarimeter (dp elastic)
stored d
RF E(B)-fieldIn-plane
polarization
Statistical sensitivity for in the range to range possible.• Alignment and field stability of ring magnets• Imperfection of RF-E(B) flipper
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model 41
Precursor experiments: Resonance Method for deuterons at COSY
Parameters: beam energy assumed EDME-field
turn number
𝑃 𝑥 𝑃 𝑧 𝑃 𝑦
EDM effect accumulates in
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model 42
Parameters: beam energy assumed EDME-field
EDM effect accumulates in
𝑃 𝑦
turn number
𝑃 𝑦
Precursor experiments: Resonance Method for deuterons at COSY
Linear extrapolation of for a time period of yields a sizeable .
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Precursor experiments: Resonance EDM measurement with a static Wien filter
Machine is operated on an imperfection spin resonance at
𝑷𝒙(𝒕)
𝒕(𝐬)Similar accumulation of EDM signal, systematics more difficult, strength of imperfection resonance must be suppressed by closed-orbit corrections.
Spin rotation in phase with orbit motion
44
Outline
Introduction Electric Dipole Moments Physics Impact Charged particle EDM searches
Concepts for dedicated Storage Ring Searches Technological challenges Precursor Experiments
Timelines of projects Conclusion
EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model [email protected]
45
Two years R&D/preparation
One year final ring design
Two years ring/beam-line construction
Two years installation
One year “string test”
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Technically driven for all-electric pEDM
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
Timeline: BNL EDM
Step Aim / Scientific goal Device / Tool Storage ring
1Spin coherence time studies Horizontal RF-B spin flipper COSY
Systematic error studies Vertical RF-B spin flipper COSY
2COSY upgrade Orbit control, magnets, … COSY
First direct EDM measurement at
RF-E(B) spin flipperModified COSY
3Built dedicated all-in-one ring for , ,
Common magnetic-electrostatic deflectors
Dedicated ring
4EDM measurement of , , at Dedicated
ring
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model 46
Timeline: Stepwise approach all-in-one machine for JEDI
Time scale: Steps 1 and 2: < 5 yearsSteps 3 and 4: > 5 years
• Measurements of EDMs are extremely difficult, but fantastic BSM physics reach
• Two storage ring projects, at BNL and Jülich• Jülich goes for all-in-one machine with copper-only magnets
• Pursue SCT investigations at COSY
• Very good prospects for first direct EDM measurements of and at COSY using resonance methods based on RF E(B) -fields
• New JEDI collaboration established
• Both Collaborations work on technological challenges: Polarimetry, SCT, E-fields, BPMs
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model 47
Conclusion
48
Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)
“Man muß etwas Neues machen, um etwas Neues zu sehen.”
“You have to make (create) something new, if you want to see something new”
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
49
Spares
srEDM cooperations
Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons …) Cooperation, Coordination
International srEDM Network
srEDM Collaboration (BNL)(spokesperson Yannis Semertzidis)
JEDI Collaboration (FZJ)(spokespersons: A. Lehrach, J. Pretz, F.R.)
Common R&DRHIC EDM-at-COSY
Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (…) Spin Coherence Time
Cooling Spin Tracking (…)
DOE-Proposal (submitted)
Study Group
First direct measurement Ring Design
JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL
HGF Application(s) CD0, 1, …
[email protected] 50EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
EDM Workshop at ECT* (Trento)
[email protected] 51EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model
October 1-5, 2012
Organizing committee
-Jülich Hans Ströher [email protected] Rathmann [email protected] Wirzba [email protected]
-BrookhavenMei Bai [email protected] Marciano [email protected] Semertzidis [email protected]
http://www.ectstar.eu/
52
Magnetic moment, spin, g and G
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
𝜇𝑁=𝑒 ∙ℏ
2 ∙𝑚𝑝
=5.05078324 J T −1Nuclear magneton
particle spin charge
proton
deuteron3He
𝜇=𝑔 ∙𝜇𝑁 ∙𝑚𝑝
𝑚∙𝑍 ∙ 𝑠
Operation of „magic“ RF Wien filter
[email protected] Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model 53
Radial E and vertical B fields oscillate, e.g., with (here ).
Spin coherence time may depend on excitation and on chosen harmonics
beam energy
Simulation of resonance Method with Magic Wien filter for deuterons at COSY
Linear extrapolation of for a time period of .
[email protected] Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model 54
Parameters: beam energy assumed EDME-field
EDM effect accumulates in
𝑃 𝑦
turn number
[email protected] EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model 55
Why also EDMs of protons and deuterons?
Proton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity.
In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons.
Consensus in the theoretical community:Essential to perform EDM measurements on different targets with similar sensitivity:
• unfold the underlying physics,• explain the baryogenesis.
56
History of neutron EDM limits
[email protected] Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model
Adopted from K. Kirch
• Smith, Purcell, Ramsey PR 108, 120 (1957)
• RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 2.9 10-26 ecm) PRL 97,131801 (2006)
[email protected] Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model 57
Magic condition: Protons
Case 2: and fields
magic energy
𝐵>0 𝐵<0magic energy
𝐵>0 𝐵<0
Magic condition: Deuterons
and fields
58EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model [email protected]
Magic condition: Helions
59EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model [email protected]
and fields
Some polarimetry issuespC and dC polarimetry is the currently favored approach for the pEDM experiment at BNL
[email protected] Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model 60
srEDM experiments use frozen spin mode, i.e., beam mostly polarized along direction of motion,
most promising ring options use cw & ccw beams.
• scattering on C destructive on beam and phase-space,• scattering on C determines polarization of mainly
particles with large betatron amplitudes, and• is not capable to determine . • For elastic scattering longitudinal analyzing powers are tiny (violates parity).
Ideally, use a method that would determine .
Exploit observables that depend on beam and target polarization
[email protected] Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model 61
b eam1𝑃=(𝑃 𝑥
𝑃 𝑦
𝑃 𝑧)t arget (¿beam2)𝑄=(𝑄𝑥
𝑄𝑦
𝑄𝑧)
𝜎𝜎0
=1+𝐴𝑦 [ (𝑃 𝑦+𝑄𝑦 ) cos𝜑− (𝑃 𝑥+𝑄𝑥 ) sin 𝜑 ]
Spin-dependent differential cross section for
Analyzing powerSpin correlations
In scattering, necessary observables are well-known in the range MeV (not so for or ).
𝑥 (sideways)
𝑦 (up)
𝑧 (along beam)
𝜑
𝜃
How could one do that, determine ?
Suggestion 1: Use a polarized storage cell target
[email protected] Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model 62
Detector
• Detector determines of cw & ccw beams separately, based on kinematics.• Alignment of target polarization along axes by magnetic fields. Leads to
unwanted MDM rotations absolute no-go in EDM experiments.
cell
CW CCW
[email protected] Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model 63
Suggestion 2: Use colliding beam from external source
• Collide two external beams with cw and ccw stored beams.• Energy could be tuned to match detector acceptance.• Polarization components of probing low-energy beam can be made large, would
be selected by spin rotators in the transmission lines.• Luminosity estimates necessary
Detector
Polarized ion source(~10 MeV)
How could one do that, determine ?
𝜎𝜎0
=1+𝐴𝑦 [ (𝑃 𝑦+𝑸𝒚 )cos𝜑− (𝑃𝑥+𝑸 𝒙 ) sin 𝜑 ]
cw beam𝑃=(𝑃 𝑥
𝑃 𝑦
𝑃 𝑧) probingbeam𝑄=(𝑄𝑥
𝑄𝑦
𝑄𝑧)=(𝑄𝑥
00 ) ,(
0𝑄𝑦
0 ) ,∨(00𝑄𝑧)
How could one do that, determine ?
[email protected] Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model 64
Suggestion 3: Use directly reactions from colliding beams
Detector
CW CCW
Requires luminosity, -functions at IP should be rather small.• Advantage over suggestion 2. is that supports luminosity.• Disadvantage is that sensitivity comes mainly from terms with and .• Detailed estimates necessary.
𝜎𝜎0
=1+𝐴𝑦 [ (𝑃 𝑦+𝑄𝑦 ) cos𝜑− (𝑃 𝑥+𝑄𝑥 ) sin 𝜑 ]
cw beam𝑃=(𝑃𝑥
𝑃𝑦
𝑃𝑧) ccw beam𝑄=(𝑄𝑥
𝑄𝑦
𝑄𝑧)
Luminosity estimate for the collider option
[email protected] Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model 65
𝐿(𝑇 , 𝛽 )=𝑁1𝑁2 𝑓 rev(𝑇 )𝑛𝑏
4𝜋 𝜎 (𝛽)2
𝜎 (𝛽)=√𝜖 ∙ 𝛽
Conditions:
k inetic energy(MeV )
Luminos
ity𝛽=10 m
𝛽=1m
𝛽=0.1m
T magic=232.8 MeV
Even under these very optimistic assumptions, event rate will be rather low.
[email protected] Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model 66
Resonance Method with RF E-fields
Polarimeter (dp elastic)
stored d
RF E-fieldvertical
polarization
spin precession governed by: (* rest frame)
Two situations:
1. EDM effect2. no EDM effect
This way, the EDM signal is accumulated during the cycle. • Statistical improvement over single turn effect is about: . • Brings us in the range for .
5101/1000 ss
• But: Flipping fields will lead to coherent betatron oscillations, with hard to handle systematics.
[email protected] Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model 67
Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields for deuterons at COSY
Parameters: beam energy assumed EDME-field
Constant E-field
Number of turns
E-field reversed every
Number of turns
[email protected] Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard
Model 68
Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields for deuterons at COSY
Parameters: beam energyassumed EDME-field
Linear extrapolation of for a time period of
Number of turns
EDM effect accumulates
Polarimeter determines
22zx PPP
EDM Theory and Experiment: Search for new Physics beyond the Standard Model
69
Symmetries
Parity:
𝑷 :(𝒙𝒚𝒛 )→(− 𝒙−𝒚− 𝒛 )
C-parity (or Charge parity): Changes sign of all quantized charges• electrical charge,• baryon number,• lepton number,• flavor charges, • Isospin (3rd-component)
T-Symmetry: 𝑻 :𝒕→− 𝒕
Physical laws are invariant under certain transformations.