1
Published by: ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PO Box 150, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1AS, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1 865 843313 (Editor) or 843843 Fax: +44 (0)1865 843971 or 843961 www.filtsep.com Editor: Heather Johnstone E-mail: h joh nstone@elsevier, cam News & Online Editor: Nell Ainger Email: n. ainger@ elsevier.cam Managing Editor: Mark Purvis Advertisement Manager: Vincent Ferone Tel: +44 (0)1865 843646 (UK) Fax: +44 (0)1865 843973 (UK) E-mail: v. ferone@ elsevier.cam Advertising Consultant: Mike Taylor Tel: +44 (0)1403 263617 (UK) Fax: +44 (0)1403 265005 (UK) Advertising Copy Coordinator: Naomi Reeves Production Coordinator: Lin Lucas Product Finder: Jeanne Tarrant Tel: +44 (0)1865 843271 (UK) Fax: +44 (0)1865 843973 (UK1 FiItraPon & Separation is covered +n the Current Contents~/Englneering, Computing & Technology (CC'>/EC&T) online database and in the Research Alerc ~ current awareness service Subscriptions The subscription price is US$288, ¥34,2000, 6258, or £169 This price is valid to the end of 2003, and includes air-speeded delivery worldwide Frequency of publication: ten issues/year Send remittance with order (made payable to Elsevier Sc+ence Ltd) to: The Oxford Fulfilment Centre, PO Box 800, Kidlmgton. Oxford OX5 1DX, UK Tel: +44 (0)1865 843378; Fax: +44 (0)1865 843940 Missing issues: Responsibility cannot be accepted by the Publishers after six months Filtration & Separation (ISSN 0015-1882) is published 10 tLmes per year m January, March. April. May, June. July, September, Octobe~ November, December by Etsewer Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford kane, K+dlington. Oxford OX5 1GB, UK PERIODICALS POSTAGE paid at Rahway, NJ 07065. USA POSTMASTER Please send address corrections to Filtration & Separation, 365 Blaw Road. Avenel. NJ 0 7 0 0 1 The opipions expressed by indMduals in this pubhcat~on are not necessarily those of Elsevier, who shall not be held responsible for them All trademarks acknowledged ISSN 0015-I 882/03 © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All Bghts reserved. This journal and the +ndividual contthbutJa~s contained in it are protected under copyright by Elsevier Science Ltd, and the following terms and condtbons apply to their use: Photocopying Single photocopies of single articles may be made far personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the Publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying, ~ncluding multiple or systsmatlc copying, copying for advertming or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery Special rates are available for educational institubons that wish to make photocopies for non-profit educational classroom use Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Soence Global Rights Department. PO Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX. UK: phone: [+441 1865 843830, fax: (+441 1885 853333. e-mail: permlssions@elsevlercom You may also contact Global Rights directly through Elsevier's homepage (http://www.elsewer nl). by selecting 'Obtaining Permissions'. In the USA. users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc, 222 Rosewood Drive, Oanvers. MA 01923, USA: phone: (+1) (978] 750840(], fax: (+1) (878) 7504744, and in the UK through the Copyright bcensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), SO Tottonham Court Road, London WlP OLF~ UK: phone +44 (0)20 7631 5555: fax: +44 (0)20 7631 5500 Other countr;es may have a local reprographic rights agency for payments Derivative Works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of arOcles ,nc~ud~ngabstracts for internal circulation within their instltuPons Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institotbon. Permission of the Publisher ,s required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translat+ons Electronic Storage or Usage Permission ef the Publisher is requ;red to store or use electronically any material contained in this journal, ,ncluding any arbe~e or part of an arucle Except as outlined above, no part of this pubhcaben may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted In any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying. recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Pubhsher Address permiss+ons requests to Elsevier Science Global Rights Oepartment. at the mail, fax and e-mall addresses noted above Notice No responmb~htyis assumed by the Publisher for any inlury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products Ilablhty, negligence or otherwise or from any use or operauon of any me~hods, products, instructions or ;deas contslned in the material be,'eln Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences. ~n par'tleula£ Independent verdicatEon of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made Although all advert;sing material is expected to conform co ethical [medpcal) standards, incluston tn th~s pubhcaPon does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quahty or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer Free circulation enquiries Tower Pubhshlng Tower House Sovereign park. Market Harborough. Locestershire. LE16 9EF Filtration & Separat+en ~s pubhshed monthly by Elsevier Advanced Technology. PO Box 150. Kidhngton. Oxford OX5 1AS, UK The edttor w~l be glad to consider contr+bubons but no respons~blhty for the safe keeping or- retor~ of unsollotod material will be accepted Filtration & Separation is a member of BPA International the lead~ng world aud~tsr of business pubhcatlens. Journal Number: 02076. Printed by Headley Brothers LLd, UK BPA INT[RNATIOPfAL Editorial T his year marks the 40th year of publication of the Filtration+Separation magazine, established back in the early 1960s by the late William (Bill) Norris and Mike Taylor. In the intervening years the magazine has evolved from the official publication of The Filtration Society (UK) to an international engineering trade magazine, with a global readership of over 10 500. However, throughout all the changes it has remained dedicated to promoting the latest developments in liquid, air and gas filtration and separation technology, and will continue to do so. During 2003 we will be celebrating this anniversary in a number of ways, including focusing on how certain filtration and separation technologies have evolved over the past 40 years, as well as republishing specific articles of interest. We also hope to hold a drinks reception during Filtech Europa 2003 (DOsseldorf, Germany) in October to mark this anniversary. In this first issue of 2003 we focus on membrane separation technologies. We begin with a look at the development of the membrane bioreactor and the importance of the membrane component of this technology. The success of treating spent acid solutions with crossflow microfiltration prior to entry into acid recycling plants is also discussed. We round off the membrane focus with a study that indicates vibrating membrane systems may be a more effective method of preventing mineral scale fouling of RO membranes than traditional crossflow systems. Finally, our new web site has been launched. It contains a host of useful features for anyone interested in filtration and separation. There are daily business news up~lates, new product launches and the latest technical features, as well as our on-line Buyers Guide. The new web site can be found at the same URL address as our previous site (www.filtsep.com). We will continue to develop the site throughout the year, so your comments on the new and improved site and the services that it offers are welcome. Heather Johnstone Editor • Implications of EN 779 Air Filter Test Method • Synthetic vs Glass Fibre Media for Bag filters January/February 2003 3

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Page 1: Editorial

Publ ished by: ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PO Box 150 , Kid l ington, Oxford OX5 1AS, UK. Tel: + 4 4 (0)1 8 6 5 8 4 3 3 1 3 (Editor) o r 8 4 3 8 4 3 Fax: + 4 4 ( 0 ) 1 8 6 5 8 4 3 9 7 1 or 8 4 3 9 6 1 www.filtsep.com

Editor: Heather Johnstone E-mail: h joh nstone@elsevier, cam

News & Online Editor: Nel l Ainger Email: n. a inger@ elsevier.cam

Manag ing Editor: M a r k Purv is

Adve r t i semen t Manager : Vincent Ferone Tel: + 4 4 ( 0 ) 1 8 6 5 8 4 3 6 4 6 (UK) Fax: + 4 4 ( 0 ) 1 8 6 5 8 4 3 9 7 3 (UK) E-mail: v. ferone@ elsevier.cam

Adver t is ing Consul tant : M ike Taylor Tel: + 4 4 ( 0 ) 1 4 0 3 2 6 3 6 1 7 (UK) Fax: +44 ( 0 ) 1 4 0 3 2 6 5 0 0 5 (UK)

Adver t is ing Copy Coordinator : Naomi Reeves

Product ion Coordinator : Lin Lucas

Produc t Finder: Jeanne Tarrant Tel: + 4 4 ( 0 ) 1 8 6 5 8 4 3 2 7 1 (UK) Fax: + 4 4 ( 0 ) 1 8 6 5 8 4 3 9 7 3 (UK1

FiItraPon & Separation is covered +n the Current Contents~/Englneering, Computing & Technology (CC'>/EC&T) online database and in the Research Alerc ~ current awareness service Subscriptions The subscription price is US$288, ¥34,2000, 6258, or £ 1 6 9 This price is valid to the end of 2003, and includes air-speeded delivery worldwide Frequency of publication: ten issues/year

Send remittance with order (made payable to Elsevier Sc+ence Ltd) to: The Oxford Fulfilment Centre, PO Box 800, Kidlmgton. Oxford OX5 1DX, UK Tel: +44 (0)1865 843378; Fax: +44 (0)1865 843940

Missing issues: Responsibility cannot be accepted by the Publishers after six months Filtration & Separation (ISSN 0015-1882) is published 10 tLmes per year m January, March. April. May, June. July, September, Octobe~ November, December by Etsewer Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford kane, K+dlington. Oxford OX5 1GB, UK

PERIODICALS POSTAGE paid at Rahway, NJ 07065. USA POSTMASTER Please send address corrections to Filtration & Separation, 365 Blaw Road. Avenel. NJ 07001

The opipions expressed by indMduals in this pubhcat~on are not necessarily those of Elsevier, who shall not be held responsible for them All trademarks acknowledged

ISSN 0015-I 882 /03 © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All Bghts reserved.

This journal and the +ndividual contthbutJa~s contained in it are protected under copyright by Elsevier Science Ltd, and the following terms and condtbons apply to their use:

Photocopying Single photocopies of single articles may be made far personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the Publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying, ~ncluding multiple or systsmatlc copying, copying for advertming or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery Special rates are available for educational institubons that wish to make photocopies for non-profit educational classroom use Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Soence Global Rights Department. PO Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX. UK: phone: [+441 1865 843830, fax: (+441 1885 853333. e-mail: permlssions@elsevlercom You may also contact Global Rights directly through Elsevier's homepage (http://www.elsewer nl). by selecting 'Obtaining Permissions'. In the USA. users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc, 222 Rosewood Drive, Oanvers. MA 01923, USA: phone: (+1) (978] 750840(], fax: (+1) (878) 7504744, and in the UK through the Copyright bcensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), SO Tottonham Court Road, London W l P OLF~ UK: phone +44 (0)20 7631 5555: fax: +44 (0)20 7631 5500 Other countr;es may have a local reprographic rights agency for payments

Derivative Works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of arOcles ,nc~ud~ng abstracts for internal circulation within their instltuPons Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institotbon. Permission of the Publisher ,s required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translat+ons

Electronic Storage or Usage Permission ef the Publisher is requ;red to store or use electronically any material contained in this journal, ,ncluding any arbe~e or part of an arucle Except as outlined above, no part of this pubhcaben may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted In any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying. recording or otherwise, without prior written permission o f the Pubhsher Address permiss+ons requests to Elsevier Science Global Rights Oepartment. at the mail, fax and e-mall addresses noted above

Notice No responmb~hty is assumed by the Publisher for any inlury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products Ilablhty, negligence or otherwise or from any use or operauon of any me~hods, products, instructions or ;deas contslned in the material be,'eln Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences. ~n par'tleula£ Independent verdicatEon of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made Although all advert;sing material is expected to conform co ethical [medpcal) standards, incluston tn th~s pubhcaPon does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quahty or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer

Free circulation enquiries Tower Pubhshlng Tower House Sovereign park. Market Harborough. Locestershire. LE16 9EF Filtration & Separat+en ~s pubhshed monthly by Elsevier Advanced Technology. PO Box 150. Kidhngton. Oxford OX5 1AS, UK The edttor w~l be glad to consider contr+bubons but no respons~blhty for the safe keeping or- retor~ of unsollotod material will be accepted

Filtration & Separation is a member of BPA International the lead~ng world aud~tsr of business pubhcatlens.

Journal Number: 02076.

Printed by Headley Brothers LLd, UK

BPA INT[RNATIOPfAL

Editorial T

his year marks the 40th year of publication of the Filtration+Separation magazine, established back in the early 1960s by the late William (Bill) Norris and Mike Taylor. In the

intervening years the magazine has evolved from the official publication of The Filtration Society (UK) to an international engineering trade magazine, with a global readership of over 10 500. However, throughout all the changes it has remained dedicated to promoting the latest developments in liquid, air and gas filtration and separation technology, and will continue to do so. During 2003 we will be celebrating this anniversary in a number of ways, including focusing on how certain filtration and separation technologies have evolved over the past 40 years, as well as republishing specific articles of interest. We also hope to hold a drinks reception during Filtech Europa 2003 (DOsseldorf, Germany) in October to mark this anniversary.

In this first issue of 2003 we focus on membrane separation technologies. We begin with a look at the development of the membrane bioreactor and the importance of the membrane component of this technology. The success of treating spent acid solutions with crossflow microfiltration prior to entry into acid recycling plants is also discussed. We round off the membrane focus with a study that indicates vibrating membrane systems may be a more effective method of preventing mineral scale fouling of RO membranes than traditional crossflow systems.

Finally, our new web site has been launched. It contains a host of useful features for anyone interested in filtration and separation. There are daily business news up~lates, new product launches and the latest technical features, as well as our on-line Buyers Guide. The new web site can be found at the same URL address as our previous site (www.filtsep.com). We will continue to develop the site throughout the year, so your comments on the new and improved site and the services that it offers are welcome.

H e a t h e r Johnstone

E d i t o r

• Implications of EN 779 Air Filter Test Method • Synthetic vs Glass Fibre Media for Bag filters

January/February 2 0 0 3 3