Art, Archaeology, & Architecture

Contemporary Conflicts & International Systems

Economics, Politics, Gulf

Film Gender, Family, Sexuality History Language & Literature Music Religion & Islamic Law

Science, Technology, Environment

Egypt and North Africa Iran Israel/Palestine Syria,jordan, Lebanon Turkey & Central Asia Middle East Diasporas

EDITOR

RICHARD C. MARTIN

Emory University

ASSISTANT EDITOR

AMANDAj. WRIGHT (RON Virginia Tech

Associate Editors

Alison B. Snyder University ofOregon

Sherifa Zuhur Institute for Middle Eastern, Islamic, and Strategic Studies

Mary Ann Tetreault Trinity University

Thomas B. Stevenson Ohio University Zanesville juliane Hammer University ofNorth Carolina Megan H. Reid University ofSouthern California john Eisele College ofWilliam and Mary Michael A. Frishkopf University of Alberta Erik S. Ohlander Indiana University-Purdue University,

Fort Wayne Saleem H. Ali University ofVermont

Paul Sedra Simon Fraser University Shiva Balaghi Brown University joyce Dalsheim University ofNorth Carolina at Charlotte Betty S. Anderson Boston University Sultan Tepe University oflllinois at Chicago Abdulkader H. Sin no Indiana University

Books, software, recordings and audiovisual material for review, and communications to the editor, should be sent to: Richard C. Martín, Editorial Office, Review ofMiddle East Studies, Department of Religion and Culture, 352 Lane Hall (0227), Virginia Tech, 280 Alumni Mall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (540 231-7062; romes.vt@gmail.com; www.mesana.org).

Current and recent issues, tables of contents, notes, research and teaching, resources, lists of recent conferences and books in Middle East studies are available on the MESA website: www. mesana.org.

The Review of Middle East Studies is a semiannual publication of the Middle East Studies Association ofNorth Ame rica, Inc. Views expressed in the Review are those ofthe authors, and do not necessarily represent those of the Association.

On the cover: Saad Zaghloul, leader of the 1919 Revolution gestures toward the SCAF: "You're completely useless you dirty bastards." lmage from Mohammed Mahmoud St., june 2012, photograph by Elliott Colla. Used by permission.

Production, design and layout: Nadia Hlibka, Ikarus Design, Tucson, Arizona

©2013 by the Middle East Studies Association of North America, Inc . Printed in the United States of America. Distributed by Cambridge University Press. ISSN 2151-3481

TABLE OF

Volume 47 Number 1 Summer 2013

CONTENTS

/

R ~3~3 fROM THE EDITOR

ESSAYS

fRED M. DONNER MESA and the American University

INTERIM REPORTS FROM THE FIELD

fATMA BOSTAN-ÜNSAL

Gezi Park Protests

SULTANTEPE Democratic Conundrums in Turkey

SPECIAL SECTION Cultural Production in the Arab Spring Part 1

MIRIAM COOKE Tadmor's Ghosts

ELLIOTT COLLA In Praise of Insult: Slogan Genres, Slogan Repertoires and Innovation

BRINDA MEHT A Staging Tahrir: Laila Soliman's Revolutionary Theatre

jAMES B. HOESTEREY

Is Indonesia a Model for the Arab Spring?

REVIEW ESSAY

RICHARD BULLIET Bernard Lewis's Notes on a Century

1

4

19

22

28

37

49

56

63

BOOK REVIEWS

V ALERIE J. HOFFMAN. The Essentials of Ibii.~i Islam (PAUL M. LOVE,)R.)

Too o LA wsoN. The Crucifixion and the Qur , an: A Study in the History o{ Muslim Thought (DAVID R. VISHANOFF)

ROBERT GLEA VE. Islam and Literalism: Literal Meaning and Interpretation in Islamic Legal Theory (MATTHEW B. INGALLS)

M.E. McMILLAN. The Meaning ofMecca: The Politics ofPilgrimage in Early Islam (SYED RIZWAN ZAMIR)

MAR TIN VAN BRUINESSEN ANO STEF ANO ALLIEVI, EDS.

Producing Islamic Knowledge: Transmission and Dissemination in Westem Europe (ZAKYI IBRAHIM)

MOHAMMAD HAS SAN KHALIL. Islam and the fate of Others: The Salvation Question ÚON HOOVER)

REZA ASLAN ANO AARON J. HAHN T APPER. Muslims and }ews in America: Commonalities, Contentions, and Complexities (SHAUL MAGID)

OusMANE OUMAR KANE. The Homeland Is the Arena: Religion, Transnationalism, and the Integration ofSenegalese Immigrants in America (KATHERINE WILEY)

LOUISE A. CAINKAR. Homeland Insecurity: The Arab-American and Muslim American Experience After 9/11 (GARBI SCHMIDT)

WAYNE 8AKER, SALLY HOWELL, AMANEY jAMAL, ANN LIN,

ANDREW SHRYOCK, RONALD STOCKTON, ANO MARK TESSLER.

(DETROIT ARAB AMERICAN STUDY TEAM) Citizenship and Crisis: Arab Detroit after 9/11 (GAMAL GASIM)

jUSTIN GEST. Apart: Alienated and Engaged Muslims in the West Ú. CHRISTOPHER SOPER)

H.A. HELLYER. Muslims ofEurope: The 'Other' Europeans (ALEXANDRE CAJERO)

CHRISTINE M.)ACOBSEN. Islamic Traditions and Muslim Youth in Norway (THIJL SUNIER)

CYNTHIA ENLOE. Nimo's War, Emma's War: Making Feminist Sense of the Iraq War (KATHERINE NATANEL)

68

69

71

74

75

78

79

82

84

85

87

89

91

93

MADELINE C. ZILFI. Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Design ofDifference (RUTH RODEO)

ELIZABETH M. BUCAR. Creative Conformity: The Feminist Politics ofU.S. Catholic and Iranian Shi ,i Women (ALEXANDER )ABBARI)

MARGOT BADRAN, ED. Gender and Islam in Africa: Rights, Sexua/ity, and Law (ADELINE MASQUELIER)

)ANE BRISTOL-RHYS. Emirati Women: Generations ofChange (MARY ANN fAY)

AHMED HAMID. Hassan Fathy and Continuity in Islamic Arts and Architecture: The Birth of a New Modem (MOHAMED ELSHAHED)

MAJO YASER AL-MALLAH. In the Shadows of the Master: Al-Mutanabbl's Legacy and the Quest for the Center in Fii.timid and Andalusian Poetry (ISSA). BOULLATA)

WEN-CHIN OUY ANG. Poetics ofLove in the Arabic Novel: Nation-State, Modemity and Tradition (WILLIAM M. HUTCHINS)

THOMAS W. LIPPMAN. Saudi Arabia on the Edge: The Uncertain Future of an American Al/y (DANIEL E. SPECTOR)

GREGORY D. )OHNSEN. The Last Refuge: Yemen, Al-Qaeda, and America's War in Arabia (THOMAS B. STEVENSON)

GIACOMO LUCIANI, RICHARD YOUNGS, ECKART WOERTZ ANO

STEFFEN HERTOG, EDS. The GulfRegion: Economic Development and Diversification (FRAUKE HEARD-BEY)

)AMES P. MANDA VILLE. Bedouin Ethnobotany: Plant Concepts and Uses in a Desert Pastoral World (HILARY GILBERT)

ARTHUR NESLEN. Occupied Minds: A]oumey Through the Israelí Psyche --· In Your Eyes a Sand Storm: Ways ofBeing Palestinian

(NADIA Y AQUB)

)OHN COLLINS. Global Palestine (MOHAMMED A. BAMYEH)

ROBERT OLSON. The Kurdish Nationalist Movements in Turkey, 1980 to 2011: Oppression, Resistance, War, Education in the Mother Tongue and Relations with the Kurdistan Regional Govemment (ÍPEK GENCEL SEZGIN)

EvA WEGNER. Islamist Opposition in Authoritarian Regimes: The Party of ]ustice and Development in Morocco (NATHAN J. BROWN)

95

96

98

100

103

105

107

109

111

112

115

117

120

122

124

BOOK REVIEWS

VALERIE]. HOFFMAN. The Essentials ofibii~i Islam (PAUL M. LOVE,JR.)

Too o LA WSON. The Crucifixion and the Qur , an: A Study in the History of Muslim Thought (DA VID R. VISHANOFF)

ROBERT GLEA VE. Islam and Literalism: Literal Meaning and Interpretation in Islamic Legal Theory (MATTHEW B. INGALLS)

M.E. MCMILLAN. The Meaning ofMecca: The Politics ofPilgrimage in Ear/y Islam (SYED RIZWAN ZAMIR)

MARTIN VAN BRUINESSEN AND STEF ANO ALLIEVI, EDS.

Producing Islamic Knowledge: Transmission and Dissemination in Westem Europe (ZAKYI IBRAHIM)

MOHAMMAD HASSAN KHALIL. Islam and the fa te of Others: The Salvation Question QoN HOOVER)

REZA ASLAN AND AARON J. HAHN TAPPER. Muslims and]ews in America: Commonalities, Contentions, and Complexities (SHAUL MAGID)

ÜUSMANE OUMAR KANE. The Homeland Is the Arena: Religion, Transnationalism, and the Integration ofSenegalese Immigrants in America (KATHERINE WILEY)

LOUISE A. CAINKAR. Homeland Insecurity: The Arab-American and Muslim American Experience After 9/11 (GARBI SCHMIDT)

WAYNE BAKER, SALLY HOWELL, AMANEY jAMAL, ANN LlN,

ANDREW SHRYOCK, RONALD STOCKTON, AND MARK TESSLER.

(DETROIT ARAB AMERICAN STUDY TEAM) Citizenship and Crisis: Arab Detroit after 9/11 (GAMAL GASIM)

JUSTIN GEST. Apart: Alienated and Engaged Muslims in the West Ú. CHRISTOPHER SOPER)

H.A. HELLYER. Muslims ofEurope: The 'Other' Europeans (ALEXANDRE CAlERO)

CHRISTINE M.JACOBSEN. Islamic Traditions and Muslim Youth in Norway (THIJL SUNIER)

CYNTHIA ENLOE. Nimo's War, Emma's War: Making Feminist Sense of the Iraq War (KATHERINE NATANEL)

68

69

71

74

75

78

79

82

84

85

87

89

91

93

MADELINE C. ZILFI. Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Design ofDifference (RUTH RoDEO)

ELIZABETH M. BUCAR. Creative Conformity: The Feminist Politics ofU.S. Catholic and Iranian Shi ,i Women (ALEXANDER JABBARI)

MARGOT BADRAN, ED. Gender and Islam in Africa: Rights, Sexuality, and Law (ADELINE MASQUELIER)

JANE BRISTOL-RHYS. Emirati Women: Generations ofChange (MARY ANN FAY)

AHMED HAMID. Hassan Fathy and Continuity in Islamic Arts and Architecture: The Birth of a New Modem (MOHAMED ELSHAHED)

MAJD YASER AL-MALLAH. In the Shadows of the Master: Al-Mutanabbi's Legacy and the Quest for the Center in Fiitimid and Andalusian Poetry (ISSAJ. BOULLATA)

WEN-CHIN OUYANG. Poetics ofLove in the Arabic Novel: Nation-State, Modemity and Tradition (WILLIAM M. HUTCHINS)

THOMAS W. LIPPMAN. Saudi Arabia on the Edge: The Uncertain Future of an American Ally (DANIEL E. SPECTOR)

GREGORY D. JOHNSEN. The Last Refuge: Yemen, Al-Qaeda, and America's War in Arabia (THOMAS B. STEVENSON)

GIACOMO LUCIANI, RICHARD YOUNGS, ECKART WOERTZ AND

STEFFEN HERTOG, EDS. The GulfRegion: Economic Development and Diversification (FRAUKE HEARD-BEY)

JAMES P. MANDA VILLE. Bedouin Ethnobotany: Plant Concepts and Uses in a Desert Pastoral World (HILARY GILBERT)

ARTHUR NESLEN. Occupied Minds: A]oumey Through the Israelí Psyche --· In Your Eyes a Sand Storm: Ways ofBeing Palestinian

(NADIA Y AQUB)

JOHN COLLINS. Global Palestine (MOHAMMED A. BAMYEH)

ROBERT OLSON. The Kurdish Nationalist Movements in Turkey, 1980 to 2011: Oppression, Resistance, War, Education in the Mother Tongue and Relations with the Kurdistan Regional Govemment (ÍPEK GENCEL SEZGIN)

EvA WEGNER. Islamist Opposition in Authoritarian Regimes: The Party of ]ustice and Development in Morocco (NATHAN J . BROWN)

95

96

98

100

103

105

107

109

111

112

115

117

120

122

124

NICOLE F. WATIS. Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in 126 Turkey (AY~E BETÜL \=ELIK)

LAURENT BONNEFOY. Salafism in Yemen: Transnationalism and Religious 128 ldentity (FLAGG MILLER)

jOSHUA L. GLEIS ANO BENEDETI A BERTI. Hezbol/ah and Ha mas: 130 A Comparative Study (DANIEL E. SPECTOR)

LORRY M. FENNER, MARI< E. STOUT, ANO jESSICA L. GOLDINGS, EDS. 132 Ten Years Later: Insights on ai-Qaeda's Past and future through Captured Records (SHERIFA ZUHUR)

KIMBERLY MARTEN. Warlords: Strong-Arm Brokers in Weak States (ARIEL l. AHRAM)

ANTHONY TIRADO CHASE. Human Rights, Revolution, and Reform in the Muslim Wor/d (TUGRUL KESKIN)

JENNY WHITE. Muslim Nationalism and the New Turks ( GAMZE CA VDAR)

BETH BUGGENHAGEN. Muslim Fami/ies in G/oba/Sénéga/: Money Takes Care of Shame (O U S MANE KANE)

KADER KONUK. East West Mimesis: Auerbach in Turkey (BERNADETIE ANDREA)

ERRATA

134

136

138

141

143

146

From the Editor

In This lssue The present volume of RoMES begins with the text of immediate past President Fred M. Donner's address, delivered to MESA members at the annual meeting in Denver, Colorado, November 18, 2012. In his essay titled "MESA and the American University," Donner describes the importance of Middle East studies-in comparison a small program of studies within the complex of schools, departments and programs in sorne, but not all, American universities-an area of academic research and teaching that has nonetheless grown dramatically during the past half century. This has occurred partly in response to events in the Middle East and to American foreign policy. Yet Middle East studies centers and curriculums have had to face their share ofthe economic austerity that confronts institutions ofhigher education as a whole. And we are seeing a general shift in national educational policy away from the humanities and social sciences-the disciplinary homes of most scholars and students in Middle East studies-to the physical sciences, technology, as well as away from classroom teaching to virtual classrooms online. Donner concludes his engaging but troubling analysis of higher education today, and the fate that Middle East studies inevitably shares with it, by suggesting steps that we as faculty, students, policy makers and concerned citizens can and ought to be taking in response.

As the articles and reviews appearing in this issue of RoMES were being prepared for publication, demonstrations to preserve a parkjust offTaksim Square in Istanbul were beginning-leading in a few days toa standoffbetween the growing demands of demonstrators anda hardening of police responses ordered by Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. We asked associate editor Sultan Tepe, a political scientist from the University oflllinois at Chicago, who was preparing to leave for Istanbul to conduct previously planned research,

1