EDITOR-IN-CHIEF MANAGINGEDITOR MuzayyinAhyar …

EDITOR-IN-CHIEFAlfitri

MANAGING EDITORMuzayyin Ahyar

EDITORSMurjaniLilik AndaryuniMuhammad IswadiAkhmad Nur Zaroni

EDITORIAL BOARDNoorhaidi Hasan (Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University, INDONESIA)Melissa Crouch (University of New South Wales, AUSTRALIA)Nyi Nyi Kyaw (National University of Singapore, SINGAPORE)Sayed Sikandar Shah Haneef (International Islamic University Malaysia,MALAYSIA)Ratno Lukito (Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University, INDONESIA)Mohammad Abdun Nashir (Mataram State Islamic University,INDONESIA)Dani Muhtada (State University of Semarang, INDONESIA)Zezen Zainal Mutaqin (University of California Los Angeles, USA)Delmus Puneri Salim (Manado State Institute of Islamic Studies,INDONESIA)Abdurrahman Raden Aji Haqqi (University Islam Sultan Sharif Ali,BRUNEI DARUSSALAM)Haitham Osta, (King Abdulaziz University, SAUDI ARABIA)

ASSISTANT TO THE EDITORSSayuri

COVER DESIGNERNurul Huda

Vol. 18, Issue 1, June 2019

MAZAHIB JURNAL PEMIKIRAN HUKUM ISLAM (ISSN: 1829-9067|E-ISSN: 2460-6588) is an international journal published by the Facultyof Syariah, IAIN Samarinda. This scholarly periodical specializes in thestudy of Islamic law and seeks to present the various results of thelatest research, both conceptual-doctrinal and empirical, on thefield. The publication of an article in this journal is an essentialbuilding block in the development of a respected network of knowledge.It is a direct reflection of the quality of the work of the authors and theinstitutions that support them. Peer-reviewed articles support andembody the scientific method. It is important to agree upon standards ofexpected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing:the author, the journal editors, the peer reviewers, and the publisher.

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Table of Contents

Articles

1 Heru Susetyo, et.alRegulating Halal Products in Indonesia:Between Religious Needs and Socio-EconomicChallenges

43 Dian Mustika & Siti MarlinaIntegrated Marriage Itsbat in Jambi City:Analyzing the Problems behind Its Implementation

75 Alfarid Fedro, et.alLegal Analysis on the Fatwa ofSharia National Council on Rahn:Between Legal Philosophy and Its Implementation inIndonesia Sharia Pawnshop

117 SyaikhuThe Dispute Settlements of Inheritance in PalangkaRaya:A Legal Anthropology Approach

143 HervinaThe Development Strategy of Intellectual PropertyRights and the Quest for Materials Copyrighted inIslamic Higher Education

https://journal.iain-samarinda.ac.id/index.php/mazahib/indexP-ISSN: 1829-9067 | E-ISSN: 2460-6588

MUSLIM FEMINISTS’ READING OF THE QURAN:A Juristic Analysis on Family Law Issues

Sayed Sikandar Shah [email protected]

Saidatolakma bt Mohd [email protected]

Mohammed Farid Ali [email protected]

Department of Islamic JurisprudenceInternational Islamic University Malaysia

AbstractMuslim feminist movement represents an indigenous voice among thecontemporary literature on women and family. Its main contention isthat women in Muslim society are accorded less favourable treatmentespecially in terms of legal rights. To remedy the situation, feministscholarship’s main argument is that there is a need for feminist-reading of the sacred texts so as to purge the juristic legacy of male-biased views and achieve justice and equality for Muslim women incontemporary families. One principal methodological framework forthis idea to materialise is to embark on the re-reading of the Quranfrom the women`s perspective. In this context, this paper presentsissue-based analysis of Amina Wadud’s reading of the relevantQuranic passages on family law matters and finds that in spite of itsmerits, its main handicap lies on its methodological flaws, both interms of approach and outcome. Methodologically, it is regarded asselective and ultra-vires of Islamic methodology of legal reform. Itterms of impact, it is suspected as being tainted with Westerninspired assumptions of rights in terms of justice and equalitybetween the genders. To overcome this impasse, the paper argues fora mediated holistic approach to harmonise relations between menand women in the family.

Keywords: Family law, gender equality, justice, Muslim feminist.

Mazahib, Vol 17, No.2 (December 2018), Pp.1-27 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ mj.v17i1.1056

THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OFINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THEQUEST FOR MATERIALS COPYRIGHTED IN

ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION

HervinaIAIN [email protected]

Abstract:Intellectual Property Rights becomes a serious discussion

in some universities, especially in the Perguruan TinggiKeagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN, State Islamic HigherEducation system). The lack of copyrighted academic worksin some PTKIN is the background why this article ispublished. This article aims at looking some developmentstrategies that are exist in several universities in Indonesia.Using empirical studies, this article explores someexperiences of three universities related to the strategy ofdeveloping intellectual property rights. These threeuniversities are Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta (UII,Islamic University of Indonesia), Universitas Islam NegeriSunan Gunung Djati Bandung (UIN Bandung, Sunan GunungDjati State Islamic University of Bandung) and InstitutAgama Islam Negeri Surakarta (Surakarta State Institute ofIslamic Studies). This article finds that the development ofintellectual property rights institutions in higher educationincludes four important things: mission, goals, strategies andpolicies. The conclusion of this article confirms that severaluniversities have established institutions for strengtheningintellectual property rights by having clear visions andmeasurable targets, so as to produce the right policies.Meanwhile, some higher education institutions have not

Mazahib, Vol 18, No.1 (June 2019), Pp. 142-60 http://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v18i1.1389

| Mazahib, Vol 18, No.1 (June 2019)144

established yet institution of Intellectual Property Right.However, several universities have been starting tostrengthen the protection of intellectual property rights byraising some lecturers’ research to be copyrighted academicworks.

Keywords: Intellectual property rights, strategies for thedevelopment of IPR, Universities and IPR inIndonesia.

AbstrakHak Cipta menjadi pembahasan serius di perguruan tinggi,khususnya di perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri.Sedikitnya karya akademik yang memiliki perlindunganHak Kekayaan Intelektual di PTKIN menjadi latar belakangmengapa artikel ini ditulis. Artikel ini bertujuan untukmelihat sejauh mana strategi pengembangan yang ada dibeberapa perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Denganmenggunakan studi empiris, artikel ini mencobamengexplorasi beberapa pengalaman perguruan tinggiterkait dengan strategi pengembangan hak kekayaanintelektual. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa pengembanganLembaga hak kekayaan intelektual di perguruan tinggimencakup empat hal: misi, tujuan, strategi dan kebijakan.Kesimpulan artikel ini menegaskan bahwa beberapaperguruan tinggi telah mendirikan Lembaga penguatan hakkekayaan intelektual dengan memiliki visi-misi yang jelasdan target terukur, sehingga mampu melahirkan kebijakanyang tepat. Sementara itu, beberapa perguruan tinggi lainbelum memiliki capaian seperti yang telah disebutkan.Namun demikian, beberapa perguruan tinggi telah memulaipenguatan hak kekayaan dengan mengangkat hasilpenelitian para dosen menjadi karya akademik yangmemiliki proteksi terhadap hak kekayaan intelektual.

Kata Kunci: Hak kekayaan intelektual, strategipengembangan HKI, Perguruan Tinggi dan HKIdi Indonesia

Hervina, The Development Strategy of Intellectual Property Rights… | 145

A. IntroductionAccording to Indirani and Wicaksono, Intellectual

Property Rights (IPR), in general, can be understood by aright that belong to someone for his result of intellectualworks. The rights are including to take benefit, evenmaterially or non-materially, from that work.1 Thedefinition mentioned signifies the important things ofprotection made by someone, including for scholars whoconcern in academic works like journal article, academicpaper, and research report. Thus, the discussion of IPRalso important in the field of higher education. One ofhigher education system in Indonesia is Perguruan TinggiKeagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN, State Islamic HigherEducation) The existence of IPR, indeed, becomes one ofproblems in Islamic Higher education in Indonesia. Thiscan be seen from the lack of IPR institutions that found ineach Islamic Higher Education. This condition has aconsequence on the demands in every accreditationassessment of department which related to somecopyrighted academic works as a legal proof of copyrightedmaterials. As what famous known that there are manyscientific products in higher education specifically relatedto scientific works such as books, journal and researchreports that have not legal protection. Then, it is mostpossibly that the products of scientific work can be claimedby others. In addition, unregistered products in IPRNumber has also could decrease standard values inaccreditation process of department. This is what causesthe presence of IPRs to be urgently needed in Islamic

1 Indirani Wauran-Wicaksono, “Hak Kekayaan IntelektualSebagai Benda: Penelusuran Dasar Perlindungan HKI diIndonesia” Jurnal Refleksi Hukum, Volume 9, Nomor 2, Tahun2015, 134.


Higher Education in particular. According to Arif and Rosni,through the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, each collegemust pay attention to the aspects of IPR on some researchresults that conducted by lecturers. The results of theresearch carried out by the University so far are stilloriented in order to obtain credit numbers as aperformance for promotion. The results of research that arecommercially valuable and copyrighted materials eligibilityare still less attention from some scholars.2

For expressing a protection interest, university needsto find an internal institution which has a special duty. Inthis case, according to author’s observation, someuniversities have not considerable attention for foundingthis internal institution. This condition indicates that IPRhas not become a priority in higher education level. Forresponding this condition, IAIN Samarinda (State Institutefor Islamic Studies of Samarinda) has been doing severalefforts to form this IPR institution, starting from holdingIPR seminars and inviting IPR experts in public lecturesand workshops. Various efforts should be made to supportthe existence of this institution in order to developed IPRdiscourses in IAIN Samarinda.

From theoretical framework, some regulated objectsregulated in IPR are works that born because of humanintellectual abilities. Intellectual Property Rights is anexclusive right granted to a person or group of people fortheir work. Intellectual Property Rights is a property rightwithin the scope of technology, science, art and humanities.Basically, the ownership is not the copyrighted goods, butthe results of human intellectual abilities in the form ofideas.

2 Muhammad Arif, Rosni, “Pemanfaatan dan PengelolaanHak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) Sebagai StrategiPengembangan Kewirausahaan”, Jurnal Geografi, Volume 10,Nomor 1, tahun 2018, 99.


IPR is a legal protection for inventors, designers andcreators by giving privilege to commercialize result of theircreativity. Intellectual Property Rights encourages researchand development activities to produce new discoveries invarious fields. Increasing and protecting IPR is sought toaccelerate industrial growth, create new jobs andencourage economic change by improving the quality of lifeof people who have brilliant ideas.

There are some studies related to IPR issues eithertheoretically or practically.3 This article would enrich someearlier studies such as; Kusnadi and Budi Santoso, in theUNDIP (Universitas Diponegoro,Diponegoro University)article repository journal entitled “Audit Hak KekayaanIntelektual Sebagai Bagian Pengelolaan Risiko KerugianBisnis Bagi Perusahaan” (Audit of Intellectual PropertyRights as Part of Managing Business Loss Risk forCompany). The study aims to determine the audit ofintellectual property rights as part of managing the risk ofbusiness losses for companies. Intellectual Property Rightsassets are currently underestimated by most companies inIndonesia. When looking at the economic value produced,the asset is far more profitable than the tangible assets.This research was conducted using the juridical-normativeapproach. The data of the research results were analyzednormatively. The results of the study found that theconcept of risk-based IPR Audit can be used by companiesby knowing the role and position in the company.Furthermore, the right time and scope of identification of

3 Rami M. Olwan, Intellectual Property and Development: Theory andPractice (Springer Science & Business Media, 2013); DarmawatiDarmawati, “Islamic Law and Copyright In Academic World: TheDynamic Debates between Privatization and Distribution ofKnowledge,” Mazahib 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2018),https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v17i1.948; Gaëlle Krikorian and AmyKapczynski, Access to Knowledge in the Age of Intellectual Property(Zone Books, 2010).


the implementation of risk-based IPR Audit as well as thestages in implementing IPR audits based on the risk ofbusiness losses. The risk phenomenon arises from themaintenance and maintenance of intellectual propertyrights assets that are not specifically and measurablyassessed.4

Another study is the article entitle “Culture andIntellectual Property Development in Indonesia”. This papertries to describe the misunderstanding of some peopleabout IPR. Properly, Intellectual Property Right is not onlydiscussing about the protection ‘an-sich’, but also lookingat cultural perspective, especially in seeing variousportraits of events. In the end, IPR as part of culture can befurther developed by paying attention to the priority needsof the Indonesian people.5

Some scholars who affiliated with IAIN Samarindahave many scientific works without copyrighted materials.It might affect that some works are vulnerable to beingclaimed by others. For instance, the results of research,journal articles, books and several other things. Theseworks should be inspected in an institution specificallydealing with IPR issues. Moreover, IAIN Samarinda has atarget of being transformed into University level, whichincidentally will open a non-Islamic study program.Consequently, protection is not only in the form ofcopyright but also property rights related to scientificproducts. This is what has become my academic problem tothis research, as the author, to be more serious in

4Kusnadi dan Budi Santoso, “Audit Hak Kekayaan IntelektualSebagai Bagian Pengelolaan Risiko Kerugian Bisnis Bagi Perusahaan”,e-Jurnal UNDIP. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ lawreform/article/view/12435/9385

5 Agus Sardjono, “Culture and Intellectual Property Development inIndonesia”, INDONESIA Law Review, Year 1 Vol. 3, September -December 2011, 237-252.


conducting research related to the IPR developmentstrategy. I respond to this academic problem by exploringthe experiences gained by several IPR professionalinstitutions in Indonesia that continue to take part inprotecting people’s intellectual property rights.

Relied on some of the theoretical reviews above, thisarticle prefers to focus on the problem of IPR developmentstrategies, interested cases relating to the process of IPRdevelopment, opportunities and challenges for developmentstrategies of IPR in Indonesian universities.

This article based on field work research thatexplores IPR Development Strategies in universities inIndonesia. The type of this research is a case study that iscarried out intensively and deeply towards an individualinstitution or certain symptoms with a narrow area orsubject. 6

This research focuses on the strategy of developingIPR institutions at universities in Indonesia by conductingobservations, interviews and documentations in threeplaces: UIN Bandung (State Islamic University of Bandung,UII Yogyakarta (Indonesia Islamic University of Yogyakarta)and IAIN Surakarta (Surakarta State Institute of IslamicStudies).

B. Intellectual Property Rights and Strategy for itsDevelopment

Literally, strategy means tactics.7 Whereas, strategyterminologically means a careful plan about an activity toachieve specific goals. 8 Strategy also can mean the ability

6 Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu PendekatanPraktek, (Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta, 1998), 23.

7 John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris Indonesia,(Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2007); 701.

8 Tim Penyusun, Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, ed. 3 cet. 3,(Jakarta: Balai Pustaka 2005); 423.


to organize troops in order to win before the battle againstthe enemy.9 Sedarmayanti defines the word strategy as along-term plan followed by the implementation of actionsaimed at achieving victory. 10

In its theory, there are several approaches to asset avalue of IPR, market approach, income approach and costapproach.11 In formulating a strategy, I tend to use theworkflow as follows: first, determining the company'smission, second determining the objectives achieved,thirdly developing strategies, and determine policyguidelines.12

Intellectual property right is actually associated witha right of private law which appreciate human contributionin producing materials commodity.13 In general, IPR consistof two main section: (a) property rights that related toindustry and (b) property rights that related to copyrights.As for property rights related to the industry, it is dividedinto (1) Patent Rights (both ordinary and simple patents), (2)Industrial Design, (3) Integrated Circuit Layout, (4)Trademarks, (5) Service Marks and (6) Trade Secrets.Whereas, Copyrights section include, but not limited to (1)

9 M. Suyanto, Marketing Strategy Top Brand Indonesia,(Yogyakarta: C.V Andi Offset, 2007); 16.

10 Sedarmayanti, Manajemen Strategi, (Bandung: PT RefikaEditama, 2014); 2.

11 Sri Mulyani, “Pengembangan HKI sebagai Collateral (Agunan)untuk MendapatkanKredit Perbankan di Indonesia”, Jurnal DimaikaIlmu, Volume 12 Nomor 3, September Tahun 2012, 573. Lihat jugaShannon P. Pratt & Allina V. Naculita, valuing a Bussines The Analisysand Apraisal Closely Held Companies, (New York: Third Edition,Shannon Pratt Paluation, Inc, Copyright by The Mc-Graw, HillCompanies; 367-369.

12 Rachmat, Manajemen Strategik, (Bandung: CV Pustaka Setia,2014); 14.

13 Andrian Krisnawati dan Gazalba Sakeh, Perlindungan HakVarietas Tanaman Baru Dalam Prespektif Hak Paten dan HakPemuliaann Tanaman, (Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2004); 14.


Art and Literature, (2) Pictures, (3) Films, (4) Photography,(5) Computer Software, (6) Architecture.14

In other theory, Intellectual Property Rights can bedivided into two categories, namely: Copyright andIndustrial Property Rights. Industrial Property Rightsinclude Patents, Brands, Industrial Designs, LayoutDesigns for Integrated Circuits, Trade Secrets and PlantVarieties. In accordance to property rights, even propertyrights is undefined on the Agreement on Trade-RelatedAspects of Intellectual Property Rights, but this agreementrevealed that property rights consist of:15

1. Copyright and rights relating to copyright (such asrights of art);

2. show, sound record producer and broadcastingorganization)

3. Brand;4. Geographical Indications;5. Industrial Design;6. Patent;7. Integrated Circuit Design;8. Trade Secrets and Data on Tests (Test Data)9. New Plant Varieties.

C. Strategies on IPR Development in IndonesianUniversities

This field work aims at deeply exploring to strategy ofIPR development in several universities in Indonesia. Thereare three universities that become model of this research:

14 Andrian Krisnawati dan Gazalba Sakeh, Perlindungan HakVarietas….

15 Suyud Margono, Aspek Hukum Komersialisasi AsetIntelektual (Bandung: Penerbit Nuansa Aulia, 2010), 12.


1. Pusat Studi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual UII (Center ofIntellectual Property Right, Islamic University ofIndonesia, Yogyakarta)

2. Pusat Lembaga Hak Kekayaan Intelectual UIN SunanGunung Djati Bandung (IPR Institution Center, SunanGunung Jati State Islamic University, Bandung)

3. Pusat Lembaga Hak Kekayaan Intelektual IAINSurakarta (IPR Institution of IAIN Surakarta, SurakartaState Institute of Islamic Studies, Surakarta)

These three universities are the object of researchbecause the three universities represent Islamicuniversities in Indonesia. As discussed in the previousparagraph, Islamic universities are facing serious problemsin protecting various academic products which conductedby some scholars. For this reason, I will describe thefindings of research that has been conducted forapproximately three months related to the strategy of IPRDevelopment in several universities in Indonesia.

1. Strategy of IPR DevelopmentStrategy is an action that will guide top management

decisions in realizing the program. In addition, thestrategy also impacts on the future of the internalorganization. Therefore, the nature of the strategy isalways oriented towards the future. Strategies havemultifunctional or multidivisional consequences. In itsformulation, the strategy needs to consider the internaland external factors facing the company. The importantquestion of strategy should start with the question whatwould be happen and not start from what happened.Strategy formulation is very necessary after knowingsome threats, opportunities, strengths and weaknessesof the strategy formulator.


In formulating a strategy, this article uses theworkflow as follows: first, determining the company'smission, second determining the objectives achieved,thirdly developing strategies, and determining policyguidelines.a. Institutional Mission

Institutional mission is a primary aim for thereason of the establishment of institution. Theorganization's well-prepared mission statementidentifies the underlying objectives that are distortedbetween a company and another company. Inaddition, the organization's mission describes theoperating range of the company in offering productsand serving the market.

According to my research findings, IPRInstitution Center of UII Yogyakarta (IslamicUniversity of Indonesia) has 3 important-aimedmissions:1) Organizing IPRs Education

The Center Institution of IPR in UII has beenestablished since 2006. One of its activities in thefield of education and community is organizingIPR education in the form of seminars /workshops / training aimed at the widercommunity, both organizational and personal. Infact, this institution has become a consultinginstitution whose work has penetrated into theouter regions of Yogyakarta. Furthermore, theCenter institutions of Intellectual Property Rightsof UII has received a legal license for Property andCopyright management from the DirectorateGeneral of Intellectual Property Rights of theMinistry of Law and Human Rights of theRepublic of Indonesia.


2) Conducting developmental Research for IPROne of the interesting programs of the IPR Centeris a research-based service program. The IPRCenter of UII has a project of social-servicementoring. This project starts by identifying apotential of a region. After being well identified,the agency officers from IPR Center carry outintensive assistance, with the aim that themanagement can produce profitable products.Then, it come to the administrative managementstage of patent registration, so that the producthas protection and becomes the property of theworking group. There have been many craftcenters which produce patent products.

3) Implementation, utilization and management ofIPRThe Center of IPR of UII has developed its work asa consultant institution for Intellectual PropertyRights, so that its existence can be felt by thewider community. One of the latest innovationsdeveloped is to provide a brand for regionalgovernment according to all patented products inthe area. So that the ownership identity can notonly be known personally but also by theprocessing area. Besides, some local governmentsbe well participated in providing protection forproducts that produced by the local people.

Unlike the center of HKI in UII, the IPR Institutionof UIN Sunan Gunung Jati Bandung and IAIN Surakartajust established in 2017 under organization of LembagaPenelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LPPM, Institutefor Research and Community Service). The twoinstitution has not a strict mission yet to develop its IPR


centers. Nevertheless, the IPR Institution of UIN SunanGunung Djati has begun to take care of 43 works oflecturers to obtain IPR certificates which are results ofscholars research. This step was taken as a trigger for areal work program in the coming years. In other side, IPRinstitution in IAIN Surakarta just proposed somelecturers works to be registered in copyright process.

Higher Education InstitutionsUII UIN Bandung IAIN Surakarta

1 Organizing IPReducation

They do not havea mission yet.IPR institutionadministratorsbegin theirefforts for IPRmainstreamingby registeringcopyright oflecturer’s work.This attempt asinitial action tomotivatelecturers andestablishinstitutionalwork betweenuniversity andThe Ministry ofLaw and HumanRights as anauthoritativeinstitution forIPR

They do not havea mission yet. IPRinstitutionadministratorsbegin their effortsfor IPRmainstreaming byregisteringcopyright oflecturer’s work.This attempt asinitial action tomotivate lecturersand establishinstitutional workbetweenuniversity andThe Ministry ofLaw and HumanRights as anauthoritativeinstitution for IPR

2 Conductingdevelopmentalresearch for IPR

3 Implementation,utilization, andmanagement ofIPR

Table 1. The development of IPRs Institution Mission


b. Institutional ObjectivesObjectives are the result of planning activities.

The projection of an objective is to formulate thingsthat will be resolved, and it should be measured ifpossible.

According to my fieldwork. There are severalinstitutional objectives that will achieved by thesethree institutions. The Center of IPR of UII hasthreefold objectives: the first, Realizing acomprehensive and sustainable understanding of IPRfor society. Second, realizing a synergic relationshipamong creators/inventors, universities, andindustries in application, utilization and managementof IPR. Third, realizing the IPR documentation centerand encouraging optimal protection and management.Based on these objectives, it can be seen that thecontinuity of the institution run dynamically. Theusefulness can be felt by wider society. The center ofHKI UII has many visitors from various groups toconduct consultations and ask for assistance relatedto IPR. In optimizing this institution as an academicproject, the center of IPR also invites some creativestudents to join in for developing IPR center in UII.

Meanwhile, UIN Bandung has a goal that everyyear there must be the work of university scholarswill be copyrighted. Currently, even though only a fewpeople are involved, these professional staff havebeen invited by some universities to shareexperiences and to provide assistance in managingcenter of IPR.

Whereas IAIN Surakarta is almost in line withUIN Bandung which is focused on increasing thework of lecturers to be copyrighted. The effort fodeveloping internal IPR institution was seriously


cultivated by IAIN Surakarta with support of allparties, especially university leaders. LembagaPenelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat IAINSurakarta (LPPM, Institute for Research andCommunity Service of IAIN Surakarta), as aninstitution that oversees IPR management, often givesvarious seminars related to the management ofcopyright to various scholars in IAIN Surakarta.

The simplification of the institutional objectivesfor IPR development could be seen in the table below:

Higher Education InstitutionUII UIN Bandung IAIN SurakartaRealizing acomprehensive andsustainableunderstanding ofIPR for society

Has not specificgoal yet, thisinstitutionemphasizes aneffort to increasesome interestingscholar’s work to becopyrightedacademic works.

Has not specificgoal yet, thisinstitutionemphasizes aneffort to increasesome interestingscholar’s work to becopyrightedacademic works.

realizing a synergicrelationship amongcreators/inventors,universities, andindustries inapplication,utilization andmanagement of IPRrealizing the IPRdocumentationcenter andencouragingoptimal protectionand management

Table 2. The institutional objectives for IPRdevelopment


c. StrategiesStrategy is a formulation of comprehensive

planning on how the company/institution willachieve its mission and objectives. Strategiesmaximize competitive advantage and minimize thelimitations of competitive ability.

Based on my observation in this research, theCenter of IPR in UII has been a strategic plan sinceestablishment. As a university paradigm, of course,scientific development covers all types of scientificfields, whether general science or religious sciences.In other words, intellectual products that can beprotected either in the form of copyright or propertyright. The significant strategic effort of Center of IPRin UII is a project of social service mentoring byidentifying a potential of a region. Through this initialproject, it will then give birth to innovative ideas bycombining the theoretical framework which discussedin university classroom, and the natural potentialthat found in the field during the social serviceactivities. Currently, The Center of IPR in UII hasestablished partnerships with several importantinstitutions, including:- Dirjen HKI Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi

Manusia Republik Indonesia (Directorate Generalof Intellectual Property Rights, The Ministry ofLaw and Human Rights of the Republic ofIndonesia)

- Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan PendidikanTinggi (The Ministry of Research, Technology andHigher Education of the Republic of Indonesia)

- The Ministry of Education of the Republic ofIndonesia

- Bank Indonesia


- Perhimpunan Masyarakat HKI Indonesia(Indonesian Intellectual Property Societies/IIPS)

- Pemerintah Provinsi Yogyakarta (RegionalGovernment of Yogyakarta)

- Pemerintah Kabupaten Temanggung (RegionalGovernment of Temanggung district)

- Dinas Perinsdustrian dan Perdagangan(Department of Industry and Trade of TarakanCity)

- Pusat Pengembangan dan PemberdayaanPendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan (CenterCenter for Development and Empowerment ofTeacher and Educational staff)

- Program Pasca Sarjana Institut Seni Indonesia(ISI) Yogyakarta. (Post-Graduate ProgramIndonesian Art Institute)

- Ikatan Penerbit Indonesia (IKAPI) Komda DIYogyakarta (KOMDA Association of IndonesianPublisher of Yogyakarta)

- Forum Mebel, Kerajinan dan Seni Yogyakarta(Formekers, Yogyakarta Furniture, Crafts andArts Forum)

- Harian Jogja (Yogyakarta Daily News)- Majalah Handicraft Indonesia (Handicraft

Magazine)- Radio Unisi Yogyakarta (Unisi Radio of

Yogyakarta)- Dagadu Yogyakarta

As for UIN Sunan Gunung Djati and IAINSurakarta, these two institutions have a simplestrategy by utilizing internal institutional resources.some of the academic works of good lecturers areprojected to get copyrigted legality.


d. Institutional Policy on Intellectual Property RightsInstitutional Policy provides broad guidelines for

overall organizational decision. Institutional Policy isalso a guideline that links formulation of strategy andimplementation. Actually, institutional policy isinterpreted and implemented through the strategiesand objectives of each division of work. Such workdivisions then give rational consideration forinstitutional policy which will be guideline for thefunctional area that they follow.

The IPR Center of UII becomes the only licensedconsulting institution in Yogyakarta. Because ofprogressive institutional policies, this institutionprovides services for the acceleration of IPRmanagement and educates some industrial companyand institution related to product protection. Thisinstitution also provides a website that provideservices and information related to IPR.

Both of IPR Institution of UIN Sunan GunungDjati and IAIN Surakarta socialized policies regardingthe acceleration of IPR registration. For lecturers whowant to register result of their academic works, theyhave to prepare some required documents which willthen be accompanied by special officers who arecompetent in administration process of IPRregistration.

2. Opportunities and Challenges in development ofIntellectual Property Right

The Intellectual Property Right Center of UII hasbecome a semi-autonomous institution within University.With its flexibility as a semi-autonomous universityinstitution, this condition seems to make institutional


movement more active, and gradually becomes adeveloping institution. The development of IPR institutioncould not be separated from bis support of professionalhuman resources of UII and extensive partnershipnetworks. The partnership intended here is not onlyformal sources, but also informal sources in amonggrassroots as civil society. In addition, the institute alsoconducts cadres by recruiting students who have a workethic and creative thinking. While the challenges felt bythe institution at this time are, the more developed typesof products or services that demand the availability ofprofessionals, while the main actor who runs the wheel islimited. Some of the human resources spread in variousdivisions they have not yet been able to performoptimally in prestigious HKI forums. In addition, thefeasibility and availability of facilities and infrastructuremust be continuously improved.

In other side, Surakarta State Institute of IslamicStudies (IAIN Surakarta) and Sunan Gunung Djati StateIslamic University of Bandung (UIN Bandung) havebudget priority in order to support IPR development. Inaddition, the leaders of these two universities also givefull attention to some efforts made by LP2M in socializingIPRs in the lecturers' community. The obstacle of IPRdevelopment in IAIN Surakarta is lack of professionalhuman resources who specifically deal with IntellectualProperty Rights.

According research findings, IPR institution insome universities have to pass some tactical steps asstrategy for developing IPR. The first, IPR Institution hasto formulate clear vision and mission. This vision can beelaborated in detail in short-term strategic plans, mid-term strategic plans, and long-term strategic plans.Second, IPR institution has to formulate clear objectives;


IPR institution must be able to read clearly theachievements in the future, so that the plannedprograms can be measured carefully by paying attentionto the strengths and weaknesses they have. The third,IPR institutions must have a development strategy byconsidering existing situation. It means that theexistence of IPR institutions must be able to representthe needs of local people. In addition. The fourth, IPRinstitution must formulate policy as realization of IPRdevelopment strategy.

D. ConclusionThe development of intellectual property rights strategy

that in three universities is organized by internal IPRinstitution. The strategy is encompassing four importantthings; mission, institutional objectives, strategy and policy.from three IPR institutions, only Intellectual Property RightCenter of Islamic University of Indonesia (IPR Center of UII)has clear vision and missions. The mission of IPR Center ofUII are Organizing IPRs Education, Conductingdevelopmental Research for IPR, Implementation,utilization and management of IPR. Whereas, UIN Bandungand IAIN Surakarta have no strict institutional objectives,these two universities are prioritizing efforts to increase thework of lecturers to be materially copyrighted.

According research findings, IPR institution in someuniversities must pass some tactical steps as strategy fordeveloping IPR. The first, IPR Institution has to formulateclear vision and mission. This vision can be elaborated indetail in short-term strategic plans, mid-term strategicplans, and long-term strategic plans. Second, IPRinstitution has to formulate clear objectives; IPR institutionmust be able to read clearly the achievements in the future,so that the planned programs can be measured carefully by


paying attention to the strengths and weaknesses they have.The third, IPR institutions must have a developmentstrategy by considering existing situation. It means that theexistence of IPR institutions must be able to represent theneeds of local people. In addition. The fourth, IPRinstitution must formulate policy as realization of IPRdevelopment strategy.


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