5
[ARC 1313] Architecture Culture & History 1 PRECEDENT STUDY NAME OF BUILDING: Edfu Temple LECTURER: Pn Sharianne STUDENTS’ NAME STUDENTS’ ID Tam Jhung Leung 0310082 Kee Zhong Jian 0309584 Goh Yee Thong 0310044 Tan Jia Qi 0310107 Jocelyn Tan Wan Wei 0310050 WORD COUNT: 509

Edfu Temple

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Research Essay.

Citation preview

Page 1: Edfu Temple

 

 

 

 [ARC  1313]  Architecture  Culture  &  History  1    

PRECEDENT  STUDY  

 

 

 

 

NAME  OF  BUILDING:   Edfu  Temple                                                                                                

LECTURER:     Pn  Sharianne    

 

STUDENTS’  NAME   STUDENTS’  ID  Tam  Jhung  Leung   0310082  Kee  Zhong  Jian   0309584  Goh  Yee  Thong   0310044  

Tan  Jia  Qi   0310107  Jocelyn  Tan  Wan  Wei   0310050  

 

WORD  COUNT:  509  

 

 

 

Page 2: Edfu Temple

 

  Ancient  Egyptian  architecture  is  the  architecture  of  ancient  Egypt,  one  of  the  most  influential  civilizations  throughout  history,  which  developed  a  vast  array  of  diverse  structures  and  great  architectural  monuments  along  the  Nile.  The  well  preserved  Temple  of  Horus  at  Edfu  is  an  example  of  Egyptian  architecture  and  architectural  sculpture.  

Edfu  Temple,  dedicated  to  the  god  Horus,  was  described  as  a  link  between  macrocosmos  (world)  and  microcosmos  (man).  The  God  and  the  King,  as  the  representative,  met  in  the  temple.  Edfu  Temple  was  not  open  for  public  worship.(Tehuti  Research  Foundation,2013).  Only  the  priest  and  the  king  are  allowed  to  enter  the  most  sacred  sanctuary  of  the  Edfu  Temple.  Edfu  Temple  was  a  place  where  statue  of  God  was  kept.  Ancient  Egyptians  had  strong  belief  in  the  concept  of  after-­‐  life  and  Edfu  Temple  was  recreation  of  Primeval  Mound  where  life  began.  It  served  its  function  as  a  noble  household.    

The  temple  was  built  in  the  Ptolemaic  period  at  the  west  bank  of  the  Nile  in  Edfu,  which  was  known  as  Apollonopolis  Magna  in  Greco-­‐Roman  times.  Even  though  there  is  no  actual  information  that  show  the  architect  who  built  this  temple,  but  Ptolemy  III  Euergetes  I  was  the  one  who  believed  to  be  the  first  to  begin  the  construction  of  the  temple  in  237BC.    The  construction  was  then  completed  in  57BC  during  the  reign  of  Ptolemy  IV.  

  The  main  building  material  for  Edfu  Temple  was  sandstone  because  it  is  resistant  to  weathering.  Sandstone,  which  is  composed  of  quartz,  is  relatively  soft  and  easy  to  be  carved.  Mudbricks  were  one  of  the  materials  used  in  the  past  “The  better  mudbricks  were  fired,  or  "burnt"  in  an  oven,  though  it  was  not  uncommon  for  mudbrick  not  to  be  fired,  and  so  not  as  durable.”(Dunn,  2013).      

Generally,  the  buildings  of  ancient  Egypt  were  built  of  stone  using  post-­‐and–lintel  system  which  is  a  system  of  architectural  construction  based  on  vertical  supports  and  horizontal  beams  as  distinguished  from  systems  based  on  arches  or  vaults.  (Merriam-­‐Webster  Online  Dictionary,  n.d.).  Most  of  the  temples  in  ancient  Egypt  were  constructed  with  beautiful  columns  shaped  from  posts  of  huge  rocks,  with  beams  placed  upon  the  posts,  and  walls  were  merely  fillings  between  uprights.  To  support  the  horizontal  beams,  the  posts  had  to  be  placed  closely  which  results  in  restricted  internal  spaces.  (Fleming  &  Honour,  2005,  p.  3).  

Edfu  Temple  had  increasingly  sacred  zones,  which  are  Pylon,  Outer  Courtyard,  Hypostyle  Hall  and  the  Sanctuary.  Temple  has  a  Pylon  that  is  considered  the  highest  among  surviving  Temples  in  Egypt  today.  It  is  37m  high  and  is  decorated  with  battle  scenes,  representing  King  Ptolemy  VIII  smiting  his  enemies  before  the  God  Horus.  Pylons  are  rectangular  towers  with  slightly  sloping  faces.  The  form  of  the  gateway  symbolized  a  rising  sun,  in  hieroglyph  as  “rising  sun”.  (Odyssey  Adventures  in  Architecture,  2013).    Within  the  pylons  is  the  colonnaded  courtyard  with  distinctive,  pared  columns,  which  leads  into  the  great  hypostyle  hall.  The  most  sacred  part  of  the  temple  was  the  sanctuary.  Barque  Shrine  was  kept  here  and  it  was  only  accessible  to  the  king  and  priest.  

 

 

Page 3: Edfu Temple

Temple  of  Edfu:  City  of  Edfu.  (2013).  Retrieved  May  2,  2013,  from    

http://www.ask-­‐aladdin.com/Temples-­‐of-­‐Egypt/edfu.html  

 

Pylon  decorated  with  battle  scenes    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Façade  of  Edfu  Temple  

 

Page 4: Edfu Temple

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Barque  Shrine  in  the  Sanctuary  of  Edfu  Temple    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Columns  of  Edfu  Temple  

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 5: Edfu Temple

Reference  List  

AskAlladin,  1999.  Temple  of  Edfu.  [online]  Available  at:  <  http://www.ask-­‐aladdin.com/Temples-­‐of-­‐Egypt/edfu.html>  [Accessed  3  May  2013].    Dunn,  J.  (2013).  Building  Materials  of  the  Pyramids  Builders.  Retrieved  2  May  2013  from  http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/material.htm      Fleming,  J.,  &  Honour,  H.  (2005).  A  World  History  of  Art    (7th  ed.).  London:  Laurence  King.    Merriam-­‐Webster  Online  Dictionary,  (n.d.).  Post-­‐and-­‐lintel  –  Definition  and  More  from  the  Free  Merrian-­‐Webster  Dictionary.  [online]  Available  at  :    <http://www.merriam-­‐webster.com/dictionary/post-­‐and-­‐lintel>  [Accessed  3  May  2013]    NHS  Evidence,  2003.  National  Library  of  Guidelines.  [online]  Available  at:  <http://www.library.nhs.uk/guidelinesFinder>  [Accessed  18  April  2011].    Odyssey  Adventures  in  Archaeology,  2013.  Egyptian  Temples  .  [online]  Available  at:  <http://www.odysseyadventures.ca/articles/egyptian_temples/egyptian_temples-­‐text.html>    Tehuti  Research  Foundation,2013.  Ancient  Egyptian  Temples.[online]  Available  at:  <http://www.egypt-­‐tehuti.org/temples.html>  [Accessed  2  May  2013].