EdExcel O Level Pakistan Studies Mark Scheme Aug 2008

Mark Scheme Summer 2008

GCE O Level

Pakist an St udies (7535)

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Summer 2008

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Contents

1. Paper 1 Mark Scheme 5

2. Paper 2 Mark Scheme 13

7535 Pakist an St udies Mark Scheme

Unit 7535 Paper 1

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

1 Normally a 7:7:6 spl it but award up t o a maximum of

10 for any one part .

General ly one mark for any point made but in

circumst ances where one is very wel l explained t wo

marks could be awarded.

(a) the administration of government

� mainly t he work of Akbar

� al lowed publ ic audiences t o redress t he grievances

of ot her subj ect s

� emperor was a benevolent despot

� cent ral administ rat ion based on four minist ers

� j udicial syst em had t hree main of f icials led by t he

Chief Qazi

� t he empire divided int o several Subas or provinces.

At t he head of each was a Governor. Each Suba

subdivided int o Sarkas

(b) economic and social conditions

� cit ies were prosperous

� agricult ure encouraged by t he St at e

� many indust ries and craf t s - musl in, cot t on and silk

� exploit at ion of weavers by middlemen

� foreign t rade wit h count ries in Asia and Europe

� societ y was a feudal organisat ion

� relat ions bet ween Musl ims and non-Musl ims was

cordial women were honoured in societ y

(c) architecture

� Emperors great pat rons of archit ect ure and

commissioned many buildings some of which st and

t oday (mosques and mausoleums)

� Akbar buil t in t he Hindu/ Musl in st yle wit h red

st ones

� Janangir cont inued Akbar’ s work, complet ing his

t omb at Sikandra

� Shah Jahan used marble and buil t some of t he

f inest buildings including t he Taj Mahal

� Several gardens were const ruct ed at Lahore and

Delhi

(Ali Part I pages 161-186, Kelly pages 4-12,

Bajwa 33-55)

(20)


Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

2 Normally a 8:12 spl it but award up t o a maximum of 8

for part (a) and 15 for part (b).




(a) East India Company

� Volume of t rade a valuable an asset

� Fear of Russian expansion in Cent ral Asia

� Expansion t owards Afghanist an

� Furt her expansion af t er t he defeat by t he Afghans

at Kabul.

� Fear of French and ot her Europeans gaining

foot hold

� Raw mat erials

(b) (i) Tipu Sultan

� Proved himself in 1st Anglo-Mysore War.

� King in 1782 – Treat y of Mangalore (1784)

recognised as ruler of al l t errit ories t hat belonged

t o his fat her

� Conf l ict wit h Brit ish led t o defeat in 3rd

A-M War,

died in 4t h

War.

� Domest ic – t reat ed Hindus wel l , st opped

polyandry, drinking and sel l ing of wine, landlords

abol ished, general ly prosperit y.

(ii) Ranj it Singh

� Early conquest s

� Sikh Punj ab ruler

� Treat y wit h Brit ish in 1838

� Refuses t o assist Brit ain wit h Afghanist an

(Kelly pages 16-17, 22, 19,32, Bajwa pages 88-91)

(20)


Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark






(a)causes

� expansion of Brit ish

� Doct rine of Lapse

� exclusion of Indians f rom import ant post s

� landowners deprived of t heir lands and excessive

t axat ion on t hem and peasant s

� abol it ion of sat i

� conversion t o Christ ianit y and t eaching of it in

schools

� dif ferences in salaries of sepoys and Brit ish

soldiers

� mil it ary reforms out raged rel igious feel ings of

sepoys

� greased cart ridge

(b) failure

� absence of unit y of act ion among rebels

� mil it ary leaders gave l it t le support . Mut ual

j ealousies and int rigue prevailed

� revolt conf irmed t o a l imit ed area, many Indians

remained fait hful t o Brit ish

� superiorit y of Brit ish t roops and mil i t ary leaders

� Brit ish assist ed by Gurkhas and Sikhs

� Reckless vandal ism by rebels lost t he sympat hy of

civi l populat ion

� many rebel leaders were indecisive and short -

sight ed

� concil iat ory pol icy of Lord Canning

(c) effects

� end of East India Company. Crown t ook over

cont rol

� Abolit ion of Doct rine of Lapse

� organisat ion of t he army

� decent ral isat ion of government

� change of at t i t ude by Brit ish and int roduct ion of

social / educat ional reforms

� hardening of Brit ish at t i t ude t o Musl ims who were

blamed for t he War

(Kelly pages 24-28, Bajwa pages 91-94)

(20)


Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

4 Normally a 10:10 spl it but award up t o a maximum of





(a) Why formed?

� Hindu nat ure of INC and demands

� emergence of ext reme Hindu nat ional groups

� Lucknow meet ing 1902

� Simla Delegat ion

� format ion of Musl im League in 1906

(b) Events 1906-1914

Morley-Mint o Reforms 1909 (t erms max of 3)

Accept ance of separat e elect orat e for Musl ims

Signif icance of Bengal Part it ion reversed 1911

Brit ish support of Balkan st at es against Turkey in 1913

furt her weakened relat ions

ML grow closer t oget her by 1914 due t o Brit ish failure

t o grant more right s t o Indians


(20)


Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark






(a) Montague Chelmsford Reforms 1919

� main feat ures relat ing t o dyarchy

� separat e elect orat e for Musl ims

� Congress and Musl im League accept ed provisions

wit h reservat ions

(b) Nehru Report 1928

� All Part ies Conference produced t he Report

� demand for dominion st at us

� Ant i Musl im sent iment s in provisions

(c) Communal Award 1932

� background leading up t o 3rd RTC

� In absence of agreement bet ween CP and ML

Brit ish t o impose t erms of CA for fut ure elect ions

� Muslims t o be given weight age in Hindu-dominat ed

provinces, but Musl im maj orit y in Punj ab and

Bengal reduced

� Sindh made anot her Musl im province

� Unpopular wit h ML (agreed t o it ) and CP(rej ect ed

it )

(Kelly pages 59, 72-73, 76, Bajwa pages 103-105,

109-110,

(20)


Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark


10 for any one language.




Sindhi

� Sindhi Lit eracy Board set up in 1948

� 1954 sees Bazm-e-Tal ib-ul-Muala

� Dr Akhbar Drazi est abl ishes t he Sarmast Academy

� Today used in TV and radio and newspapers in t he

media

Punjabi

� Punj abi l i t erat ure t aught t o M.A. level

� Government support for i t s development

Pushto

� Pusht o received a great boost af t er 1947

� Inf luence of Sahibzada Abdul Qayum

� Foundat ion of Islamia Col lege, Peshawar and

Peshawar Universit y

� Pusht o academy set up in 1954 which lat er

prepared t he Pusht o dict ionary

Baluchi

� Radio Pakist an in Karachi began broadcast s in

Baluchi language

� Baluchi Lit erary Associat ion set up and has

publ ished magazines and art icles in Baluchi, e.g.

Nan Kessan and Olassis

� Bible publ ished in Baluchi

� Quet t a TV st at ion promot ed Baluchi language

(Kelly pages 39-43, Bajwa 189-193)

(20)


Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark





marks could be awarded. Maximum of 13 for any

candidat e who only provides a narrat ive of bot h.

� Disadvant ages faced by East Pakist an in t erms of

lack of indust ry, poor cl imat e and feel ings of

isolat ion

� advant age of j ut e which was t he largest export

and no border disput es wit h India

� resent ful of under-represent at ion in t he Pakist an

Army, Civil Service and j udiciary

� no say in int ernal provincial mat t ers unt i l 1970

� very pol it ical ly conscious and t ook great pride in

t heir local language and cult ure

� Six Point s of Sheikh Muj ib-ur-Rehman (max of 3)

� Nat ional Assembly meet ing post poned in 1971

� Led t o st rikes, publ ic demonst rat ions

� t hreat of civi l war and breakdown of t alks


(20)


Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark





marks could be awarded. Maximum of 10 for any

candidat e who only provides a narrat ive of part (a).

(a) Domestic policies

� Dealing wit h af t er ef fect s of Bhut t o – Mart ial Law

� Islamisat ion

� The Hadood Ordinance Liquor/ wine

prohibit ed; Thef t punished Islamical ly; St oning

for adult ery

� The Qazaf Ordinance 4 adult Musl im wit nesses

required for al legat ions t o be proven

� Zakat and Ushr Tax Ordinances -Islamic t ax

reform in cash and kind. Implement at ion of t ax

reform by Zakat Councils

Law and government

� Const it ut ion (Amendment ) Act 1979 est abl ished

mil i t ary court s t o t ry of fenders according t o

mart ial law

� Provisional Const it ut ional Order 1980 t ook

away right of court s t o chal lenge any pol it ical

execut ive decision

� Civil Service brought under mil i t ary cont rol .

Many post s f i l led wit h mil i t ary of f icers

� Elect ions t o be held in 1985 but t o cont inue as

President . Amendment s t o Const it ut ion passed

t o enable his cont rol t o cont inue

� Mart ial Law l if t ed in 1985

(b) Why assassinated?

� Problems in holding ont o power – problems in

Sindh and NWFP

� Army weapons dump at Oj hri Camp blew up in

1988

� PM Junej o dismissed and Nat ional Assembly

dissolved in 1988

� Unclear whet her elect ions would be held fol lowing

dissolved Nat ional Assembly

� Zia’ s plane blows up August 1988


(20)


Unit 7535 Paper 2

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

1(a) A = Afghanisat an B = Ravi C = Delt a

(3)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

1(b) Area F

(1)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

1(c) Allow 33- 35 degrees nort h 1m; 72-74 degrees

east 1m. Need t o st ipulat e degrees nort h & east .

If f igures are correct but nort h/ east omit t ed t o

1m max.

(2)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

1(d) See map.

(6)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

2(a) (i) Immigrat ion 1m; emigrat ion 1m. Al low int ernat ional

migrat ion for 1m

(i i) 1. reasons for fal l ing birt hrat e eg educat ion of

women/ birt h cont rol / aspirat ions/ fal l ing infant

mort al it y

4m

2. reasons for fal l ing deat h rat e eg

medicine/ welfare/ hygiene/ educat ion

4m

(10)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

2(b) Level 1 1/ 2 marks; underst anding of concept ;

awareness of variat ions; Level 2 3/ 4 marks; named

areas t o i l lust rat e dif ferences; Level 3 5/ 6 marks;

underst ands why f igures might be misleading wit h

reference t o named areas.

6m

(6)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

3(a)(i) Allow any of 5%, 9%; 14% 56% (1)


Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

3(a)(ii) Primary (1)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

3(a)(iii) Reasons for change in ONE sect or (5)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

3(a)(iv) Furt her changes……….. (3)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

3(b) Furt her changes over 15 years or so wil l see t rends

est abl ished cont inue 1m. Reasons eg more highly

educat ed/ t rained workforce; changing demand;

t echnology; int ernat ional t rends 2m 3m

Level 1 1/ 2 marks; aware of concept ; some not ion of

impact on development

Level 2 3/ 4 marks; some det ail on cont ribut ion t o

development .

Level 3 5/ 6 marks; at t ent ion t o assessment of

cont ribut ion. Likely awareness of advant ages and

disadvant ages

(6)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

4(a) (i)Two indust ries eg sport s goods; carpet s 2m

(ii) Reserve 3m for each of advant ages and

disadvant ages; award remaining 2m where deserved.

Al low references t o l ikes of cheap labour……..

8m

(10)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

4(b) Level 1 1/ 2 marks. Awareness of some benef it s; level

2 3/ 4 marks. Focus on social benef it s; level 3 5/ 6

marks; of fers social benef it s t o bot h individual and

nat ion. 6m

16 marks

(6)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

5(a)(i) Any 2 pul l fact ors eg wider employment

opport unit ies; easier access t o heal t h care

2x1m

(2)


Number

5(a)(ii) No requirement t o adhere t o fact ors of fered. NB ‘ Soil

facil i t y’ should read ‘ soil fert i l i t y’ . Credit any val id

reference t o t he impact of soil condit ions. 8m

(8)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

5(b) Levels as shown (6)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

6(a) Advant age eg speed 1m; disadvant age eg relat ive

expense 2m

(2)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

6(b) 4 marks for descript ion; 4 marks for reasons.

Descript ion; any 4 key charact erist ics eg fol low Indus

Val ley. At max wil l demonst rat e an overal l impression.

Explanat ion; al low physical/ economic/ pol it ical fact ors

(8)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

6(c) Level 1 1/ 2 marks out l ines general advant ages of

road t ransport ; level 2 3/ 4 marks; more det ail ;

possibly explores l imit at ions of ot her t ypes; level 3

5/ 6; wel l reasoned answer wit h reference t o t he

development of ot her t ypes of t ransport .

6m

16 marks

(6)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

7(a) (i)Quet t a 1m

(i i)Peshawar 1m

(2)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

7(b) (i) Principal ly impact of al t i t ude - 2m

(i i) Cont rast bet ween marit ime and cont inent al

cl imat es – 3m

(i i i) West ern depressions in wint er as opposed

t o summer monsoon rains – 3m

(8)


Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

7(c) Level 1 1/ 2 marks; general isat ions about variabil i t y;

level 2 3/ 4 marks; aware of impact on farming and

possibil i t y of f looding; level 3 5/ 6 marks; reference

t o specif ic examples.

(6)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

8(a) Any charact erist ic of a fossil fuel eg carbon based

Example 1m

(2)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

8(b) 4m for each of t hermal and nuclear st at ions. In

each case reserve 2m for ot her fact ors. If no

reference t o Figure 6 t o 3m in each case. Answer

need not focus on Pakist an

(8)

Quest ion

Number

Answer Mark

8(c) Levels as shown

(6)

Documents

EdExcel O Level Pakistan Studies Mark Scheme Aug 2008