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Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
CLASS : II YEAR EEE
SEMESTER : III SEM
SUBJECT CODE : 131351
SUBJECT : ELECTRONIC DEVICES
AND CIRCUITS LAB
131351CIRCUITS AND DEVICES LABORATORY
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
S. No. TITLE
1.
2.
3..
4.
5.
6.
7.
8
9.
10
11.
12.
Characteristics of PN Junction diode Zener diode and Rectifier Applications
Bipolar Junction transistor -CE, CB, CC characteristics
Characteristics of FET
Characteristics & UJT
Characteristics of SCR , DIAC and TRIAC
Characteristics of Photo diode, phototransistor
Single phase half wave and full wave rectifiers with inductive and capacitive
filters.
Characteristics of BJT Amplifier frequency response
Characteristics of FET amplifier frequency response
Characteristics of Class B amplifier – Darlington pair
Characteristics of Differential amplifier
PSPICE modeling of electronic circuits
Ex. No .1a
CHARACTERISTICS OF PN JUNCTION DIODE
AIM:
To draw the forward and reverse biased characteristics of PN junction diode and to find
cut in voltage, break down voltage ,static resistance and dynamic resistance .
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 Regulated power supply (0-30) V 1
2 Ammeter
(0-30) mA 1
(0-30) µA 1
3 Voltmeter
(0-1) V 1
(0-10) V 1
3 Diode IN4001 1
4 Resistor
1 KΩ 1
5 Bread Board
- 1
6 Connecting Wire - As per required
PROCEDURE:
FORWARD BIAS:
1. Connect the circuit as per the diagram.
2. Vary the applied voltage V in steps of 0.1V.
3. Note down the corresponding Ammeter readings I.
4. Plot a graph between V & I
OBSERVATIONS:
1. Find the d.c (static) resistance = V/I.
2. Find the a.c (dynamic) resistance r = δV / δI (r = ∆∆∆∆V/∆∆∆∆I) = 12
12
II
VV
−
−.
3. Find the forward voltage drop = [Hint: it is equal to 0.7 for Si and 0.3 for Ge]
REVERSE BIAS:
1. Connect the circuit as per the diagram.
2. Vary the applied voltage V in steps of 1.0V.
3. Note down the corresponding Ammeter readings I.
4. Plot a graph between V & I
5. Find the dynamic resistance r = δδδδV / δδδδI.
FORMULA FOR REVERSE SATURATION CURRENT (IO):
Io = ∂∂∂∂I/[exp(∂∂∂∂V/ηηηηVT)]-1
Where
+
+
(0-500)µA
+ -
+
-
(0-30)V +
-
(0-30)V
VT is the voltage equivalent of Temperature = kT/q
k is Boltzmann’s constant, q is the charge of the electron and T is the temperature in
degrees Kelvin.
η =1 for Silicon and 2 for Germanium
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
FORWARD BIAS:
TABULAR COLUMN:
FORWARD BIAS:
REVERSE BIAS:
S.No. VOLTAGE
(In Volts)
CURRENT
(In mA)
1KΩ a
TABULAR COLUMN:
REVERSE BIAS:
S.No. VOLTAGE (In Volts) CURRENT (In µA)
MODEL GRAPH
If (mA)
I2
Vb I1
( Volts) V1 V2 Vf (Volts)
Ic(µa)
RESULT: Thus the forward and reverse biased characteristics of PN junction diode were drawn
and also cut in voltage, break down voltage, static resistance and dynamic resistance were
calculated.
Ex.No.1 b
CHARACTERISTICS OF ZENER DIODE
AIM:
To plot VI characteristics of zener diode and (i) find break down voltage in reverse
biased condition(ii) To calculate static resistance and dynamic resistance in both forward and
reverse bias condition.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 Regulated power supply (0-30) V 2
2 Ammeter
(0-30) mA 1
(0-250) µA 1
3 Voltmeter
(0-30) V 1
(0-2) V 1
3 Zener Diode BZV10 1
4 Resistor
1 KΩ 1
5 Bread Board
- 1
6 Connecting Wire - As per required
FORMULA USED:
Static Resistance R =V/I
Dynamic Resistance =∆V/∆I
PROCEDURE:
FORWARD BIAS:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2. Vary the power supply in such a way that the readings are taken in steps of 0.1V in the
voltmeter till the needle of power supply shows 30V.
3. Note down the corresponding ammeter readings.
4. Plot the graph :V (vs) I.
5. Find the dynamic resistance r = ∆V/∆I.
REVERSE BIAS:
1. Connect the circuit as per the diagram.
2. Vary the power supply in such a way that the readings are taken in steps of 0.1V in the
voltmeter till the needle of power supply shows 30V.
3. Note down the corresponding Ammeter readings I.
4. Plot a graph between V & I
5. Find the dynamic resistance r = ∆V/∆I.
(0-30) V
+ -
+
-
+
-
(0-30) V
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
FORWARD BIAS:
BZV10 A
K
TABULAR COLUMN:
FORWARD BIAS:
S.No. VOLTAGE (In Volts) CURRENT (In mA)
REVERSE BIAS:
1
1KΩ a
(0-30)mA
TABULAR COLUMN:
REVERSE BIAS:
S.No. VOLTAGE (In Volts) CURRENT (In µA)
RESULT:
Thus VI characteristics of zener diode was drawn and breakdown voltage , static
resistance and dynamic resistance were calculated.
Ex.No.2 a
CHARACTERISTICS OF CE CONFIGURATION
AIM:
To study the input and output characteristics of BJT in CE configuration.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 Regulated power supply (0-30) V 2
2
Ammeter
(0–10)mA 1
(0–1)A 1
3
Voltmeter
(0–30)V 1
(0–2)V 1
4 Transistor CL - 100S 1
5
Resistor
10 KΩ 1
1 KΩ 1
6 Bread Board - 1
7 Connecting Wires - As per required
PROCEDURE:
INPUT CHARECTERISTICS:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set VCE ,vary VBE in regular interval of steps and note down the corresponding
IB reading. Repeat the above procedure for different values of VCE.
3. Plot the graph: VBE Vs IB for a constant VCE.
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
1.Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2.Set IB, Vary VCE in regular interval of steps and note down the corresponding IC
reading. Repeat the above procedure for different values of IB.
3.Plot the graph: VCE Vs IC for a constant IB.
CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH:
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS: OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
TABULAR COLUMN:
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
VCE=1V VCE=2V
VBE(V) IB(µA) VBE(V) IB(µA)
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
VCE = 0V
VCE = 5V
IB
µA mA
VBE(V) VCE(V)
0 0
IB=60µA
IB=40µA
IB=20µA
IC
IB=20µµµµA IB=40µµµµA
VCE(V) IC(mA) VCE(V) IC(mA)
RESULT: Thus the input and output characteristics of BJT in Common Emitter (CE) configuration
were drawn.
Ex.No.2b
CHARACTERISTICS OF CB CONFIGURATION USING BJT
AIM:
To study the input and output characteristics o f BJT in CE configuration.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 Regulated power supply (0-30) V 2
2 Ammeter (0–10) mA 1
(0–1) A 1
3
Voltmeter
(0–30) V 1
(0–2) V 1
4 Transistor CL - 100S 1
5
Resistor
10 kΩ 1
1 kΩ 1
6 Bread Board - 1
7 Connecting Wires - As per required
PROCEDURE:
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
It is the curve between emitter current IE and emitter-base voltage VBE at constant collector-
base voltage VCB.
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set VCE=5V, vary VBE in steps of 0.1V and note down the corresponding IB. Repeat the
above procedure for 10V, 15V.
3 Plot the graph VBE Vs IB for a constant VCE.
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
It is the curve between collector current IC and collector-base voltage VCB at constant emitter
current IE. 1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set IB=20µA, vary VCE in steps of 1V and note down the corresponding IC. Repeat
the above procedure for 40µA, 80µA, etc.
3. Plot the graph VCE Vs IC for a constant IB.
TABULAR COLUMN:
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
S.No. VCB = V VCB = V VCB = V
VEB
(V)
IE
(µµµµA)
VEB
(V)
IE
(µµµµA)
VEB
(V)
IE
(µµµµA)
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
S.No. IE= mA IE= mA IE= mA
VCB
(V)
Ic
(mA)
VCB
(V)
Ic
(mA)
VCB
(V)
Ic
(mA)
MODEL GRAPH:
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
RESULT:Thus the input and output characteristics of BJT in Common Base(CB) configuration
were drawn.
Ex.No.4b
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNIJUNCTION TRANSISTOR
AIM:To determine the characteristics of UJT
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 Regulated power supply (0-30) V 2
2 Ammeter (0-30) mA 1
3
Voltmeter
(0–30) V 1
(0–10) V 1
4 UJT 2N2646 1
Resistor 1 kΩ 2
6 Bread Board - 1
7 Connecting Wires - As per required
FORMULA FOR INTRINSIC STANDOFF RATIO:
η = VP - VD/ VB1B2., where VD = 0.7V.
PROCEDURE: 1.Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2.Set VB1B2 = 0V, vary VEB1 , & note down the readings of IE & VEB1
3.Set VB1B2 = 10V , vary VEB1 , & note down the readings of IE & VEB1
4.Plot the graph : IE Versus VEB1 for constant VB1B2.
5.Find the intrinsic standoff ratio.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULAR COLUMN:
VB1B2 = 0 V VB1B2 = 10 V
VEB1 (V) IE (mA) VEB1 (V) IE (mA)
Peak Voltage=………………….V
VP - VD/ VB1B2 η
MODEL GRAPH:
RESULT:
Thus the characteristics of UJT were obtained and its operation was studied.
Ex.No.4a
VI CHARACTERSTICS OF SCR
AIM:
To determine the VI characteristics of given SCR at different gate currents.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 SCR SN102 1
2 Regulated power
supply (0-30) V 1
3
Ammeter
(0-100) mA 1
(0-10) mA 1
4 Voltmeter (0-50) V 1
5
Resistor
560 Ω 1
1 kΩ 1
6 Bread Board - 1
7 Connecting Wire - As per required
PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch ON the power supply.
3. Keep IG as constant.
4. Vary the voltage VAK step by step from 0V and note its corresponding anode
current(IA)
5. Draw the graph in between VAK and IA.
6. Repeat the above procedure of 4 and 5 for different values of IG.
7.Switch OFF the power supply.
8. Disconnect the components.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULAR COLUMN:
S.No IG = 0.1 mA IG = 0.2 mA
VAK (Volts) IA (mA) VAK (Volts) IA (mA)
MODEL GRAPH:
RESULT :Thus VI characteristics of SCR for different values of IG are determined.
Ex.No.3a
CHARACTERISTICS OF JUNCTION FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR
AIM:
To study the characteristics of JFET.
APPARATUS REQUIRED :
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 JFET BFW11 1
2 Regulated power supply (0-30) V 2
3 Ammeter (0-30)mA 1
4
Voltmeter
(0-30) V 1
(0-10) V 1
5
Resistor
68 kΩ 1
1 kΩ 1
6 Bread Board - 1
7 Connecting Wire - As per required
PROCEDURE:
DRAIN CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set the gate voltage VGS = 0V.
3. Vary VDS in steps of 1 V & note down the corresponding ID.
4. Repeat the same procedure for VGS = -1V.
5. Plot the graph VDS Vs ID for constant VGS.
OBSERVATIONS
1. d.c (static) drain resistance, rD = VDS/ID.
2. a.c (dynamic) drain resistance, rd = ∆∆∆∆VDS/∆∆∆∆ID.
3. Open source impedance, YOS = 1/ rd.
TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set the drain voltage VDS = 5 V.
3. Vary the gate voltage VGS in steps of 1V & note down the corresponding ID.
4. Repeat the same procedure for VDS = 10V.
5. Plot the graph VGS Vs ID for constant VDS.
FET PARAMETER CALCULATION:
Drain Resistance rd =GS
D
DSV
I
V
∆
∆ Ω
Transconductance gm = DS
GS
DV
V
I
∆
∆
Amplification factor µ=rd . gm
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULAR COLUMN:
DRAIN CHARACTERISTICS:
VGS = 0V VGS = -1V
VDS (V) ID(mA) VDS (V) ID(mA)
I D (
mA
) TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS:
MODEL GRAPH:
DRAIN CHARACTERISTICS:
VDS =5volts VDS = 10volts
VGS (V) ID(mA) VGS (V) ID(mA)
0
VGS = 0V
VGS = -1V
VGS = -2V
VGS = -3V
VDS (volts)
TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS:
ID(mA)
VDS =Const
VGS (V)
RESULT:
Thus the drain and transfer characteristics of JFET was obtained and the graph is
plotted.
Ex.No.5 a VI CHARACTERSTICS OF DIAC
AIM: To determine the VI characteristics of DIAC and find out its breakdown voltage.
APPARATUS REQUIRED :
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 DIAC D3202 1
2 Regulated power supply (0-30) V 2
3 Ammeter (0-100)mA 1
4 Voltmeter (0-100) V 1
5 Resistor 470 Ω 1
6 Bread Board - 1
7 Connecting Wire - As per required
PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch ON the power supply.
3. Vary the applied voltage step by step.
4. Take its corresponding ammeter readings.
5. Repeat the above procedure of 3 and 4 for reverse biasing also.
6. Draw the graph in between voltage and current.
7. Note its breakdown voltage.
8. Switch OFF the power supply.
9. Disconnect the components.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
FORWARD BIAS:
TABULAR COLUMN:
S.No VF (Volts) IF(mA)
REVERSE BIAS:
TABULAR COLUMN:
S.No VR (Volts) IR (mA)
MODEL GRAPH:
RESULT:
The VI characteristics of DIAC are determined .The breakdown voltage of DIAC is
…………. Volts.
Ex.No.5b V-I CHARACTERSTICS OF TRIAC
AIM: To determine the VI characteristics of given TRIAC at different gate current.
APPARATUS REQUIRED :
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 TRIAC T2801 1
2 Regulated power supply (0-30) V 2
3
Ammeter
(0-100)mA 1
(0-10)mA 1
4 Voltmeter (0-100) V 1
5 Resistor 470 Ω 2
6 Bread Board - 1
7 Connecting Wire - As per required
PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch ON the power supply.
3. Keep the gate current (IG) as constant.
4. Vary the applied terminal voltage (VT) step by step from 0 V.
5. Take its corresponding ammeter reading (IT).
6. Repeat the above procedures of 3 , 4 and 5 for different gate currents.
7. Draw the graph in between voltage VT and current IT.
8. Note its breakdown voltage.
9. Switch OFF the power supply.
10. Disconnect the components.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULAR COLUMN:
S.No IG = 2 mA IG = 2 mA
VT (Volts) IR (mA) VT (Volts) IR (mA)
MODEL GRAPH:
RESULT:
The VI characteristics of TRIAC are determined with different gate currents .The
breakdown voltage of TRIAC is …………. Volts and breakdown current is …….mA.
Ex.No.6
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOTO-DIODE AND PHOTOTRANSISTOR
AIM:
1. To study the characteristics of a photo-diode.
2. To study the characteristics of phototransistor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 Photo diode - 1
2 Regulated power
supply (0-30) V 2
3 Ammeter (0-30)mA 1
4 Voltmeter (0-30) V 1
5 Resistor 1 KΩ 2
6 Bread Board - 1
7 Photo transistor - 1
8 Connecting Wire - As per required
PROCEDURE:
PHOTO DIODE:
1. Rig up the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2. Maintain a known distance (say 5 cm) between the DC bulb and the photo diode.
3. Set the voltage of the bulb (say, 2V), vary the voltage of the diode insteps of 1V
and note down the corresponding diode current, Ir.
4. Repeat the above procedure for the various voltages of DC bulb.
5. Plot the graph: VD vs. Ir for a constant DC bulb voltage.
PHOTOTRANSISTOR:
1. Rig up the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2. Maintain a known distance (say 5 cm) between the DC bulb and the
phototransistor.
3. Set the voltage of the bulb (say, 2V), vary the voltage of the diode in steps of 1V
and note down the corresponding diode current, Ir.
4. Repeat the above procedure for the various values of DC bulb.
5. Plot the graph: VD vs. Ir for a constant bulb voltage.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM IN PHOTODIODE:
:
TABULAR COLUMN
MODEL GRAPH:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM IN PHOTOTRANSISTOR:
S.No. VOLTAGE
(In Volts)
CURRENT
(In mA)
TABULAR COLUMN:
MODEL GRAPH:
S. No. VCE
(in Volts)
IC
(in mA)
RESULT:
Thus the characteristics of photo diode and phototransistor are studied.
Ex.No.6
SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE AND FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
WITH AND WITHOUT FILTER
AIM: To study the waveform o the single phase half wave and full wave rectifier with and
without filter
APPARATUS REQUIRED :
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 Diode IN4001 1
2 Capacitor 1µf 2
3. CRO - 1
4 Voltmeter (0-100) V 1
5 Resistor 1KΩ 1
6. Transformer 230V/6V 1
7 Bread Board - 1
8 Connecting Wire - As per required
FORMULA FOR HALF WAVE RECTIFIER
1.WITHOUT FILTER:
(a)Vdc=Vm/π
(b)Vrms= Vm/2
(c)Ripple factor / = (Vrms Vdc)2
2.WITH FILTER:
(a) Vdc=Vm=Vrpp/2
(b) Vrms=Vrpp/2√3
(c)Ripple Factor= Vrms/ Vdc
3.BRIDGE RECTIFIER:
(a) Vdc=2Vm/π
(b) Vrms= Vm /√2
(c)Ripple Factor= = (Vrms Vdc)2-1
Vdc=Average value of dc voltage
Vm=Maximum supply voltage
Vrpp=RMS value of the voltage
Vrms=Ripple voltage
PROCEDURE:
SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE RECTIFIER:
1.Connections are made as per circuit diagram
2.Ac supply is switched on
3.Note down the input and output waveforms in CRO for filter and without filter connections
4.Then the graph is plotted according to the input output waveforms
SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE RECTIFIER:
1.Connections are made as per circuit diagram
2.Ac supply is switched on
3.Set the input and note down the input and output waveforms in CRO
4.Then the graph is plotted according to the input output waveforms
5.Then the graph is plotted according to the input output waveforms
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
HALF WAVE RECTIFIER (WITHOUT FILTER):
WITH FILTER:
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER (WITH FILTER):
TABULAR COLUMN
SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE RECTIFIER
WITHOUT FILTER:
WITH FILTER:
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
WITHOUT FILTER
WITH FILTER:
S.NO Vm(v)
Vdc(V) Vrms
(V) Resistance Ripple
factor
S.NO Vm(v)
Vdc(V) Vrms
(V) Resistance Vrpp(V) Ripple
factor
S.NO Vm(v)
Vdc(V) Vrms
(V) Resistance Ripple
factor
S.NO Vm(v)
Vdc(V) Vrms
(V) Resistance Vrpp(V) Ripple
factor
MODEL GRAPH:
RESULT: Thus the waveforms characteristics of half wave and full wave rectifier were
Vdc,
Vrms and ripple factor were calculated.
Ex.No.6
FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF BJT AMPLIFIER
AIM: To obtain the frequency response of BJT amplifier
APPARATUS REQUIRED :
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 Transistor BC107 1
2 Capacitor 4.7µf 1
3. Capacitor 0.001mf 1
4. Inductor 100mf/25v 1
5. CRO 1mf/25V 1
6 Breadboard - 1
7 Resistor 12KΩ 1
8. Transformer 230V/6V 1
9 Resistor 6KΩ
1
10 Single generator
11 Connecting Wire - As per required
PROCEDURE:
1.Circuit Connections are given as per the circuit diagram
2.A required voltage through fn is supplied into circuit.
3.The output is viewed through CRO
4.Using CRO Amplitude and Time periods are calculated
5.From the Time period of Oscillations the frequency is calculated
6. The graph is drawn with the plotted reading
Frequency = 1/Time period
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
TABULAR COLUMN:
S.No FREQUENCY INPUT OUTPUT Av =Vo/Vi GAIN in db
(20logAv)
MODELGRAPH:
RESULT: Thus the frequency response curve of the amplifier was drawn and the gain is
calculated
Exp.No.6
CHARACTERISTICS OF FET AMPLIFIER FREQUENCY RESPONSE
AIM: To determine the parameter of the single stage JFET amplifier (common –drain amplifier)
1.Band width 2.Midband Gain 3.Input and Output Impedance
APPARATUS REQUIRED :
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 Power supply - 1
2 CRO - 1
3. Capacitor 1µf 1
4. Capacitor 31.8µf 1
5. CRO 1mf/25V 1
6 Breadboard - 1
7 Resistor 1KΩ 1
8. Resistor 100 KΩ 1
9 Resistor
600Ω
1
10 Resistor 1.2 kΩ 1
10 Function generator - 1
11 Connecting Wire - As per required
12. Capacitor 5.835µf 1
PROCEDURE:
1.Circuit Connections are given as per the circuit diagram
2.A required voltage through fn is supplied into circuit.
3.The output is viewed through CRO
4.Using CRO Amplitude and Time periods are calculated
5.From the Time period of Oscillations the frequency is calculated
6. The graph is drawn with the plotted reading
Frequency = 1/Time period
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULAR COLUMN:
S.No FREQUENCY INPUT OUTPUT Av =Vo/Vi GAIN in db
(20logAv)
MODEL GRAPH:
RESULT: Thus the frequency response curve of the FET amplifier was drawn and the gain is
calculated
Exp.No.7
CHARACTERISTICS OF CLASS-B P OWER AMPLIFIER
AIM: To design and construct a Class-B power Amplifier and to determine its efficiency.
APPARATUS REQUIRED :
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1. Power supply (0-30)V 1
2. CRO (0-30)V 1
3. Function generator (0-1)MHz 1
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the Circuit as per the circuit diagram,
2. Set Vs=50mV(say),using the signal generator.
3.Keeping the INPUT voltage constant ,Vary the frequency from 0 Hz to 1 Hz in Regular steps
and note down the corresponding output voltage.
4.Plot the graph : gain(db) Vs frequency
5, Find the input and output Impedance
Input Impedance,
Zi=Vi Rs/(Vs+Vi)
Output impedance,
Zo= Vload – Vno load/(V load) *100
6.Calculate the Bandwidth from the graph.
7.Note down the phase angle ,bandwidth,input and output impedance.
8.Calculate the efficiency,n=Po/Pin.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULAR COLUMN:
S.No Vo(volts) Gain=Vo/Vs Gain(db)=20log(Vo/Vs)OUTPUT Po=Vo2/2RL n%
MODEL GRAPH:
RESULT: Thus the efficiency of the Class-B power amplifier curve is drawn successfully
Exp.No.8
CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENTIAL AMPLI FIER
AIM: To design and construct a Class-B power Amplifier and to determine its efficiency.
APPARATUS REQUIRED :
S.No Components Type/Range Quantity
1 RPS (0-30)V - 1
2 Signal generator - 1
3. Capacitor 470µf 1
5. CRO 1mf/25V 1
6 Breadboard - 1
7 Transistor BC107 1
8. Resistor 3.9 KΩ 1
9
DCB
600Ω
1
10 DRB 1.2 kΩ 1
FORMULA
Common mode rejection ratio=Ad/Ac
Ad=Differential mode gain
Ac=Common mode gain
where Ad=Vo/Vd, Vo=output voltage measured.
Vd=V1 –V2 ;V1 V2= input voltage
Ac=Vo/Vc , Vc=(V1+V2)/2.
PROCEDURE:
DIFFERENTAIL MODE:
1. Connect the Circuit as per the diagram,
2.Set V1=50mV and V2=65Mv using the signal generator.
3.Find the corresponding output voltages across V01 and V02 using CRO.
4.Calculate Common mode rejection ratio using the given formula.
COMMON MODE: 1.Connect the circuit as per the diagram .
2.Set V1=50Mv using the signal generator .
3.Find the output voltage across V0 using multimeter.
4.Calculate the common mode rejection ratio using the given
formula
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
DIFFERENTIAL MODE:
COMMON MODE:
TABULAR COLUMN:
DIFFERENTIAL MODE:
S.No V1 V2 Output voltage Vd=V1-V2
Ad=V0/Vd
COMMON MODE:
S.No Input voltage Output
voltage
Vd=V1-V2
Vc=(V1+V2)/2.
Ac=Vo/Vc ,
RESULT: Thus the differential amplifier was verified for common mode and differential
mode configuration Further common mode rejection ratio was found
Exp.No.8
P SPICE- MODELLING OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
AIM: To draw the PSPICE – modeling of electronics circuits using PCM
AP PARATUS REQUIRED:
1.P SPICE software
2.PCM
PROCEDURE:
1.Start - All programs- read family – Capture lite edition
2.Window will open .
3.Open New- Project.
4.Pspice Project Dialog Box will Open Create new
5.Take the symbols from the library.
6. Give the values for all components
7. Set the (frequency) time period for required waveform.
8.Fit the voltage marker to measure the voltage at I/p and O/p .
10.Do the run process to get the output.
CIRCUITDIAGRAM:
MODEL GRAPH:
RESULT : Thus Pspice –modelling of electronic devices is drawn and output is executeed
successfully