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Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman EVS Environment Consultants

Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

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Page 1: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key IssuesMarine

Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995.

• P.M. Chapman– EVS Environment Consultants

Page 2: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Mapa Conceitual do Artigo

Page 3: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

O que é e onde está a Ecotoxicologia

• Ecotoxicologia é o estudo dos efeitos de contaminantes e poluentes sobre as comunidades biológicas.

Page 4: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants
Page 5: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Contaminação x Poluição

Page 6: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Como começaram os ensaios ?

• Grandes problemas ambientais sem solução. TLM 50 para tentar investigar tais problemas.

Page 7: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

AVALIAÇÃO DE RISCO DE SUBSTÂNCIAS QUÍMICAS:

MARGENS DE SEGURANÇA

Concentração preditiva que não causa efeito (PNEC)

Maior concentração observada sem efeito(NOEC)

Efeito agudo EC50

10-1

102

101

103

100

104

Freqüência de respostas

Page 8: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Reativo x Próativo

• Mudança gradual de um pensamento reativo para um proativo.

Page 9: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Alvos fisiológicos (endpoints) e seus significados

• Efeitos agudos: Mortalidade e Imobilidade

• Efeitos crônicos: Crescimento, reprodução, fecundidade...

Page 10: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Três grandes problemas ambientais

• Efeitos físicos: alterações e perda de hábitat

• Efeitos Biológicos: Introdução de espécies exóticas

• Efeitos químicos: Poluição

Page 11: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Testes atuais x testes do passado

Page 12: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Testes atuais e alvos fisiológicos e desenvolvimento de novos testes

Page 13: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Vias de exposição e comparação de informações

Page 14: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Testes com efeitos reprodutivos

Page 15: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Variabilidade aceitável em resultados de ensaios de ecotoxicidade

Page 16: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Diferenças entre alvos fisiológicos

Page 17: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Concentração externa x Concentração interna

Page 18: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Estabelecendo novas hipóteses

Page 19: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Integrando toxicidade e outras informações

Page 20: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Validação, verificação e extrapolação

Page 21: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants

Ecotoxicologia e Política