Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Ecosystems
What is an Ecosystem?
An Ecosystem is a system of living things that interact with each other and with the physical world.
Ecosystem
An ecosystem can be as large as the Sahara Desert, or as small as a puddle!
Ecosystems are more than just the organisms they contain.
Geography, weather, climate and geological factors also influence an Ecosystem.
Abiotic Factors
Abiotic Factors include;
Are non-living physical factors of an environment.
Biotic Factors
Are the living, physical factors of an environment.
Ecosystems in Balance
Ecosystems will fail if they do not remain in balance.
No community can carry more organisms than its food, water and shelter can accommodate.
7
Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem
Food Chains, Food Chains,
Food Webs, Food Webs,
Energy PyramidsEnergy Pyramids
copyright cmassengale
8
•All energy on Earth comes
originally from the SUN
copyright cmassengale
9
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis•Where green plants store the Where green plants store the Sun’s Sun’s energyenergy through a Chemical reaction through a Chemical reaction
copyright cmassengale
ENERGY is stored in glucose
Glucose is stored as starch in plants
copyright cmassengale10
6CO2 + 6H2O + C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water → carbohydrate + oxygenSUN LIGHT
CHLOROPHYLL
11
Organisms that Organisms that can make glucose can make glucose
during during photosynthesis photosynthesis
are calledare called PRODUCERS.
copyright cmassengale
12
Producers use most most of the energy they
make for themselves.
copyright cmassengale
13
The energy that is is not usednot used by
producers can be used by organisms that cannot make their own energy..
copyright cmassengale
14
Organisms that cannot make their
own energy are called
CONSUMERS.CONSUMERS.copyright cmassengale
15
Consumers that eat producers
•Are (1st) order or primary consumers
•Are herbivores (plant-eaters)
copyright cmassengale
16
Most of the energy the primary consumer gets is used by the
consumer.
SomeSome of the energy moves of the energy moves into the atmosphere into the atmosphere
as heatas heat..copyright cmassengale
17
A Consumer that Eats A Consumer that Eats Another Consumer for Another Consumer for
Energy:Energy:•Is called a a 2nd order 2nd order oror secondary secondary consumer
• May be a
•carnivorecarnivore
•omnivoreomnivore
•predatorpredator
•scavengerscavenger
copyright cmassengale
18
MostMost of the energy the
secondary consumer gets
from the primary consumer is used by the secondary
consumer.
copyright cmassengale
19
A consumer that eats a A consumer that eats a consumer that already ate a consumer that already ate a
consumer:consumer:
•Is called a Is called a 3rd order 3rd order or or tertiary tertiary consumerconsumer
•May be a May be a
•carnivore carnivore
• omnivoreomnivore
•predatorpredator
•scavengerscavenger
copyright cmassengale
20
TheThe transfer of energy can be
shown in a FOOD CHAIN..
copyright cmassengale
21
Food Chains Show Available Energy
copyright cmassengale
22
More Food ChainsMore Food Chains
copyright cmassengale
23
Another way of showing the transfer of energy in
an ecosystem is
theENERGY ENERGY
PYRAMIDPYRAMIDcopyright cmassengale
24
Energy Pyramids ShowEnergy Pyramids Show
copyright cmassengale
•Amount of available energy decreases for higher consumers
•It takes a very large number of primary consumers to support a very small number of secondary consumers
copyright cmassengale25
26
Food Webs
•Are interconnected food chains
•They show the They show the feeding feeding relationships in an relationships in an ecosystemecosystem
copyright cmassengale
27
How Many Chains are in this web?
copyright cmassengale
Symbiotic RelationshipsParasitism-Benefits one species while another is
harmed ie: tick on a Cow
Mutualism- Both species benefit from the relationship ie A bird eats a tick and a cow
benefits.
commensalism Benefits one organism but doesn’t harm the other ie. A Remora fish hitches a ride on a
shark.
Simbiotic Relationships
copyright cmassengale 28
