Ecosystems and Food Webs What are the components in an
ecosystem?
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10 MINUTES I will come around to answer AND ask questions
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Ecology and Life Ecology and Life Ecology examines how
organisms interact with their nonliving (abiotic) environment such
as sunlight, temperature, moisture, and vital nutrients Ecology-
study of relationships between organisms and their environment
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Ecosphere or Biosphere All earth's ecosystems Ecosystem
Community of different species interacting with one another and
with their nonliving environment of matter and energy Community
Complex interacting network of plants, animals, and microorganisms
Habitat Place where a population or individual organism naturally
lives Genetic Diversity Populations that are dynamic groups that
change in size, age distribution, density, and genetic composition
as a result of changes in environmental conditions Population Group
of interacting individuals of the same species that occupy a
specific area at the same time
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Type of Nutrients Nutrient Any atom, ion, or molecule an
organism needs to live grow or reproduce Ex: carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen etc Macronutrient nutrient that organisms need
in large amount Ex: phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, iron etc
Micronutrient nutrient that organism need in small amount Ex: zinc,
sodium, copper etc
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www.sws.uiuc.edu/nitro/biggraph.asp
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Sun Fireball of hydrogen (72%) and helium (28%) Nuclear fusion
Sun has existed for 5 billion years Sun will stay for another 5-6
billion years Visible light that reaches troposphere is the
ultraviolet ray which is not absorbed in ozone
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Solar Energy 72% of solar energy warms the lands 0.023% of
solar energy is captured by green plants and bacteria Powers the
cycling of matter and weather system Distributes heat and fresh
water
Living Organisms in Ecosystem Producers or autotrophs- makes
their own food from compound obtained from environment. Ex: plant
gets energy or food from sun
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Photosynthesis Producer transmit 1- 5% of absorbed energy into
chemical energy, which is stored in complex carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins and nucleic acid in plant tissue
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Chemosynthesis- Bacteria can convert simple compounds from
their environment into more complex nutrient compound without
sunlight Ex: becomes consumed by tubeworms, clams, crabs Bacteria
can survive in great amount of heat
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Consumers or Heterotrophs Obtain energy and nutrients by
feeding on other organisms or their remains
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Consumers Herbivores (plant-eaters) or primary consumers Feed
directly on producers Deer, goats, rabbits
http://www.holidays.net/easter/bunny1.htm
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Consumers Carnivores (meat eater) or secondary consumers Feed
only on primary consumer Lion, Tiger
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Consumers Tertiary (higher- level) consumer Feed only on other
carnivores Wolf
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Consumers Omnivores- consumers that eat both plants and animals
Ex: pigs, humans, bears
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Consumers Scavengers- feed on dead organisms Vultures, flies,
crows, shark
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Consumers Detritivores- live off detritus Detritus parts of
dead organisms and wastes of living organisms. Detritus feeders-
extract nutrients from partly decomposed organic matter plant
debris, and animal dung.
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Consumers Decomposers - Fungi and bacteria break down and
recycle organic materials from organisms wastes and from dead
organisms Food sources for worms and insects Biodegradable - can be
broken down by decomposers
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Range of Tolerance The range of conditions that must be
maintained for a population of a species to survive Differences in
genetic makeup, health, and age. Ex: trout has to live in colder
water than bass
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Limiting Factor too much or too little of any abiotic factor
can limit growth of population, even if all the other factors are
at optimum (favorable) range of tolerance. Ex: water, light, and
soil No water in the desert limit growth of plants Ex: Farmer
plants corn in phosphorus-poor soil, even if water, nitrogen are in
a optimum levels, corn will stop growing, after it uses up
available phosphorus.
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Dissolved Oxygen Content Amount of oxygen gas dissolved in a
given volume of water at a particular temperature and pressure.
Limiting factor of aquatic ecosystem
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What is the difference between limiting factor and range of
tolerance Limiting factors are biotic or abiotic factors that limit
the growth of a species, while the range of tolerance defines the
set of conditions in which an organism can survive. -
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Homework Learn about a specific ecosystem situation. Be
prepared to share out tomorrow!
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Respiration Aerobic Respiration Uses oxygen to convert organic
nutrients back into carbon dioxide and water Glucose + oxygen
Carbon dioxide + water + energy Anaerobic Respiration or
Fermentation Breakdown of glucose in absence of oxygen
