Econtrol_2005

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Contents

Introduction 5

The basic principle of the Econtrol process 6

Dyes, auxiliaries and alkali systems for Econtrol and Econtrol knit 7

Guide process recommendations for Levafix® and Remazol® 8

Econtrol laboratory dyeing process 9

Controlled Coloration® with Levafix dyes 10

Triangle Levafix Amber CA / FastRed CA / Olive CA 100 11

Triangle Levafix Yellow CA / FastRed CA / Blue CA 12

Triangle Remazol UltraYellow RGB / UltraRed RGB / Navy RGB 13

Build up Remazol RGB 14

Trichromat recommendations 15

Pale shades with good light fastness 15

Medium to dark shades 15

Brilliant orange, scarlet and bright pink shades 15

Brilliant blue, green and turquoise shades 15

Recommended dyes for Econtrol 16

Dyeing of PES/CO blends 18

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Introduction

With the tendency to shorter lot sizes per shade in continuous dyeing and the requirement for simple processes, the Econtrol process for reactive dyes was developed in the mid nineties. It has now been established with DyStar technology worldwide.

The Econtrol process is a simple, rapid and an economical one pass, pad - dry - wash-off continuous dyeing process with drying in a hotflue at 120 - 130 °C and controlled humidity (25 - 30% volume) to obtain fixation in 2 - 3 minutes.

Using a Monforts Thermex® machine it is possible to dye stretch fabrics and also knit goods.

Econtrol® is a registered trademark of DyStar.

Benefits

• Ideal option for short or long lot dyeing

• Full shade range

• Excellent reproducibility of shade

• No yellowing due to low temperatures – bright shades possible

• No machine contamination caused by urea fumes due to mild Econtrol conditions

• No salt (easy wash-off of unfixed dye)

• Instant shade viewing

• Accurate, easy and rapid laboratory check method

• No unproductive batching sequences, no moiré effects

• Migration minimised by rapid fixation and humidity control

• No crushing of pile fabrics (e. g. corduroy)

• Improved penetration of difficult fabrics due to presence of humidity at high cloth temperature

• Energy efficient by optimum humidity control

• Ideal process for rapid change technology

• Suitable for knitwear and highly elastic fabric

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The basic principle of the Econtrol process

The Econtrol process comprises just three steps:

Application of the dye → drying →washing-off

In normal drying processes the temperature on the goods can drop to 50 - 55 °C.

The exact temperature depends on the humidity of the air and the surrounding temperature used to dry the goods. This effect is called "wet bulb temperature".

In Econtrol steam is injected into the air flow. The humidity rises up to 25 - 30%. The resulting temperature on the surface of the goods is 68 - 71 °C.

The Econtrol process uses this physical fact to fix the reactive dye during drying. Three key variables - time, temperature and humidity - are used to ensure accurate control of the dyeing process in the Thermex hotflue. The graphic below shows a typical drying curve and the resultant temperature of the goods throughout the Econtrol dyeing process.

The goods should spend about 2 - 3 minutes in the hotflue. However, it should be noted that these are average values: the actual drying time depends principally on the material to be dried.

steam injection

paddingdrying washing

steam injection

Monforts Thermex® Hotflue

steam injection

paddingdrying washing

steam injection

Monforts Thermex® Hotflue

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Dyes, auxiliaries and alkali systems for Econtrol and Econtrol knit

Recommended dyes

Evidently, the dyes used in the Econtrol process have to be suitable for the process conditions. Since dyeing is completed in approx. 2 - 3 min, reactive dyes with high to medium reactivity are particularly suitable. All Levafix® and most Remazol® dyes can be used.

In practice, Levafix dyes are used for pale to medium shades, while Remazol dyes are used for medium to very deep shades.

Dyes with MCT anchors such as Procion® H-EXL and Procion PX are not recommended for the Econtrol process.

Alkali and auxiliaries

Soda ash or soda ash/NaOH is normally used as the alkali system. To ensure optimum reliability, it is essential to dose the alkali and dye solutions separately.

The following auxiliaries are recommended for continuous dyeing processes:

Sera™ Wet C-AS Low foaming rapid wetting and deaerating agent Sera Sperse C-SN Efficient complexing agent and protective colloid for dyeing cotton and blends Sera Quest C-PX Removal of hardness formers in dyebaths for dyeing cellulosic and synthetic fibres Sera Con M-LU Mild oxidizing agent for dyeing with reactive and vat dyes Sera Gal M-IP Reduces dye migration in the pad dyeing of cellulosic fibres and their blends

Sera Gal C-PS Antifrosting agent for Econtrol dyeing of Tencel, Viscose and raised Cotton

In Econtrol usually a wetting agent Sera Wet C-AS and a migration inhibitor Sera Gal M-IP is recommended to use. A sequestering agent Sera Quest C-PX is helpful in case of water hardness. A mild oxidant Sera Con M-LU can be added to prevent reduction of the reactive dyes.

Urea is not essential for the Econtrol process but up to 50 g/l may be advantageous in some circumstances.

Guide recipe Levafix or Remazol dye x g/l Sera Wet C-AS 2-4 g/l (wetting agent) Sera Gal M-IP 5-10 g/l (antimigrant) Sera Com M-LU 0-5 g/l (mild oxidant) Soda ash 20 g/l Caustic soda see tables on page 8

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Guide process recommendations for Levafix® and Remazol®

The optimal choice of dyes, auxiliaries and alkali

1. Levafix dyes: Levafix dye x g/l Sera Wet C-AS 2-4 g/l (wetting agent) Sera Gal M-IP 5-10 g/l (antimigrant) Sera Com M-LU 0-5 g/l (mild oxidant) Urea 0-50 g/l Soda ash 20 g/l Caustic soda see tables below

Amount of dye Up to 10 g/l >10-30 g/l > 30 g/l

Soda ash 20 g/l 20 g/l 20 g/l

NaOH 50% - 2 ml/l 4 ml/l

Econtrol settings: Temperature: 110 - 130 °C Humidity: 25-30% (vol) Time: 2-3 minutes

2. Remazol dyes: Remazol dye x g/l Sera Wet C-AS 2-4 g/l (wetting agent) Sera Gal M-IP 5-10 g/l (antimigrant) Sera Com M-LU 0-5 g/l (mild oxidant) Urea 0-50 g/l Soda ash 20 g/l Caustic soda see tables below

Amount of dye Up to 20 g/l > 20-40 g/l > 40-60 g/l > 60-80 g/l > 80-100 g/l > 100 g/l

Soda ash 20 g/l 20 g/l 20 g/l 20 g/l 20 g/l 20 g/l

NaOH 50% 3,5 ml/l 6 ml/l 8 ml/l 10 ml/l 12 ml/l 14 ml/l

Econtrol settings: Temperature: 110-130 °C Humidity: 30% (vol) Time: 2-4 minutes

Important: The Material should come out of the machine completely dryed.

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Econtrol laboratory dyeing process

As with all dyeing processes a good laboratory dyeing method is essential for shade matching and bulk checking of pad liquors.

In collaboration with Mathis, DyStar has therefore developed a method that allows accurate reproduction of the Econtrol dyeing conditions in the lab. This comprises a Type DH lab steamer especially adapted for the Econtrol process. This allows regulation of all process parameters that influence the drying and dyeing results on the Monforts Thermex Hotflue

As an alternative to this laboratory steamer, all lab processes commonly used for cold pad-batch process can be used. However, the performance is in no way comparable and these processes greatly increase the overall time required for the process.

Econtrol®

Air Temp.:121 °C120 °C

Abs. Steam:27 %25 %

DwellTime:2:30

2min 30sec

Fan Speed:802rpm800rpm

TemperatureSteam contentAir flowTime

Econtrol®

Air Temp.:121 °C120 °C

Abs. Steam:27 %25 %

DwellTime:2:30

2min 30sec



TemperatureSteam contentAir flowTime

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Controlled Coloration® with Levafix dyes

Levafix dyes are particularly suitable for the Econtrol process. This dye range provides:

• High fixation

• Excellent robustness to dyeing variables

• Non phototropic recipes

• Color Confidence® due to premium fastness properties excepted by all major retailers

Controlled Coloration with Levafix CA

Safe production and reproducible results is the effect of Controlled Coloration with Levafix CA dyes even under varying production conditions.

The example below shows the excellent behaviour of a Levafix CA combination under different temperature and alkali conditions.

Standard: 120 °C, 25% humidity, 20 g/l soda ash, 2 ml/l NaOH 50%

The Levafix alkali recommendation ensures full fixation and excellent stability. The graph below displays the stability of a khaki shade over 4 h at 25 °C.

110 °C 130 °C

reduced alkali strong alkali

110 °C 130 °C

reduced alkali strong alkali

delta C

delta

H

duller more brilliant

redder

green

er outside tolerance limitscriticalexcellent reproducibility

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

-1,5 -1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5

delta C

delta

H

duller more brilliant

redder

green

er outside tolerance limitscriticalexcellent reproducibility

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

-1,5 -1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5

Pad liquor stability with soda ash / NaOH

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min 30 min 1 h 2 h 4 h

Levafix Yellow CA / FastRed CA / Blue CA% yield

Pad liquor stability with soda ash / NaOH

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min 30 min 1 h 2 h 4 h

Levafix Yellow CA / FastRed CA / Blue CA% yield

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Triangle Levafix Amber CA / FastRed CA / Olive CA 100

This combination shows an excellent behaviour e. g. in terms of tailing even on very critical material like corduroy and emerized material.

Recommended particularly for very critical beige and olive shades.

Superb fastness properties and safety in production concerning reproducibility and tailing behaviour.

• No photochromism

• Superior reproducibility

• Low tailing tendency

• Excellent fastness properties

Levafix Amber CA

Levafix FastRed CA Levafix Olive CA 100

4.8 g/l 1.2 g/l 4.8 g/l 1.2 g/l

6.0 g/l 6.0 g/l4.8 g/l 1.2 g/l 3.6 g/l 2.4 g/l 2.4 g/l 3.6 g/l 1.2 g/l 4.8 g/l

2.4 g/l 3.6 g/l 2.4 g/l 3.6 g/l2.4 g/l2.4 g/l 1.2 g/l2.4 g/l 2.4 g/l 1.2 g/l

3.6 g/l 2.4 g/l 3.6 g/l 2.4 g/l3.6 g/l 1.2 g/l 1.2 g/l

1.2 g/l 4.8 g/l 1.2 g/l 4.8 g/l1.2 g/l 3.6 g/l 1.2 g/l 1.2 g/l 2.4 g/l 2.4 g/l 1.2 g/l 1.2 g/l 3.6 g/l

6.0 g/l

Levafix Amber CA

Levafix FastRed CA Levafix Olive CA 100Levafix FastRed CA Levafix Olive CA 100

4.8 g/l 1.2 g/l 4.8 g/l 1.2 g/l4.8 g/l 1.2 g/l 4.8 g/l 1.2 g/l

6.0 g/l 6.0 g/l4.8 g/l 1.2 g/l 3.6 g/l 2.4 g/l 2.4 g/l 3.6 g/l 1.2 g/l 4.8 g/l6.0 g/l 6.0 g/l4.8 g/l 1.2 g/l 3.6 g/l 2.4 g/l 2.4 g/l 3.6 g/l 1.2 g/l 4.8 g/l

2.4 g/l 3.6 g/l 2.4 g/l 3.6 g/l2.4 g/l2.4 g/l 1.2 g/l2.4 g/l 2.4 g/l 1.2 g/l2.4 g/l 3.6 g/l 2.4 g/l 3.6 g/l2.4 g/l2.4 g/l 1.2 g/l2.4 g/l 2.4 g/l 1.2 g/l

3.6 g/l 2.4 g/l 3.6 g/l 2.4 g/l3.6 g/l 1.2 g/l 1.2 g/l3.6 g/l 2.4 g/l 3.6 g/l 2.4 g/l3.6 g/l 1.2 g/l 1.2 g/l

1.2 g/l 4.8 g/l 1.2 g/l 4.8 g/l1.2 g/l 3.6 g/l 1.2 g/l 1.2 g/l 2.4 g/l 2.4 g/l 1.2 g/l 1.2 g/l 3.6 g/l1.2 g/l 4.8 g/l 1.2 g/l 4.8 g/l1.2 g/l 3.6 g/l 1.2 g/l 1.2 g/l 2.4 g/l 2.4 g/l 1.2 g/l 1.2 g/l 3.6 g/l

6.0 g/l

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Triangle Levafix Yellow CA / FastRed CA / Blue CA

Standard trichromat

Excellent fastness properties including light fastness, very good dyeing properties with unbeatable stability against production variables.

• Excellent reproducibility

• Premium fastness properties

• Stable to dyeing variables

Levafix FastRed CA Levafix Blue CA

8 g/l 2 g/l 8 g/l 2 g/l

10 g/l 10 g/l8 g/l 2 g/l 6 g/l 4 g/l 4 g/l 6 g/l 2 g/l 8 g/l

4 g/l 6 g/l 4 g/l 6 g/l4 g/l4 g/l 2 g/l4 g/l 4 g/l 2 g/l

6 g/l 4 g/l 6 g/l 4 g/l6 g/l 2 g/l 2 g/l

2 g/l 8 g/l 2 g/l 8 g/l2 g/l 6 g/l 2 g/l 2 g/l 4 g/l 4 g/l 2 g/l 2 g/l 6 g/l

Levafix Yellow CA

10 g/l

Levafix FastRed CA Levafix Blue CA

8 g/l 2 g/l 8 g/l 2 g/l



6 g/l 4 g/l 6 g/l 4 g/l6 g/l 2 g/l 2 g/l

2 g/l 8 g/l 2 g/l 8 g/l2 g/l 6 g/l 2 g/l 2 g/l 4 g/l 4 g/l 2 g/l 2 g/l 6 g/l

Levafix Yellow CA

10 g/l

Levafix FastRed CA Levafix Blue CALevafix FastRed CA Levafix Blue CA

8 g/l 2 g/l 8 g/l 2 g/l8 g/l 2 g/l 8 g/l 2 g/l

10 g/l 10 g/l8 g/l 2 g/l 6 g/l 4 g/l 4 g/l 6 g/l 2 g/l 8 g/l10 g/l 10 g/l8 g/l 2 g/l 6 g/l 4 g/l 4 g/l 6 g/l 2 g/l 8 g/l

4 g/l 6 g/l 4 g/l 6 g/l4 g/l4 g/l 2 g/l4 g/l 4 g/l 2 g/l4 g/l 6 g/l 4 g/l 6 g/l4 g/l4 g/l 2 g/l4 g/l 4 g/l 2 g/l

6 g/l 4 g/l 6 g/l 4 g/l6 g/l 2 g/l 2 g/l6 g/l 4 g/l 6 g/l 4 g/l6 g/l 2 g/l 2 g/l

2 g/l 8 g/l 2 g/l 8 g/l2 g/l 6 g/l 2 g/l 2 g/l 4 g/l 4 g/l 2 g/l 2 g/l 6 g/l2 g/l 8 g/l 2 g/l 8 g/l2 g/l 6 g/l 2 g/l 2 g/l 4 g/l 4 g/l 2 g/l 2 g/l 6 g/l

Levafix Yellow CA

10 g/l

Levafix Yellow CA

10 g/l

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Triangle Remazol UltraYellow RGB / UltraRed RGB / Navy RGB

Remazol RGB dyes are particularly suitable in Econtrol for economic medium and heavy shades

• Excellent build up


• Good fastness properties

• Unbeatable price / performance relationship

Remazol UltraRed RGB Remazol Navy RGB

24 g/l 6 g/l 24 g/l 6 g/l


6 g/l 24 g/l 6 g/l 24 g/l18 g/l6 g/l 6 g/l12 g/l12 g/l6 g/l6 g/l 18 g/l 6 g/l


18 g/l 12 g/l 18 g/l 12 g/l18 g/l 6 g/l 6 g/l

Remazol UltraYellow RGB

30 g/l

Remazol UltraRed RGB Remazol Navy RGB

24 g/l 6 g/l 24 g/l 6 g/l


6 g/l 24 g/l 6 g/l 24 g/l18 g/l6 g/l 6 g/l12 g/l12 g/l6 g/l6 g/l 18 g/l 6 g/l


18 g/l 12 g/l 18 g/l 12 g/l18 g/l 6 g/l 6 g/l


30 g/l

Remazol UltraRed RGB Remazol Navy RGBRemazol UltraRed RGB Remazol Navy RGB

24 g/l 6 g/l 24 g/l 6 g/l24 g/l 6 g/l 24 g/l 6 g/l

30 g/l 30 g/l24 g/l 6 g/l 18 g/l 12 g/l 12 g/l 18 g/l 6 g/l 24 g/l30 g/l 30 g/l24 g/l 6 g/l 18 g/l 12 g/l 12 g/l 18 g/l 6 g/l 24 g/l

6 g/l 24 g/l 6 g/l 24 g/l18 g/l6 g/l 6 g/l12 g/l12 g/l6 g/l6 g/l 18 g/l 6 g/l6 g/l 24 g/l 6 g/l 24 g/l18 g/l6 g/l 6 g/l12 g/l12 g/l6 g/l6 g/l 18 g/l 6 g/l

12 g/l 18 g/l 12 g/l 18 g/l12 g/l12 g/l 6 g/l12 g/l 12 g/l 6 g/l12 g/l 18 g/l 12 g/l 18 g/l12 g/l12 g/l 6 g/l12 g/l 12 g/l 6 g/l

18 g/l 12 g/l 18 g/l 12 g/l18 g/l 6 g/l 6 g/l18 g/l 12 g/l 18 g/l 12 g/l18 g/l 6 g/l 6 g/l


30 g/l


30 g/l

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Build up Remazol RGB

Remazol RGB dyes build up to extreme deep shades. High degrees of fixation ensure good wash off and sufficient fastness properties.

RemazolNavy RGB

5 g/l 10 g/l 20 g/l 40 g/l 60 g/l 80 g/l

RemazolUltraYellow RGB

5 g/l 10 g/l 20 g/l 40 g/l 60 g/l 80 g/l

RemazolUltraRed RGB

5 g/l 10 g/l 20 g/l 40 g/l 60 g/l 80 g/l

RemazolNavy RGB

5 g/l 10 g/l 20 g/l 40 g/l 60 g/l 80 g/l

RemazolNavy RGB

5 g/l 10 g/l 20 g/l 40 g/l 60 g/l 80 g/l


5 g/l 10 g/l 20 g/l 40 g/l 60 g/l 80 g/l


5 g/l 10 g/l 20 g/l 40 g/l 60 g/l 80 g/l

RemazolUltraRed RGB

5 g/l 10 g/l 20 g/l 40 g/l 60 g/l 80 g/l

RemazolUltraRed RGB

5 g/l 10 g/l 20 g/l 40 g/l 60 g/l 80 g/l

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Trichromat recommendations Pale shades with good light fastness Levafix Amber CA* Levafix FastRed CA or Levafix Rubine CA Levafix Blue CA

Levafix Amber CA* Levafix FastRed CA or Levafix Scarlet CA* Levafix Olive CA 100

Levafix Yellow E-3RL* Levafix Brown E-2R Levafix Brilliant Blue E-B


• Superior reproducibility • Low tailing tendency • Excellent fastness properties

• Recommended particularly for very critical beige and olive shades

• Superb fastness properties and safety in production concerning reproducibility and tailing behaviour even on critical material

• The classical pale shade trichromat


• Low Tailing • Very good fastness properties incl.

chlorine fastness

Medium to dark shades Levafix Yellow CA or Levafix Amber CA* Levafix Red CA or Levafix Rubine CA Levafix Blue CA

Levafix Yellow CA or Levafix Amber CA* Levafix Red CA Levafix Navy CA

Remazol UltraYellow RGB* Remazol Orange RGB Remazol UltraRed RGB Remazol Blue RGB Remazol Navy RGB

• Standard trichromat

• Excellent fastness properties and appropriate light fastness by using Red CA, very good dyeing properties with unbeatable stability against production variables

• Levafix Rubine CA provides excellent light fastness and very good build up properties

• Recommended trichromat, if lightfastness is not an issue

• Levafix Navy CA is a real CA-Navy, not a Black 5 based dye, therefore it fits perfectly in the Levafix CA range

• It shows the same excellent robustness to dyeing variables

• Economically very attractive dyes

• Good dyeing behaviour and fastness properties

• Remazol RGB dyes incl. Navy RGB will pass the most fastness requirements.

Brilliant orange, scarlet and bright pink shades Levafix Yellow CA Levafix Orange CA* Levafix Scarlet CA* Levafix Red CA

Remazol Yellow GR* Remazol UltraYellow RGB* Remazol Orange RGB Remazol Red RGB

Levafix Brilliant Red E-6BA Levafix Brilliant Blue E-FFN 150% Levafix Royal Blue E-FR

• Very brilliant scarlet, orange and red shades can be achieved

• Fastness properties and dyeing behaviour are on "CA-level"

• Economical alternative trichromat for brilliant scarlet and orange shades with "fit for purpose" properties

• This combination is suitable to dye extreme bright pink shades, which cannot be achieved with any other reactive dyes

Brilliant blue, green and turquoise shades Levafix Brilliant Yellow CA* Remazol Luminous Yellow FL** Remazol Turquoise Blue G 133% Remazol Brilliant Green 6B 175% Remazol Brilliant Blue BB 133%

Levafix Brilliant Red E-6BA Levafix Brilliant Blue E-FFN 150% Levafix Royal Blue E-FR

Remazol Brilliant Blue RN

• The ideal combination of dyes for brilliant green and turquoise shades: - high light fastness - no catalytic effects - less dichroism in green shades

by using Remazol Brilliant Green 6B 175%

• Levafix Brilliant Blue E-FFN 150% is the most brilliant reactive blue available. Particularly suitable for pale to medium shades

• Levafix Royal Blue E-FR with Levafix Brilliant Red E-6BA as shading component are recommended also for medium and deep bright blue shades

• Very economical bright blue

• Superior behaviour in padding processes compared to other "Blue 19" – type dyes

• No precipitations in padding processes

* Non phototropic ** Remazol Luminous Yellow FL is the only available reactive dye with luminous properties that allow to produce workwear according to EN 471.

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Recommended dyes for Econtrol

Levafix CA dyes Granulate Powder

Levafix Brilliant Yellow CA x

Levafix Yellow CA x

Levafix Amber CA x

Levafix Orange CA x

Levafix Scarlet CA x

Levafix Red CA x

Levafix FastRed CA x

Levafix Rubine CA x

Levafix Olive CA 100 x

Levafix Blue CA x

Levafix Navy CA x

Levafix dyes Granulate Powder

Levafix Golden Yellow E-G 150%

Levafix Yellow E-3RL x

Levafix Orange E-3GA x

Levafix Scarlet E-2GA x

Levafix Brilliant Red E-BA x

Levafix Brilliant Red E-4BA x

Levafix Brilliant Red E-6BA x

Levafix Brilliant Red E-RN x

Levafix Brown E-RN x

Levafix Brown E-2R x

Levafix Brilliant Blue E-FFN 150%

Levafix Brilliant Blue E-BRA x

Levafix Brilliant Blue E-B x

Levafix Royal Blue E-FR x

Levafix Blue E-GRN x

Levafix Navy Blue E-BNA x

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Recommended Dyes for Econtrol

Remazol RGB dyes Granulate Powder

Remazol Golden Yellow RGB x

Remazol UltraYellow RGB x

Remazol Orange RGB x

Remazol Red RGB x

Remazol UltraRed RGB x

Remazol Blue RGB x

Remazol Navy RGB 150%

Remazol dyes Granulate Powder

Remazol Luminuous Yellow FL x

Remazol Yellow GR** 133%

Remazol Yellow 3RS 133%

Remazol Yellow RR x

Remazol Golden Yellow RGB** x

Remazol Golden Yellow RNL** 150%

Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R special** x

Remazol Orange BN** x

Remazol Brilliant Red BB** 150%

Remazol Brilliant Red 3 BS x

Remazol Red RGB x

Remazol Red RR x

Remazol Red RB 133%

Remazol Brilliant Blue BB** 133%

Remazol Brilliant Blue RN x

Remazol Blue RR** x

Remazol Blue RGB** x

Remazol Dark Blue SLT x

Remazol Navy RGB** 150%

Remazol Turquoise G 133%

Remazol Brilliant Green 6B 175%

Remazol Black B** 133%

Remazol Black GS-A** x

Remazol Black NF** x

Remazol Deep Black N 150** x ** Dischargeable Remazol dyes

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Dyeing of PES/CO blends

For dyeing PES/CO blends a two-stage-process is required. In any case a thermosol step has to take place to fix the Dianix dyes on PES.

The following methods are suitable to dye PES/CO blends using the Econtrol equipment:

Alkali and fixation assistant Levafix dye < 5 g/l 5-20 g/l > 20 g/l

dicyandiamide 15 g/l 15 g/l 15 g/l

sodium bicarbonate 2 g/l 2-5 g/l 10 g/l

Recommended Dyes:

All Dianix dyes, which are recommended for thermosol, and all Levafix dyes are suitable for the TTN-Econtrol process. When using the following Levafix dyes, it is not necessary to add sodium bicarbonate when dyeing pale to medium shades.

Levafix Orange E-3GA Levafix Brilliant Red E- 6BA

Levafix Scarlet E-2GA Levafix Brilliant Blue E-BRA

Levafix Brilliant Red E-BA Levafix Brown E-RN

Levafix Brilliant Red E-4BA Levafix Navy E-BNA

This is an advantage because sodium bicarbonate causes slight yellowing of cellulosic fibres at high fixation temperatures. An additional advantage is increased reproducibility because of the low pH value even with those Dianix dyes, which are sensitive to high pH.

1. The TTN Econtrol process (1 bath - 2 step) Shade area Process Recommended for pale to medium shades Dye application - Econtrol drying - Thermosol

step at 210 °C - wash off

RecipeDianix dye x g/lLevafix dye y g/lSera Gal M-IP 10-20 g/lSera Wet C-AS 2-4 g/lDicyaniamide 15 g/lsodium bicarbonate 2-10 g/lBorax 10 g/l

Page 19

Recommended dyes:

All Dianix dyes, which are recommended for thermosol, and all Levafix and Remazol dyes recommended for Econtrol can be used.

Dianix XF/SF dyes are particularly suitable because these dyes do not need to be reductive cleared. Alkaline clearing during the Econtrol step provides highest fastness performance.

Dianix dye selection:

Shade area Highest wash fastness Standard fastness

Yellow Dianix Yellow S-6G Dianix Yellow Brown XF

Dianix Yellow S-6G Dianix Yellow CC

Orange/Scarlet Dianix Yellow S-6G Dianix Brilliant Scarlet SF Dianix Scarlet XF Dianix Red CBN-SF

Dianix Yellow CC Dinaix Yellow Brown CC Dianix Red S-4G

Deep Bordeaux + Brown Dianix Yellow Brown XF Dianix Deep Red SF Dianix Navy XF

Dianix Red S-4G Dianix Rubine CC Dianix Navy CC

Deep Red Dianix Deep Red SF shaded with Dianix Brilliant Scarlet SF Dianix Scarlet XF Dianix Crimson SF or Dianix Brilliant Red SF

Dianix Red S-4G Dianix Rubine CC Dianix Red CC

Violet/Blue Dianix Rubine XFN Dianix Red Violet XF Dianix Blue XF

Dianix Rubine CC Dianix Royal Blue CC Dianix Brilliant Blue R

2. Thermosol/Econtrol (2-bath-2-step) without intermediate reduction clearing Shade area Process Recommended for pale to heavy shades, Dianix XF/SF dyes are particularly suitable for this process. Dianix XF/SF dyes can be cleared within the Econtrol process step.

Dianix dye pad - Thermosol step at 210 °C - 220 °C - Reactive dye pad - Econtrol drying - wash off

Page 20

Shade area Highest wash fastness Standard fastness

Greenish Blue/Green Dianix Yellow S-6G Dianix Turquoise XF

Dianix Turquoise S-BG Dianix Yellow S-G

Navy Dianix Navy XF Dianix Yellow Brown XF Dianix Rubine XFN

Dianix Navy CC Dianix Yellow Brown CC Dianix Rubine CC

Ternary Dianix Yellow Brown XF Dianix Red Violet XF Dianix Rubine XFN Dianix Navy XF / Blue XF

Dianix Yellow Brown CC Dianix Red CC Dianix Rubine CC Dianix Navy CC

Recommended dyes:

All Dianix dyes, which are recommended for thermosol, and all Levafix and Remazol dyes recommended for Econtrol can be used.

3. Thermosol/Econtrol (2-bath-2-step) with intermediate reduction clearing Shade area Process Recommended for pale to heavy shades with high fastness requirements

Dianix dye pad - Thermosol step at 210 °C - 220 °C - Reductive clearing - Reactive dye pad - Econtrol drying - wash off

Documents

Econtrol_2005