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BY SHIVAM LAMBA

CLASS 11th D

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ALL THE ABOVESAID COUNTRIESi.e. INDIA,

PAKISTAN ANDCHINA ARE A PARTOF ASIA, LARGESTCONTINENT OF

WORLD .

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China is mostpopulous countryof the world.

It is 6thth

most largestcountry of world. It`s a communist

country and has an

economy withgrowth rate of 10%for last 2.8 decade.

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India is a country inSouth Asia. It is theseventh-largestcountry by

geographical area,thesecond-most populouscountry, and the

most populous

democracy in theworld. It`s literacy rate is

61%.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asia

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Pakistan is acountry located inSouth Asia. It has a1,046 kilometer(650 mile) coastlinealong the Arabian Seaand Gulf of Oman inthe south.

It is the 6th most

populous country ofthe world.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Omanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Omanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asia

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Diplomatic relations were severed after the borderwar in the Himalayas in the 1960s and were notrestored until 1976. China doesnt recognize Indias1975 annexation of Sikkim or Indias claim on thestate of Arunachal Pradesh. and it rejects theMcMahon Line drawn between Tibet and BritishIndia in 1914.

China opposes India getting a permanent seat onthe United Nations Security Council. It claimsSikkim and 90,000 square kilometers of ArunachalPradesh while India claims that 38,000 squarekilometers of its territory in Kashmir that Chinatook over in the 1960s. In the late 1980s there wasfighting along the Tibetan border between Chinaand India in the late 1980s.

India was angered by China's strategic alliancewith Pakistan and sale of missiles and otherweapons to Pakistan. China was concerned aboutIndias nuclear tests in 1998.

India and the United States have a strategicpartnership to maintain leverage over China. Chinamaintains a strong ties with Pakistan andBangladesh to keep pressure on India Chinasupports the regime in Myanmar but India doesnot.

There is some friction between India and Chinaover the presence of the Dalai Lama in India andIndian support of the Tibetan government in exile.After the Chinese invasion in 1950 many Tibetanrefugees fled into India. The are currently 120,000

exiles from Tibet in India. The Dali Lama and manyof the exiles make their home in Dharmasala, India.

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India Religions:Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other1.8%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)

Pakistan Religions:Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), other (includes Christian and

Hindu) 3%India GDP - real growth rate:9.2% (2006 est.)

Pakistan GDP - real growthrate:6.6% (2006 est.)

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SECTOR PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY

INDIA 23 26 51

PAKISTAN 23 23 54

CHINA 15 53 32

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SECTOR PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY

INDIA 60% 16% 24%

PAKISTAN 49% 18% 33%

CHINA 54% 27% 19%

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1. All the countries have shown shift from Primaryto other sector. Now no sector highly dominatethe other.

2. In term of GDP , India and Pakistan both rely ontertiary sector as compared to china`sdependence on Secondary sector.

3. In terms of employment ,shift from primary toother sector have not been significant in Indiain comparison to Pakistan and china.

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Special policies for economicgrowth

China It followed a step of policies like

1) Great Leap Forward

2) Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution(GPCR)

3) Dual Pricing

4) Special Economic Zones

Pakistan & India They followed nearly same step of strategies

like

1)Tariff Protection & Direct Import Control

2)Green Revolution

3)Nationalisation of Capital Goods4)Mixed Economy

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All of 3 countries has eitherhigh population or high fertilityrate .But only China hasimplied a strict policy on birthcontrol known as one childnorm.

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India & Pakistan ,both has amixed Economy . For socialupliftment ,losses have to beinherited by someone. Pvt.Entities don't take such risk

and this when public sectorcome into scenario and carriesthe movement ahead.

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An index produced by UNDP for 177 countries (asof June 2008) to measure three aspects of humandevelopment: life expectancy and health;

knowledge; and standard of living.

ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

http://www-personal.umich.edu/~alandear/glossary/u.htmlhttp://www-personal.umich.edu/~alandear/glossary/u.html

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ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

India Pakistan

Per Capita Income, in US$in PPP$

320.01,280.0

430.02,130.0

GDP Growth Rates, 1950-80

1980-94

3.65.0

5.05.9

Trade/GDP (PPP) Ratio 10.0 20.0

Per Capita Trade, in US$ 44.0 121.0Average Annual Rate of

Inflation, 1980-938.7 7.4

Overall BudgetDeficit/GDP, 1980-94

1995

-6.5-5.0

-7.3-5.6

Current Account/GDP,1980-94

1995

-1.7-0.9

-4.4-3.9

Export Growth Rate, 1980-90

1990-94

5.913.6

8.111.3

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Items India China Pakistan

HDI value 0.611 0.768 0.539

Rank 126 81 134

Life expectancy(yrs) 63.6 71.9 63.4

Adult literacy(%) 61.0 90.0 49.9

GDP per capita(PPP US$) 3139 5096 2225

People below povertylines(%)

34.5 16.6 17.0

Infant mortality rate(per1000 birth)

62 26 80

Maternal mortality rate(per100000 birth)

540 56 500

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Items India China Pakistan

Population With Proper Access toSanitation(%)

33 44 59

Population With Proper Access to

Proper water resources(%)

86 77 91

Population Undernourished(%) 20 12 23

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China: India:

Corporate Income Tax: 24%Tax-Incentives for high-tech industries: 15%

Tax Holidays for manufacturing industries:Initial two years of profitability: 0 percent taxNext three years of profitability: 50% of taxrate (This is assumed to be 12%)

Indias tax system is being reformed as wewrite this. Following is the tax system for

Indias Special Economic Zones:Corporate Income Tax: 15%First five years of profitability: 0% taxSecond five years of profitability: 50% tax(This is assumed to be 7.5%.)Third five years of profitability: 50% of tax ratefor any invested dividends that are invested

back into India

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http://in.wrs.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0WTf2rATG1KflgAvPu9HAx.;_ylu=X3oDMTBpaWhqZmNtBHBvcwMzBHNlYwNzcgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1gn6mogtb/EXP=1248763456/**http:/in.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http://in.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=INDIA+CHINA+FLAGS&ei=utf-8&fr=sfp&w=165&h=100&imgurl=indiabusinessweek.com/files/chinaIndiaFlags_tn.jpg&rurl=http://indiabusinessweek.com/News/Economy/21.html&size=3k&name=chinaIndiaFlags+...&p=INDIA+CHINA+FLAGS&oid=560df47bd5b38664&fr2=&no=3&tt=290&sigr=11hv1p01m&sigi=11idsgqgi&sigb=12j61il85http://in.wrs.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0WTf2rATG1KflgAvfu9HAx.;_ylu=X3oDMTBpc2ozM2gzBHBvcwM0BHNlYwNzcgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1hfq8bedf/EXP=1248763456/**http:/in.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http://in.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=INDIA+CHINA+FLAGS&ei=utf-8&fr=sfp&w=280&h=225&imgurl=www.zeenews.com/pics/NAT/India_china-flags-280news.jpg&rurl=http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp?aid=336683&sid=NAT&size=10k&name=India+china+flag...&p=INDIA+CHINA+FLAGS&oid=7e188f904348d48c&fr2=&no=4&tt=290&sigr=11mjj7v4r&sigi=11m0etmdt&sigb=12j61il85

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They both have succeed In DOUBLING their per capitaIncome. Incidence Of poverty has reduced significantly . Food production not only keeps pace with demand buthas surplus it.

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o High Protection to domestic producer do not allow toreap the benefit of world economy.o Mind set of Political Leader and bureaucracy has beensuppressive.o They both have high Fiscal Deficit.oThey have huge defense Expenditure.

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1. Shift of Workforce from agriculture to industry.2. Migration of people from rural area to urban once.3. More people have access to improved water sources.4. Less of people live below poverty line.

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I. Indian skilled man power has given a boost to software industry ofworld.

II. No. of Doctors, PhDs, M .A. in india is much more than in Pakistan.III. The Human Parameters like education, health ,safe drinking water,

Freedom etc. are taken in better ways as compared to Pakistan.IV. Indian Economy has coped with global pressure after reform in 1991.

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a) Chinese Reforms started a decade before India`s.

b) China focused on pro-poor reforms, while India targetedgrowth with stability.

c) China reconstructed agricultural methods.d) China allowed MNC supported policies like 100% FDI , Hire

And Fire policy. It also allow 100% FDI in retail. India stillfollow wait and watch policy.

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GREAT LEAP FORWARD (GLP) It was launched in 1958 and aimed to

industrilaise china on high scale.GPCR- In this step, student and professional were send to countryside to work.Dual Pricing This meant the farmers and industrial unit were to buyand sell fixed quantities of raw material and product on prices fixedby government.

SEZ-It is a geographical region that has economic laws different tocountries basic trade laws.Usally they are set up with an aim toincrease FDI.

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