Upload
meryl-dorsey
View
214
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Economical factors in aviation
Kpt. Ing. Michal BETKASpeaking Refresher for ATCs course
2013
11
22
VocabularyIATA - International Air Transport Association - is an international industry
trade group of airlines headquartered in Montreal, Canada, where the ICAO is also headquartered. The executive offices are at the Geneva Airport, Switzerland.
Aerial shipper - air transport company
Workforce productivity - is the amount of goods and services that a worker produces in a given amount of time
MTOW - maximum takeoff weight – weight of an aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off, due to structural or other limits
Hedging – purchase fuel by the fixed price for longer time interval
22
33
Economical factors:
• basic – unable to influence- Economic growth- Interest rates- Exchange rates- Inflations rate
• secondary - able to influence – much more important- Energy costs- Personal costs- Charges (tax)
Aerial shipper costs (IATA 2004)
44
15%
12%
8%
16%9%7%
12%
9%
5,6%7%
CostsGround handling
Crew
Passenger service
Ticketing+Promotion
Administrative
Fuel + Oil
Aircraft Cost
Maintanance
Traffic Services
Airport Services
55
A. Personal costs
25 – 35% total costs
Great differences – (Europe up to 38%, Asia 18%)
Base of personal costs:
a) Income (Total company income : employee number)
b) Workforce productivity – chosen parameter (passangers, persons per kilometer, profit, etc.) : employee number
Salary
Greater than base pay in each country
differences between country:
- pilots in EU 37%more than USA
- board staff in EU up to 58% more than USA
Workforce productivity
- In USA 45% greater than EU
From 1991 workforce productivity of european aerial companies is rising (AEA – Arlines European Association) – graph down
66
Rising workforce productivity of european aerial companies
020406080
100120140160180200
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
seat
-kilo
met
er /
empl
oyee
77
Solution: increase workforce productivity, decrease personal Solution: increase workforce productivity, decrease personal costscosts
B. Fuel costs
main book entry of total costs
great changes of price Up to 25% operating costs (80´s), In these days 7,5%.
88
Solution:
Fuel charge
Hedging – purchase fuel by the fixed priceAdvantage – fixed price
x
disadvantage – loss ( price could be lower than actual exchange rate
Tanking – purchase fuel at airport with low price of fuel
Advantage – low price
x
disadvantage - refuel maximum amount
Others – e. g. using modern technology
99
ChargesAir navigation services charges (terminal navigation charges, charges for the use of en-route navigation services)
Airport charges – (landing charges,
noisy tax, parking tax etc.) in Europe 12 - 40€/ for departing passanger, for transfer 1/3,
in USA 50 – 170 USD
-almost connected with MTOW
All charges are checked by Central Route Charges Office
- Transparency- Simplicity- Effectivity- Low operating costs – high payback
1010
Free of charge – MTOW 2 tons
– SAR
– flight for checking/verifying ground landing navigation aids
– aircraft returning due to weather, mechanical or radio failure to the aerodrome of departure
– flights of the Civil Aviation Authority
Solution
Optimalization
– planning (direct route, not use route with heavy traffic, minimum of ground movement, using economic cruise level)
1111
Fixed rate of route navigation services of members EUROCONTROL
99,27
79,6873,91 73,91 70
64,63 60,96
46,1536,56 36 33,06 30,22
0
20
40
60
80
100
120 Fixed rate
1212AIC A 11/11
Distance factor for international flight
1313
Thank you for attention
Questions ?
1414