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Economic Indicators for Ecosystem Management December 11, 2012
Presentation by:
Grace M. Johns, Ph.D. - Hazen and Sawyer
Co-Authors:
Donna Lee, Ph.D.
Vernon (Bob) Leeworthy, Ph.D.
William Nuttle
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MARES’ Conceptual Ecologic Model
incorporates human dimensions
■ Marine and Estuarine Goal Setting for South Florida
■ Builds on conceptual models developed in CERP/RECOVER
■ DPSER ICEM model includes human dimensions
● Pressures
● Ecosystem services
● Response
■ Human wellbeing & economy benefit from healthy ecosystem
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Presentation outline
Ecosystem services tied to “ecosystem attributes that people care about” tied to physical state of ecosystem 1
2
3
4
MARES’ economic indicators of ecosystem services
Methods to measure indicators – applied examples
Summary of economic indicators
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1 Ecosystem services are tied
to “ecosystem attributes
that people care about”
1
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MARES’ definition of ecosystem services
1. Physical State of the Ecosystem
2. Ecosystem Attributes People Care About
3. Ecosystem Services
4. Values to Humans – Monetary, Cultural, Social
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1. Physical State of South Florida
Ecosystem – MARES Project
■ Water column
■ Fisheries
■ Coral and Hard bottom
■ Mangroves
■ Beaches
■ Coastal wetlands
■ Inshore flats
■ SAV / Seagrasses
■ Oyster reefs
■ Offshore benthic habitat
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2. Ecosystem attributes
that people care about
■ Abundant and safe seafood
■ Air quality
■ Beach and shoreline quality
■ Climate regulation
■ Erosion and storm protection
■ Extent and quality of plant life (sea grass, mangroves)
■ Large expanse and variety of healthy coral
■ Large number and variety fish
■ Large number and variety of birds
■ Large number and variety of large wildlife
■ Maritime landscapes and coastal views
■ Natural filter for wastewater & storm water runoff
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3. Types of ecosystem
services in South Florida
■ Recreational Opportunities (3 ecosystem services identified)
■ Food Supply (3 ecosystem services identified)
■ Aesthetic Environments
■ Climate Stability
■ Cultural Identity
■ Educational Opportunities
■ Existence
■ Ornamental Resources
■ Pollution Treatment
■ Property Protection
■ Scientific Resources
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4. Ecosystem services values tied to quality /
quantity of “attributes people care about”
Ecosystem Service Attributes People Care About
Wildlife-related
recreation activities
■ Species protection
■ Large number and variety of birds
■ Large number and variety of large
wildlife
■ Water Quality
Offshore marine
recreational activities
■ Intact, functioning, resilient habitat
for quick species recovery
■ Large expanse and variety of
healthy coral
■ Large number and variety of fish
■ Large number and variety of
large wildlife
■ Water Quality
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1 MARES’ Economic Indicators
of ecosystem services 2
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MARES’ developing economic
indicators of ecosystem services
■ Provides link between human well-being, ecosystem service value & ecosystem health
■ Helps to prioritize management goals
■ Helps to validate success of ecosystem management by documenting improvements
■ Measured each year to obtain immediate feedback
■ Used with ecologic indicators being developed under MARES to assess status of ecosystems
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Criteria to establish economic
indicators of ecosystem services
■ Links human values, ecosystem services, & “ecosystem attributes that people care about” in a predictable manner
■ Changes immediately with changes in ecosystem attributes
■ Credible measurement to economists, scientists & managers
■ Can be feasibly measured from year to year
■ Easily explained
■ Can be used to set targets and goals
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1 Methods to measure indicators –
applied examples 3
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Economic indicators developed to
date are annual percent changes
1. Beach & wildlife-related recreation – Attendance at coastal parks
2. Offshore marine recreation – Number of recreational boats registered in counties
3. Food supply, commercial fishery – Pounds of seafood landed in counties
4. Ornamental resources – Number of live marine organisms landed commercially in counties
5. Property protection – Dollar value of insured flood damage claims paid
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South Florida areas evaluated
1. Florida Keys / Dry Tortugas – Monroe County
2. Southeast Florida – Martin, Palm Beach, Broward, Miami-Dade counties
3. Southwest Florida – Collier and Lee counties
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Coastal park visitation score
is net of non-ecosystem factors
Total Adjusted Score of the Coastal Park Visitation Indicator, 2010 to 2011
Row
No. Measurements
SE Florida SW Florida Florida Keys
%
Change Points
%
Change Points
%
Change Points
(1) % Change in Coastal
Park Visitation
2.12% 3.64 5.51% 4.09 6.65% 4.09
Non-Ecosystem Factors
(2) % Change in Local
Resident Population
0.55% -0.03 0.94% -0.03 -0.57% 0.03
(3) Avg % Change in
State & US
Employment Rate
0.72% -0.03 0.72% -0.03 0.72% -0.03
(4) % Change in U.S.
Dollars Per Canadian
Dollar Exchange Rate
-3.98% 0.19 -3.98% 0.19 -3.98% 0.19
(5) Total Adjusted Points 3.77 4.22 4.28
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Initial scoring of economic indicators
Percent Improvement from Previous Year
Number of Points
If > 20% 5.00
If > 10% & < 20% 4.55
If > 5% & < 10% 4.09
If > 1% & < 5% 3.64
If > 0% & < 1% 3.18
If = 0% 2.73
If < 0% & > -1% 2.27
If < -1% & > -5% 1.82
If < -5% & > -10% 1.36
If < -10% & > -20% 0.91
If < -20% 0.45
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Point adjustments to initial indicator score
accounts for non-ecosystem factors
% Change from Previous Year
Points
+ -
If > 20% -1.25 1.25
If > 10% & < 20% -0.94 0.94
If > 5% & < 10% -0.47 0.47
If > 1% & < 5% -0.19 0.19
If > 0% & < 1% -0.03 0.03
If = 0% 0.00 0.00
If < 0% & > -1% 0.03 -0.03
If < -1% & > -5% 0.19 -0.19
If < -5% & > -10% 0.47 -0.47
If < -10% & > -20% 0.94 -0.94
If < -20% 1.25 -1.25
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Registered recreational boats
score is net of non-ecosystem factors
Total Adjusted Score of Registered Recreational Boats Indicator, 2010 to 2011
Row
No. Measurements
SE Florida SW Florida Florida Keys
%
Change Points
%
Change Points
%
Change Points
(1) % Change in
Number of Registered
Recreational Boats
-1.43% 1.82 -2.00% 1.82 0.51% 3.18
Non-Ecosystem Factors
(2) % Change in Local
Resident Population
0.55% -0.03 0.94% -0.03 -0.57% -0.03
(3) Avg % Change in State
& US Employment Rate
0.72% -0.03 0.72% -0.03 0.72% -0.03
(4) % Change in Real Retail
Gasoline Price/Gallon
24.86% 1.25 24.86% 1.25 24.86% 1.25
(5) Total Adjusted Points 3.01 3.01 4.43
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Commercial seafood landed score
is net of non-ecosystem factors
Total Adjusted Score of Commercial Seafood Landed Indicator, 2009 to 2010
Row
No. Measurements
SE Florida SW Florida Florida Keys
%
Change Points
%
Change Points
%
Change Points
(1) % Change in Pounds
Harvested
30% 5.00 -3.19% 1.82 14% 4.55
Non-Ecosystem Factors
(2) % Change in Real Ex-
vessel Seafood Price
16% -0.94 23% -1.25 61% -1.25
(3) % Change in Real
Retail Diesel Fuel
Price/Gallon
20% 1.25 20% 1.25 20% 1.25
(4) Total Adjusted Points 5.31 1.82 4.55
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Indicator Index Value assigned
to total adjusted points
Scale Total Adjusted Score to a Number Between 1 and 5
Range of Total
Adjusted Points
Indicator
Index Value
Demand for Ecosystem
Service due to
Quality/Quantity of
Environmental Attributes is:
If total points > 3.18 5 Increasing
(Good or Green)
If total points > 2.27 & < 3.18 3 Stable
(Fair or Yellow)
If total points < 2.27 1 Decreasing
(Poor or Red)
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Convert total adjusted score
to indicator index value
Indicator Index Value for No. Registered Recreational
Boats, South Florida Marine Ecosystems, 2010 to 2011
Area
Total
Adjusted
Score
Indicator
Index
Value
Demand for
Ecosystem
Service is:
Southeast Florida 3.01 3 Stable
Southwest Florida 3.01 3 Stable
Florida Keys /
Dry Tortugas
4.43 5 Increasing
South Florida Region 3.48 5 Increasing
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Economic indicator index values
for south Florida – examples
Economic Indicator
Ecosystem
Service Measured Index Value
Coastal Park Visitation,
2010 to 2011
Recreation - beach and
wildlife-related recreation
activities; reef snorkeling
and diving
5
(Increasing)
No. of Registered
Recreational Boats,
2010 to 2011
Recreation and
Food Supply
5
(Increasing)
Pounds of Commercial
Seafood Landed, 2009
to 2010
Food Supply 5
(Increasing)
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1 Summary 4
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Economic ecosystem indicators inform
management to improve decisions
■ MARES ICEM approach called DPSER links:
● “State of the Ecosystem” to
● “Ecosystem Attributes that People Care About” to
● “Ecosystem Services” to
● “Human Values”
■ Economic indicators provide link between human well-being, ecosystem service value & ecosystem health
■ Method presented here requires further research on impact of factors on the change in the indicator
■ Other economic indicators were / can be developed
■ Economic indicators must be tied to ecologic indicators to assess status of ecosystems
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Funding acknowledgement
Funding for this work is provided by the
Ecosystem Goal-Setting in Coastal Waters and Reefs of South Florida project
under the CSCOR FY08 Regional Ecosystem Prediction Program,
National Ocean Service,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
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Contact information
■ Grace Johns, [email protected]
■ MARES project website http://www.sofla-mares.org/
