Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Economic impacts of the nostalgic tourism on a community with migration to the United States.
Nydia Delhí Mata Sánchez, Rafael G. Reyes Morales, Alicia Sylvia Gijón-Cruz, Andrés C. Cruz Contreras y Salvador López Platas.
Introduction
• Nostalgic tourism refers to the circular migration flow from host communities.
• Looks at the direct and indirect
impacts of migrants spending patterns on the local economic and social activities.
• Therefore, it also considers the characteristics of the demand for tourist services and in turn what local communities are able to provide.
Saint Francisco de Asís
Methodology
• Survey of nostalgic tourism (2006): The purpose was to analyze the economic impact of nostalgic tourism, the structure of how a tourist spent his or her money, the amount of time the individual spent in the community and the demand for services.
• Census of migrants: was carried during the months of January and February of 2005 to obtain specific information about characteristics of migration .
• Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) : In this project we use the 2004 SAM of San Francisco Cajonos which was adapted to analyze to nostalgic tourism.
• Calculation of economic impacts: The SAM provided the information to estimate the economic impacts in local productive activities by means of models of multiplication.
Characteristics of the nostalgic tourism
• The period of time that a visitor stays in San Francisco Cajonos annually varies between 15 and 20 days.
• The flow of nostalgic tourism peaks during specific seasons of the year that coincide with vacation periods and religious festivities.
Source: Encuesta “Turismo nostálgico” aplicada en San Francisco Cajonos, 2006, ITO.
Period of time San Francisco Cajonos, Oax.
Days
Fre
cuen
cy
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Std. Dev = 19.81
Mean = 17.4
N = 37.00
Origin of the nostalgic tourism
Source: Survey “Turismo nostálgico” aplicada en San Francisco Cajonos, 2006, ITO.
Type of Visitor(Percentage)
Origin of Visitor Percentage
National(86.5%)
Oaxaca City 48.6
Other parts of the State of Oaxaca 10.8
Other states in Mexico 8.1
Mexico City 16.2
International(13.5%)
Los Angeles (Metropolitan area) 5.4
Surrounding towns of L.A. and cities of California (Sacramento, Tracy, Van Nuys y Rosemead)
10.8
Total 100.0
Lodging used by the nostalgic tourism
Housing Percentage
With Family Members 37.8
With Their Parents 27.0
In Their Own Home 27.0
They don’t stay in San Francisco Cajonos because they are from neighboring communities.
5.4
With Friends 2.7
Total 100.0
Source: Encuesta “Turismo nostálgico” aplicada en San Francisco Cajonos, 2006, ITO.
The Most Important Festivals that influence migration flows of Nostalgic Tourism
Source: Survey “Turismo nostálgico” aplicada en San Francisco Cajonos, 2006, ITO.
-3 2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37
Other Festivals
Carnival
Vacations (december)
Saint Francisco de Asís
Martíres de Cajonos
Santa Cruz
Fest
ival
s
Number of visitants
Motivations
Reason for Visit Frequency Percentage
To visit family 14 37.8
To attend village festivals 5 13.5
To relax 14 37.8
To preserve their customs, traditions and cultural identity.
3 8.1
To do business 1 2.7
Total 37 100.0
Source: Encuesta “Turismo nostálgico” aplicada en San Francisco Cajonos, 2006, ITO.
Demand for servicesSan Francisco Cajonos has the following services for visitors:
» 2 Restaurants» 2 Public Telephones » 4 Convenience Store
• Tourist attractions: » Community Museum » Graphic art workshop» Archaeological Zone » Natural areas ideal for Ecotourism » Local religious holidays and holidays celebrating zapoteco
culture
Community Museum Traditional dances Natural areas: La Mesa
Evaluation of the demand potential of the nostalgic tourism, San Francisco Cajonos.
Source: Survey “Turismo nostálgico” aplicada en San Francisco Cajonos, 2006, ITO.
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36
Internet
Touristic Information
Sales Souvernirs
Hotel
Resturants
Crafts
Tourist Guide
Serv
ices
Frequency
Nostalgic Tourism in San Francisco Cajonos
Results of the Social Accounting Matrix
Economic Structure from San Francisco Cajonos, Oax. 2004
DISTRIBUCIÓN ECONÓMICA TOTAL
AMOUNT %
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 3,776,871 100 1. Agriculture 1,085,207 14.93 2. Backyard animal husbandry 77,475 1.07 3. Natural resources ( fire wood) 257,428 3.54 4. Commerce and services 4,095,503 56.34 5. Craft production 1,753,853 24.13
PRODUCTION
Subtotal 7,269,466 100 1. Land 15,688 0.42 2. Capital 148,371 3.93 3. Wage-earning work 1,521,477 40.28 4. Family work 2,091,335 55.37
FACTORS
Subtotal 3,776,871 100 1. Household with remittances 8,508,130 56.05 2. Household without remittances 6,160,883 40.58 3. Community organization 100,000 0.66 4. Government 411,346 2.71
INSTITUTION
Subtotal 15,180,359 100 1. Saving Money -42,590 -4.82 2. Human Resources 926,615 104.82
SAVE AND INVERTIONS
Subtotal 884,025 100
1. Rest of the region 8,077,240 42.21
2. Rest of México 5,775,340 30.18
3. Rest of the world 5,281,433 27.60 RELATIONS WITH
THE EXTERIOR
Subtotal 19,134,013 100
Results of the multiplier model
San Francisco Cajonos, 2006.
INJECTION OF MONETARY CONTRIBUITION OF NOSTALGIC TOURISM TO THE LOCAL ECONOMY.
SAN FRANCISCO CAJONOS, 2006.
Source: “Etnodemografía. Migración y Comunidad Transterritorial en San Francisco Cajonos, Oaxaca, 2005”. Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, The Rockefeller Foundation , Red Internacional de Migración y Desarrollo.
ACTIVITY INJECTION
COMERCE AND SERVICES 210,745 SAVING MONEY 12,903
CRAFTS 12,903
Subtotal 236,551 Economic growth (real GDP) 1.498 1. Agriculture 0.757 2. Backyard animal husbandry 92.660 3. Natural resources (wood fire) 0.508 4. Commerce and services 7.649
PRODUCTION
5. Activities not agricultural 0.744 1. Land 0.757 2. Capital 2.304 3. Wage-earning work 1.832
FACTORS
4. Family work 1.203
1. Household with remittances .295 2. Household without remittances 0.702 3. Community organization 0.000
INSTITUTIONS
4. Government 2.297 1. Saving Money 0.297 SAVE AND
INVERTIONS 2. Human Resources 0.000 1. Rest of the region 2.688 2. Rest of México 0.158
RELATIONS WITH THE EXTERIOR
3. Rest of the world 0.016
Conclusions of the nostalgic tourism
• The reasons why nostalgic tourists are motivated to return to their communities of origin are: The desire to visit to relatives, and to rest and to attend community festivals (89.1%).
• The lodging does not represent a problem for the visitors because almost all of them are guaranteed lodging with their nuclear family, with other relatives or with friends (94.5%).
• The majority of the flow of visitors come from areas within Mexico (86.5%), and the remainder coming from the United States (13.5%).
• The average annual stopover is 17.4 days over the state average of 1.84 days, and the national one of 1.71 days; which presents a coefficient variation of 113.9%.
• The economic impact of nostalgic tourism profoundly impacts the economic activities, particularly backyard animal husbandry, commerce and basic services.
• Nostalgic tourism has a limited impact on local development because the liquidity provided by the productive activities is directed towards regional markets.
• The economic growth induced by the economic impact of nostalgic tourism causes dependency with outside markets because there is an increased demand for imported goods and services.
• This is a characteristic of rural economies such as San Francisco Cajonos that lack communal banks or microfinance institutions to ensure that remittances are recycled locally in the form of loans.
