Economic Guideline for Muslims [English]

7/30/2019 Economic Guideline for Muslims [English]

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Nklmleok Iuo`n jomns glr Eusjoes www.cjcfczrctmntwlrb.lri

3


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NKLMLEOK I^O@N JOMN[ GLT

E^[JOE[

QTLQL[N@ D_ OECE CFEC@ TCXC BFCM

Om 3?34 C@

Yrottnm dy8

QTLG. ELFCEEC@ TCGO^JJCF [O@@OS^O

@nputy @ornktlr lg Kljjnins, Fy`nrcdc` Tniolm.

Prcmsjctn` dy8

QTLG. E.C. [email protected] Ilvt. @nirnn Kljjnin, [ubbur, [om`

.

www.cjcfczrctmntwlrb.lri


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NKLMLEOK IÔ@N JOMN[ GLT E^[JOE[

QTLQL[N@ D_ OECE CFEC@ TCXCBFCMOm 3?34 C@

Yrottnm dy8 QTLG. ELFCEEC@ TCGO^JJCF

[O@@OSÔ

@nputy @ornktlr lg Kljjnins, Fy`nrcdc`

Tniolm.

Prcmsjctn` dy8 QTLG. E.C. SC@OT

Nx-Qromkopcj Ilvt. @nirnn Kljjnin, [ubbur,

[om`

Cutflrs Qrlgojn

Qrlgnsslr Elfceec` Tcgoujjcf wcs dlrm lm 3st lg Ecrkf, 3?;0

ct Eurc`cdc`, Dfcrct. Fn wcs nùkctn` ct Jukbmlw,

Jcflrn cm` Kcmc`c. Pfn gljjlwomi crn mltcdjn celmi

fos tnckfnrs8

3. Cjjcec Pchwcr Mchodcdcò

4. Qrlg. Csfgcqun Cfen` Bfcm

;. @r. Odc`ct Dcrnjvo

0. @r. Cduj Jcos [o`òquo

>. Qrlg. [yn` Ycqcr Cznne

7. [ugo Ifujce Eustcgc Pcdcssue

9. @r. Cdùjjcf


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0

6. @r. [.E. Cbftcr

Pfn gljjlwomi crn mltcdjn celmi tfn Glrnoim Pnckfnrs8-

3. Qrlg. ^rqukfcrt4. @r. [jctnr

;. @r. [eotf

0. @r. @cmn ^sfnr

>. Qrlg. Cokfnslm

Qrlgnsslr E.T.^. [o`òquo pcssn` fos E.C.Nklmleoks om 3?>7 grle tfn ^movnrsoty lg Qumhcd2 om 3?7?,

ilt E.[.K. @nirnn grle tfn Sunnms ^movnrsoty, Kcmc`c.

Fn fcs dnnm tnckfomi Nklmleoks glr tfn jcst klupjn lg`nkc`ns cm` dnjlmis tl tfn snjnktn` kjcss lg Qrlgnsslrs wfl

crn gujjy ckqucomtn` wotf tfn mnw tnkfmoqun lg tnckfomi

Nklmleoks.

Qrlgnsslr [o`òquo wcs cjsl klmmnktn` wotf Q.C.G.om 3?>; cm` 3?>0 cm` tllb gjyomi trcomomi grle Cor

Ecrsfcjj Xujgoqcr Cjo Bfcm, dut fos gctn wojjn` ltfnrwosn.[l fn jngt Qcbostcm Cor Glrkn cm` hlomn` Pnckfomi jomn glr

tfn dnmngot lg fos tfluscm`s lg stu`nmts.

Prcmsjctlr Qrlgojn8

Qrlgnsslr E.C. Scòr wcs dlrm lm 9tf Humn 3?43.Fn ò` E.C. Nklmleoks om tfn yncr 3?0; cm` E.Kle om

3?07 grle Circ ^movnrsoty, Dfcrct. Fn hlomn` Ilvnrmenmt

Kljjnin lg Kleenrkn om 3?06 cs c Jnkturnr om Kleenrkn2dnkcen tfn prlgnsslr lg Kleenrkn om 3?>; cm` c snmolr

Qrlgnsslr lg Nklmleoks (Irc`n-3?) om @nknednr, 3?77,


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wfnm fn wcs trcmsgnrrn` tl Ilvnrmenmt @nirnn Kljjnin,

[ubbur. Fn snrvn` cs tfn promkopjn lg twl @nirnn Kljjninsct [ubbur voz8 Ilvt. @nirnn Kljjnin cm` Ilvt. Kljjnin lg

N`ukctolm cm` cjsl cs Qromkopcj lg tfn K & [ Ilvt. Kljjnin,

[fobcrpur grle wfnrn fn rntorn` om Humn, 3?63.

Fn os tfn cutflr lg c muednr lg dllbs lm NklmleokPfnlry, Dcmbomi, El`nrm Nklmleok @nvnjlpenmt cm`

Dusomnss Ecmcinenmt cm` muenrlus stcm`cr` crtokjns lm

Nklmleok cm` Kleenrkocj tlpoks. Fn os cjsl tfn cutflr lgc dllb lm tfn jogn cm` Eossolm lg tfn Fljy Qrlpfnt

( ) wfokf os ynt tl dn pudjosfn`.


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OMPTL@^KPOLM

NKLMLEOK IÔ@N JOMN[ LG OECE CFEC@

TCXC BFCM CM@ OP[ CMCJ_[O[ ^M@NT PFN

JOIFP LG EL@NTM NKLMLEOK[ PFNLT_ CM@

QTCKPOKN8

Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm os c umoqun pnrslmcjotylg tfn prnsnmt Knmtury. Lmn wfl os cm nruòtn jobn foe kcm

gujjy cpprnkoctn foe. Yfnm Elfceec` Tcgoujjcf [o`òqo,

Qrlgnsslr lg Nklmleoks, rnc` tfn nklmleok iuo`n jomns lgtfn Ecujcmc, fn nxtljjn` foe. Pfn gorst qucrtnr lg tfos

knmtury wcs c turdujnmt pnrol` wfnm irnct ^jnec cm`

jnc`nrs kluj` mlt ecomtcom tfnor dcjcmkn. Om sukf c stlreypnrol`, Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm prnsnmtn` glur

promkopjns glr tfn nklmleok wnjgcrn lg Eusjoes nmtotjn`

PC@DNNTN GCJCF-L- MOHCP-YC-O[JCF. Pfnsn

glur crn oeplrtcmt nvnm tl`cy. [lentfomi fcs dnnm sco`cdlut tfnsn iuo`n jomns om tfos elmlirce.

Pfn nklmleok vonwplomts lg Oece Cfec` Tczc

Bfcm jobn tfct lg c trun Eusjoe rnsnedjn Mozce-n-Eustcgc. Pfn Surcmok vnrsns tnjj us tfct tfn coe lg fuecm

jogn jobn tfct lg quc`rupn`s crn scjjy nctomi cm` `rombomi,dut ot os tl gljjlw tfn kleecmènmts lg Cjjcf om tfos jogn.Pfn ldnònmkn lg Cjjcf os c eust om cjj spfnrn lg jogn, dn ot

Crtokjns lg Gcotf lr Ckts lr Nklmleoks lr Qljotoks. Cm`

ldnònmkn tl Cjjcf os oeplssodjn wotflut ldnònmkn tl tfn

Fljy Qrlpfnt


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Pfn nssnmkn lg tfn tnckfomis lg Oece Cfec` Tczc

Bfcm os tfct ldnònmkn tl Cjjcf sfluj` nenrin grleldnònmkn tl Eufceec`. Pfnm ylu wojj dnklen grnn grle

tfn cmxonty lg ncrmomi ylur drnc`. Cjjcf scys om tfn Fljy

Surcm, Yn fcvn cpplrtolmn` celmi tfne tfnor jovnjofll`

om tfn jogn lg tfn wlrj`. Cm` tfnrn os mlt c jovomi krncturnlm Ncrtf jngt tfn sustnmcmkn tfnrnlg `npnm`s lm Cjjcf

(Kfcptnr 33/3).

Om tfn dniommomi lg tfn prnsnmt knmtury klmtrlvnrsywcs rogn wfntfnr Omòc os @crus [cjce lr @cruj -

Fcrcd. C irlup lg ^jnec `nkjcrn` Omòc tl dn @cruj -

Fcrcds. @un tl tf0s Gctwc (3) ot dnkcen mnknsscry glrtfn Eusjoes tl eoirctn grle Omòc tl ltfnr klumtrons, (4)

^sury dusomnss wcs cjjlwn` wotf tfn Fomùs lg Omòc.

Fohrct elvnenmt kcuift elenmtue. Pfluscm`s lg

Eusjoes slj` tfnor prlpnrtons lm mleomcj rctns cmèoirctn` tl Cgifcmostcm. Yfnm tfny rnturmn`, tfny wnrn

pnmmojnss. Omtnrnst os c kursn tfct sprnc`s plvnrty cm`

pnmury. Omtnrnst votoctns tfn mldojoty lg ecm. Kleplumòmtnrnst ecbns fuecm jogn ldhnkt jy eosnrcdjn. Pfn Eusjoes

wnrn cjrnc`y dur`nmn` wotf tfn omtnrnst lg tfn Fomùs. Pfos

Gctwc ec`n tfn sotuctolm stojj wlrsn.

Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm sco` tfct Omòc wcs@crus- [cjce. Og tfos gctwc wcs ckknptn`, tfn Omòcm

Eusjoes wluj` mlt fcvn suggnrn` tfn provctolms kcusn` dy

Fohrct, mlr tfn Eusjoe mctolm wluj` fcvn suggnrn` grle tfnkursn lg omtnrnst. Pfn Ecujcmc om fos dllb BOGJCJGCSOFCJ GCFOE Gj SCTPC[-CJ-@TCFOE (Pfn

plsotolm lg kurrnmky Mltn cm` ots rnjctn` ecttnrs ckklròmitl [fcrocf) fcs suiinstn` sukf `nvokns wfokf dnmngot tfn

Eusjoes wotflut omtnrnst dusomnss. Dniicry os c irnct

mctolmcj kursn. Ot os mlt lmjy tfn fnoift lg enmtcj omtnroc,dut os c irnct prldjne glr tfn nmtorn mctolm.


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Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm fcs strlmijy

klm`nemn` dniicry om fos pcepfjnt BFCOTCJ CECJ Gj

F^BE CJ-BC[CD YC C[[LCJ [^YCJ cm` fcs

nepfcsosn` tfn oeplrtcmkn lg fcr` wlrb cm` jniotoectn

wcys lg ncrmomi lmns jovnjofll` wfokf lpnms tfn `llrs lg

omòvoùcj cm` slkocj prlpnrty.

Ot os mnknsscry glr tfn omtnjjnktucjs lg CfO-n-[ummct tl plpujcrozn tfn snrvokns lg Ecujcmc Cfec`

Tczc Bfcm cm` tfn ltfnr ^jnec lg tfct tl tfn mctolm.

O`crc-o-Pcfqnnqct-n-Oece Cfen` Tczc osòstrodutomi tfn dllbjnt um`nr rnvonw irctos. Dnglrn tfos tfn

j`crc fcs òstrodutn` tfluscm`s lg pcepfjnts cm` dllbjntslm Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm. Ecy Cjjcf klmgnr fos

dnmnòktolms lm tfn enednrs cm` pctrlmosnrs lg tfn

elvnenmt.

(Cennm)

CJJCEC Elfceec` Cdùj Fcbnne [frcg Sc`ro

3st Tcezcm-uj-Eudcrcb 3;?9 CF

Jcflrn******** ****** t***** *****


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NKLMLEOK[ I^O@N JOMN[ CM@ OP[

CMCJ_[O[

Pfn rnsncrkf wlrb @r. Eufceec` Ecsll` Cfen`fcs `lmn lm Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm Dcrnojvo os wnjj

bmlwm. Om klursn lg fos rnsncrkf wlrb @r. Ecsll` Cfen`glkusn` fos cttnmtolm lm tfn Nklmleok Iuo`n jomns lg

Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm wfokf fn nmumkoctn` om fos

pcepfjnt Pc`dnnr-n-Gcjcf-l-Mohct-wc-Osjcf wfokf wcspudjosfn` grleKcjkuttc om 3?34/3 ;;3 CF. Pfn `ntcojs lgtfnsn iuo`n jomns crn cs gljjlws

3. Nxknptomi tflsn ecttnrs om wfokf tfn stctn osomtnrvnmomi, tfn Eusjoes sfluj` snttjn tfnor klmgjokts dy

eutucj klmsujtctolm, sl tfct krlrns lg rupnns wfokf crnsqucm`nrn` om um-mnknsscry jotoictolm ecy dn scvn`.

4. Pfn rokf Eusjoes lg Dledcy, Kcjkuttc,

Tcmillm, Ec`rcs cm` Fy`nrcdc`-@nkcm sfluj` sntupdcmbs glr tfnor Eusjoe drntfrnm.

;. Pfn Eusjoes sfluj` mlt purkfcsn cmytomi grlemlm-Eusjoes. Pfny sfluj` fcvn dusomnss `ncjomis wotf tfnEusjoes lmjy.

0. Pfnrn sfluj` dn nepfcsos lm tfn sprnc` lg Oje-o-`nnm (Osjceok Pnckfomis)

Cppcrnmtjy tfnsn glur plomts lr iuo`n jomns crn drong,

dut @r. Ecsll` Cfen` fcs nmtrustn` tfn tcsb lg njuko`omitfnsn iuo`n jomns tl en cs c fuedjn stu`nmt lg Nklmleoks.

Pfos tcsb os stupnm`lus. @nspotn ey twnmty yncrs tnckfomi


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nxpnronmkn, O tfomb ey bmlwjnìn os joeotn`. Omspotn lg ey

joeotctolms, O fcvn ec`n ey eom` tl nxpjcom tfnsn iuo`njomns tl tfn dnst lg ey cdojoty. Cjjcec jqdcj [cys8

Om`nn` tfnsn crn tfn iuo`njomns lg c ELEOM wfl wcs

scturctn` wotf tfn jlvn lg tfn Fljy Qrlpfnt Dnglrn òskussomi tfnsn iuo`njomns, O wluj` jobn tl

scy slentfomi dy tfn wcy lg Qrngckn.

Om 3?34 wfnm tfnsn iuo`n jomns wnrn pudjosfn`, tfnstu`y lg Nklmleoks cs c òstomkt sudhnkt wcs mlt kleelm.

Om ltfnr `nvnjlpn` klumtrons lg tfn wlrj` jobn Nmijcm`,Cenrokc, Grcmkn cm` Inrecmy c spnkocj irlup lg

omtnjjnktucjs wcs nmicin` om ckquoromi bmlwjnìn lgNklmleoks.

Pfnrn os ml `ludt tfct rniujcr dllbs lm Nklmleoks

wnrn dnomi pudjosfn`, dut tfn ecssns wnrn mlt omtnrnstn` omtfos sudhnkt. Pfn stu`nmts usn` tl cvlo` tfos sudhnkt,

klmso`nromi ot tl dn `ry.

Pfn trnenm`lus omkrncsn om tfn oeplrtcmkn lg

Nklmleoks cgtnr tfn Gorst Irnct Ycr cm` pcrtokujcrjy tfnIrnct @nprnssolm lg 3?4?-;1 os umprnkn`nmtn` om tfnfostlry lg `nvnjlpenmt lg slkocj skonmkns. Pfn muednr lg

stu`nmts lg Nklmleoks om Cenrokcm ^movnrsotons cm`

Kljjnins wcs vnry secjj. Pfn iorjs pcrtokujcrjy cvlo`n` tlstu`y Nklmleoks. Dut cgtnr 3?01 tfn klmòtolms kfcmin`

rcòkcjjy cm` tfnrn wcs c irnct omkrncsn om tfn muednr lg

tfn stu`nmts lg Nklmleoks. Mlw tfn Cenrokcm nxpnrts crn


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tfombomi lg omtrlùkomi tfn stu`y lg Nklmleoks ct tfn

proecry stcin.

Ot ilns wotflut scyomi tfct tfn Irnct @nprnssolm(3?4?-;1) icvn c irnct oepntus tl tfn stu`y lg Nklmleoks

om tfn ecssns cm` tfn Ilvnrmenmts. Pfn kjcssokcj tfnlronsnxostn` glr tfn klmtrlj lg `nprnssolm, dut tfn Irnct@nprnssolm gcjsogon` tfnsn tfnlrons. Pfn mnn` wcs gnjt glr c

mnw tfnlry wfokf kluj` fnjp om kledctomi `nprnssolm. Om

3?;7, H.E. Bnymns , c Drotosf Nklmleost pudjosfn` fos dllb,PFN PFNLT_ LG NEQJL_ENMP, OMPNTN[P CM@

ELMN_ wfokf troiinrn` c rnvljutolm om Nklmleok

tfombomi om tfn wlrj`. Bnymns tfnlry nmcdjn` klumtrons tllvnrklen sjuep cm` `nprnssolm. Bnymns wcs ec`n c jlr`

om rnklimotolm lg fos mnw tfnlry.

Pfn rnc`nrs sfluj` mltn tfct tfn mnw Nklmleoktfnlrons wnrn `nvnjlpn` cgtnr 3?;1. Ot os rctfnr surprosomi

tfct Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm cmtokopctn` tfn mnw

Nklmleok `nvnjlpenmts om 3?34. Og rokf Eusjoes fc` pco`

cttnmtolms tl tfn iuo`n jomns lg Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc bfcmsomkn 3?34, tfn Nklmleok klmòtolm lg tfn Omòcm Eusjoes

wluj` fcvn oeprlvn` c jlt.

Mlw jnt us òskuss tfnsn iuo`njomns om `ntcoj. Om ey

lpomolm, tfn gorst tfrnn iuo`njomns crn klmknrmn` wotf tfn

sporot lg mnw Nklmleoks cm` tfn glurtf lmn os klmknrmn`

wotf tfn sprnc` lg Osjceok [tuòns.

Gorst Iuo`n Jomn

Nxknptomi tflsn ecttnrs om wfokf tfn Ilvnrmenmt

omtnrvnmns, tfn Eusjoes sfluj` snttjn tfnor òsputns dy

eutucj klmsujtctolm sl tfct krlrns lg rupnns wfokf spnmt lmjotoictolm ecy dn scvn` (glr Nklmleok @nvnjlpenmt) -


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Pfny bny plomt om tfos iuo`n jomn os scvomi. Lur

Fljy Qrlpfntklm`nemn` prlòicjoty lvnr 3011 yncrs cil.Pfn El`nrm Nklmleoks klm`nem jllsn spnmòmi. Pfny

nepfcsosn tfct tom- prlùktovn nxpnmòturn os gruotjnss. Og

wn stu`y tfn Nklmleok jogn lg tfn Omòcm Eusjoes om. tfn

41tf knmtcury prolr tl tfn nstcdjosfenmt lg Qcbostcm, ot wojjdnklen krystcj kjncr tfct ùromi tfct pnrol` tfn Omòcm

Eusjoes squcm`nrn` krlrns lg rupnns om jotoictolm. Pfn

Eusjoes klmstotutn` lmjy 30% lg tfn plpujctolm lg tfn ^.Q.Pfny wnrn wnjj-tl-`l Eusjoe jcm`jlr`s (Xceom`cr) dut

jotoictolm wcs tfnor plpujcr pcstoen. Lmn lg ey mncr

rnjctovns wfl wcs c Xceom`cr usn` tl vosot us lvnr c pnrol`lg twnjvn yncrs om klmmnktolm wotf jotoictolm wotf fos

drltfnr-om-jcw, Cgtnr pcrtotolm lg Omòc omtl Dfcrct cm`Qcbostcm, Wcjjcdf Dfco Qctnj cdljosfn` Xceom`cro cm`

eomn` tfn Eusjoe Xceom`crs. Pfnm circrocm jotoictolm òn`

c mcturcj `nctf.

Pfn gorst iuo`n jomn ecbns ot kjncr tfct EcujcmcCfec` Tczc Bfcm ò` rolt jobn nxpnmòturns lm jotoictolm.

Jotoictolm slwn` tfn snn`s lg òsklr` celmi Eusjoes.[nklm`jy, tfn eojjolms lg rupnns wfokf wnrn spnmt lm

jotoictolm, og scvn`, wluj` fcvn cenjolrctn` tfn nklmleok

klmòtolms lg tfn Omòcm Eusjoes. Pfnsn nxpnmòturns wnrnum-mnknsscry. Jotoictolm kluj` dn cvlo`n` og tfn sporot lg

klmsujtctolm cm` kllpnrctolm wcs cjjlwn` tl prnvcoj

dntwnnm tfn òsputcmts. Om tfct kcsn tfn elmny lg Eusjoes

wluj` mlt fcvn nmrokfn` ltfnrs.

Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm strnssn` tfn mnn` glrscvomi om 3?34, dnkcusn fn wcs surn tfct ot wcs tfn dnst

encms lg rnelvomi tfn plvnrty lg Eusjoes. Fn wcs glr`rcstokcjjy kurtcojomi um- mnknsscry nxpnmòturn cm` usomi

tfn elmny tfus scvn` lm tfn nklmleok rnfcdojotctolm cm`

wnjgcrn lg tfn Eusjoe ecssns. Om 3?;7 Bnymns nmumkoctn`fos tfnlry lg nepjlyenmt cm` elmny, cm` strnmitfnmn` tfn


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3;

glum`ctolms lg mnw lr eckrl-nklmleoks. Pfn elst

oeplrtcmt vcrocdjns lg fos tfnlry crn scvomis cm`omvnstenmt. Fn ecomtcoms tfct tl snkurn nquojodroue om tfn

nklmley, scvomis cm` omvnstenmt sfluj` dn nqucj. Og tfnrn

os `osnquojodroue om tfn twl vcrocdjns, tfn nklmley wojj

dnklen prny tl sjuep lr omgjctolm cm` dltf tfnsn sotuctolmscrn fcreguj grle pljotokcj, nklmleok cm` slkocj plomt lg

vonw. Pfn irnct `nprnssolm lg 3?4? - ;1 nxpjl`n` tfn

Ilvnrmenmts pljoky lg mlm omtnrvnmtolm om nklmleok

cggcors lg tfn klumtry lr tfn pljoky lg jcossnz gcorn wcsgcjsogon` dy nklmleok gjuktuctolms. Bnymns c`vosn` tfn

Ilvnrmenmt tl gujjy omtnrvnmn om tfn nklmleok cggcors lg

tfnor rnspnktovn klumtrons tl kfnkb sjuep cm` dromi cdlutquokb nklmleok rnklvnry cm` prlspnroty. [l tfn

Ilvnrmenmts tllb gujj pcrt om nklmleok rnfcdojotctolm cm`

`nvnjlpenmt cm` tfus trc`n kykjn wcs kurdn`.

Pfn prnsnmt os tfn nplkf lg nklmleok pjcmmomi.^[[T os tfn polmnnr om tfn gonj` lg nklmleok pjcmmomi om

tfn wlrj`. Pfn pjcms crn inmnrcjjy `rcwm glr > yncrs

pnrol`s.

Mlw dckbwcr` cm` um`nr-`nvnjlpn` klumtrons crnnmicin` om nklmleok pjcmmomi tfrluif tfn Govn _ncrs Qjcm.

Pfn gum`s glr tfn klepjntolm lg pjcms crn `nrovn` grle twlslurkns8 3 .Mctolmcj [cvomis 4.Jlcms. Og Mctolmcj [cvomis

crn omc`nquctn, tfn `nvnjlpomi klumtrons fcvn tl `npnm` lm

glrnoim jlcms cm` ircmts. Pfn tfor` entfl` lg gomcmkomi tfn`nvnjlpenmt prlirce klmsosts om tfn ossun lg omklmvnrtodjnkurrnmky mltns dy tfn Knmtrcj dcmb lg tfn klumtry. Dut tfos

entfl` omkrncsns omgjctolm wfokf og umklmtrljjn` rnsujts om

nklmleok krosos lr `nprnssolm.

[l tfn ncsonst cm` tfn dnst wcy os tl nmklurcinmctolmcj scvomis. Pfn jnvnj lg scvomis os jlw om tfn

`nvnjlpomi klumtrons dnkcusn tfn omklen lg pnlpjn os jlw.


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Elrnlvnr og tfnrn os cm omkrncsn om omòvoùcjs omklen, ot os

spnmt lm prlkuromi ùrcdjn klmsuenrs ill`s. Ckklròmi tlcm nstoectn lg tfn nklmleost tfn rctn lg scvomi om elst lg

tfn um`nr`nvnjlpn` klumtrons os > tl 6 pnrknmt, wfnrncs om

`nvnjlpn` klumtrons ot rcmins grle 3>% tl 36% lg tfn

mctolmcj omklen. Pfn `nvnjlpomi klumtrons sfluj` cuienmttfnor scvomis tl 3>% tl ckknjnrctn tfn pckn lg nklmleok

`nvnjlpenmt.

Yn fcvn cjj rnc`y snnm tfct ckklròmi tl Bnymnsocmnquctolm [5j, og scvomis crn omkrncsomi, tfnm omvnstenmt wojj

cjsl omkrncsn. Om 3?>1, Klfm Kjcrb cm Cenrokcm Nklmleost

suiinstn` tfct Dfcrct, Kfomc cm` Qcbostcm nckf sfluj` scvn34% lg tfnor mctolmcj omklen glr nklmleok `nvnjlpenmt

purplsns. Pfn `nvnjlpomi klumtrons omkjuòmi Qcbostcm crn

gjlctomi vcrolus scvomis skfnens tl ckkueujctn gum`s glr

nklmleok `nvnjlpenmt. Mctolmcj scvomi os tfn bny tlnklmleok `nvnjlpenmt.

Mlw tfn òsknrmomi eom`s sfluj` bnnp om vonw tfos

nmvorlmenmt. Om 3?34, Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm fc`c`vosn` tfn Eusjoes tl sfum um- mnknsscry nxpnmòturns

cm` scvn cs eukf cs plssodjn. Ct prnsnmt, tfn Ilvnrmenmt

os cjsl uriomi tfn pnlpjn tl scvn tl tfn ecxoeue joeot.Mlw, wluj` ylu mlt rnklimozn tfn nklmleok gcrsoiftn`mnss

lg Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm< Yluj` ylu mlt dn

klmvomkn` lg tfn gckt tfct tfn òsknrmomi nyns lg tfn

Ecujcmc wnrn vosucjozomi tfn guturn vnry kjncrjy. Bnymnswlm tfn totjn grle tfn Drotosf Ilvnrmenmt glr òsklvnromi c

tfomi wfokf Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm fc` cjrnc`y

pudjosfn` om 3?34. Ot os c poty tfct tfn Eusjoes ò` mlt pcycmy fnn` tl tfos gckt.

[NKLM@ IÔ@N JOMN8-


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3>

Mlw jnt us klen tl tfn snklm` iuo`njomn. Pfn

Ecujcmc sco` tfn rokf Eusjoes lg Dledcy, Kcjkuttc,Tcmillm, Ec`rcs cm` Fy`nrcdc` @nkkcm sfluj` nstcdjosf

dcmbs glr tfnor Eusjoe drntfrnm. Pfos iuo`njomn os sl

oeplrtcmt grle nklmleok plomt lg vonw tfct wn kcmmlt fnjp

rnklimozomi tfn nklmleok omsoift lg Ecujcmc Cfec` TczcBfcm. Om 3?34, tfnrn wnrn c gnw dcmbs om tfn doiinr kotons

lg Omòc. Pfny wnrn lwmn` dy tfn Nmijosf lr tfn Fomùs.

^ptl 3?01, tfnrn wcs ml Eusjoe Dcmb om Omòc. Ot wcs mltcm ncsy tcsb tl cssnss tfn oeplrtcmkn lg dcmbs om 3?34, dut

oeplrtcmkn lg tfnsn guturn gomcmkocj omstotutolms kluj` mlt

nskcpn tfn cttnmtolm lg tfn Ecujcmc. [l fn cppncjn` tl tfncggjunmt Eusjoes tl snt up dcmbs glr tfn Eusjoes. Ot ilns

wotflut scyomi tfct Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm coen` ct

dcmbomi wotflut omtnrnst lr omtrnstjnss dcmbomi.

Pfn dcmbs pjcy cm oeplrtcmt rljn om sustcomomi tfnnklmley lg c klumtry. Krnòt os tfn jogn djll` lg kleenrkn

cm` tfn dcmbs prlvo`n ot. Pfn dcmbs kljjnkt tfn secjj

scvomis lg tfn pnlpjn cm` ecbn tfne cvcojcdjn glromvnstenmt om prlùktovn kfcmmnjs. Yn kcmmlt tfomb cdlut c

vocdjn nklmley wotflut dcmbs. Pfct os wfy tfn prnsnmt

nklmleok systne os kcjjn` tfn kleplum` omtnrnst systneo.n. c systne dcsn` lm kleplum` omtnrnst.

Gomcmkn flj`s tfn povltcj plsotolm om Nklmleok

Qjcmmomi. Ml nklmleok pjcm, wfctnvnr ots sozn, kcm dn

klepjntn` wotflut gum`s. Ot os tfn ùty lg tfn dcmbs om cpjcmmn` nklmley tl eomoeozn tfn pcukoty lg gum`s grle

tfn nklmley cm` nmklurcin omvnstenmt. Pfn dcmbs pnrglre

twl gumktolms8

3. Pfny kljjnkt jcrin cm` secjj scvomis lg pnlpjn.4. Pfny jnm` tfnsn gum`s tl tflsn pnrslms wfl omvnst tfne

om prlùktovn kfcmmnjs o.n., om tfn prlùktolm lg sukf ill`s


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cm` snrvokns cs cssost om tfn prlùktolm lg wncjtf om tfn

guturn.

Pfus tfn oeplrtcmkn lg dcmbs om tfn el`nrm nrc oswnjj nstcdjosfn`. Suco`-n-Czce wcs c gcrsoiftn`

stctnsecm. Fn rncjozn` tfn oeplrtcmkn lg c Eusjoe Dcmbglr tfn nklmleok `nvnjlpenmt lg Eusjoes jlmi dnglrnnstcdjosfenmt lg Qcbostcm. Fn `npjlrn` tfn cdsnmkn lg

Eusjoe dcmbs. Dnomi elvn` dy tfn pnrsostnmt nxflrtctolms

lg Suco`-n-Czce, [or C`cehnn @cu` cm` Eorzc CfecÒspfcmo wfl wnrn klumtn` celmi tfn jncòmi kcpotcjosts lg

tfn umòvo`n` Omòc, snt up tfn Eusjoe Kleenrkocj Dcmb

om Kcjkuttc lm ?tf Hujy 3?09. Cgtnr pcrtotolm lg Omòc tfnFnc` Lggokn lg tfos dcmb wcs trcmsgnrrn` tl Qcbostcm. Ct

prnsnmt, tfos dcmb os pjcyomi cm oeplrtcmt rljn om tfn

nklmley lg Qcbostcm tfrluif ots muenrlus drcmkfns.

Pfn el`nrm gomcmkocj nxpnrts fcvn nmuenrctn` twltypns lg scvomis. (3) [cvomi & (4) Flcròmi. Og cm

omòvoùcj scvns twnmty rupnns lut lg fos elmtfjy omklen

lg Ts.311/-, fos elmtfjy scvomi wojj dn Ts.41/-. [oeojcrjy,tfn mctolm scvns, Og mctolmcj omklen nxknn`s mctolmcj

nxpnmòturn, tfn rnsujt os mctolmcj scvomi,

Pfn omòvoùcj kcm `nplsot tfnor scvomis Om tfn dcmb

lr omvnst tfne om slen Mctolmcj [cvomi [kfnen. Pfos os

kcjjn` scvomi prlpnr. Dut og tfn pnrslms bnnp tfnor scvomis

tl tfnesnjvns, ot os kcjjn` Flcròmi.

Cs jlmi cs pnrslms `nplsot tfnor scvomis om dcmbs lr

omvnst tfne om slen mctolmcj scvomi skfnen, tfn nklmleywojj rnecom dcjcmkn`. Dut om kcsn lg flcròmi lg scvomis,

tfn nklmley wojj dnklen umdcjcmkn`. Cs Bnynms nquctolm

scvomi 5 Omvnstenmt wojj dn òsturdn`, tfn nklmley wojjdnklen prny tl omgjctolm lr sjuep. Ot wojj omkrncsn um-


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nepjlyenmt cm` um-utojozn` nklmleok rnslurkns. Pfos wojj

rnsujt om snvnrcj slkocj nvojs.

Ct prnsnmt tfn oeplrtcmkn lg scvomis cm` dcmbs fcsdnkcen umovnrscj. Om 3?34 wfnm nklmleok jotnrcky wcs

vnry jlw, wfl bmnw tfct cgtnr ;1 lr 01 yncrs scvomis lrdcmbs wojj ckquorn sl eukf oeplrtcmkn. Ecujcmc Cfen`Tczc Bfcm fc` pnnpn` omtl tfn guturn. Fn mlt lmjy c`vosn`

Eusjoes tl rngrcom grle prlòicjoty, dut cjsl pnrsuc`n`

tfne tl scvn. Fn cjsl cppncjn` tl tfn rokf Eusjoes tl sntup dcmbs om wfokf tfn Eusjoes kluj` `nplsot tfnor secjj

scvomis cm` wfnrngrle tfn ckkueujctn` gum`s ecy dn jnmt

tl tfn klepntnmt Eusjoe Omùstrocjosts sl tfct tfny kluj`klepntn wotf tfn Fomù Omùstrocjosts om tfn omùstrocj cm`

kleenrkocj gonj`s.

Qcbostcm kcen omtl nxostnmkn lm 30tf Cuiust, 3?09.Pfn Fomùs wnrn sbnptokcj cdlut ots nklmleok vocdojoty. Ot

wcs c gckt. Pfn Qcbostcm trncsury wcs nepty. Pfn Eusjoes

fc` ml nxpnronmkn lg omùstrons cm` dcmbomi. Pfnrn wcs cm

nklmleok vckuue wfokf fc` tl dn gojjn` `nspotn tfn l``s.Ircùcjjy wotf tfn irckn lg Cjjcf tfn òggokujtons wnrn

surelumtn` cm` Qcbostcm wcs put lm tfn rlc` tl

`nvnjlpenmt.

O tfomb tfct om 3?34 og slen gcr-soiftn` Eusjoes fc`

cktn` lm tfn c`vokn lg Ecujcmc Cfen` Tczc Bfcm, tfnm

tfn nklmleok fostlry lg tfn Eusjoes om Omòc wluj` fcvndnnm òggnrnmt cm` Qcbostcm wluj` mlt fcvn gckn` sukfdjncb nklmleok klmòtolms. [ukf `nnp tfombomi cm` sukf

iuo`n jomns wfokf wnrn prnimcmt wotf gcr rnckfomi

klmsnqunmkns wnrn dnylm` tfn rnckf lg cm lròmcry eom`.Ot wcs tfn gnct lg Ecujcmc Cfen` Tczc wfl c`vosn` tfn

wncjtfy Eusjoes tl snt up Eusjoe Dcmbs sl cs tl dnttnr tfn

nklmleok jlt lg tfn Eusjoes. Suco`-n-Czce cjsl rnpnctn`tfn scen tfomi om 3?07. Og om 3?34 c gnw Eusjoe kcpotcjosts


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jobn [or C`ceho @cu` cm` Eorzc Cfen` Ospfcmo fc`

rnsplm`n` tl tfn kcjj lg Ecujcmc Cfen` Tczc Bfcm, tfnnklmleok guturn lg Eusjoes wluj` fcvn oeprlvn`

klmso`nrcdjy. Cm` tfn nklmleok klmsnqunmkns lg tfos

prlirnss wluj` fcvn prlvn` dnmngokocj mlt lmjy glr tfn

Eusjoes lg tfn Omòcm sud-klmtomnmt, dut cjsl tfn Eusjoeslg tfn wlrj` wluj` fcvn rncpn` ots dnmngots.

PFOT@ IÔ@N JOMN8

Mlw wn rngnr tl tfn tfor` iuo`n jomn lg EcujcmcCfen` Tczc Bfcm wfokf os, tfn Eusjoes sfluj` mlt

purkfcsn cmy tfomi grle cmy dl`y nxknpt tfn Eusjoes.Flw oeplrtcmt os tfos iuo`n jomn< Cjsl tcbn c stlkb lg

prnsnmt `cy wlrj`s nklmleok lr`nr. Ot os c poty tfct tfn

Eusjoes mnotfnr um`nrstll` tfos ilj`nm rujn, mlr cktnùplm ot. Dut cgtnr tfn [nklm` Ylrj` Ycr, tfn wcr cggnktn`

klumtrons lg Ynstnrm Nurlpn c`lptn` ot cm` ct prnsnmt tfnsn

klumtrons crn elst prlspnrlus om tfn wlrj`.

@uromi [nklm` Irnct Ycr, cs c dly) scw tfn

gljjlwomi klupjnt wrottnm lm tfn sflps lg Eusjoes ctJubfmlw.

OG PFN E^[JOE @N[OTN[ CM FLML^TCDJN

JOGN OM OM@OC, FN [FL^J@ CJYC_[ Q^TKFC[N

NWNT_ CTPOKJN GTLE C E^[JOE Pfos klupjnt snnen` tl dn cm nkfl lg tfn tfor` iuo`n

jomn lg Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm. Pfos klupjnt oeprnssnèn vnry eukf, dut O scw tfn wnjj-tl-`l Eusjoes


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purkfcsomi vcrolus tfomis grle tfn sflps lg Fomùs ct

Jukbmlw. Ct tfct toen tfnrn wnrn nklmleok nxpnrts celmiEusjoes, dut cjj lg tfne tllb tfnor kjun grle tfn wnstnrm

nklmleosts. Pfny wnrn cdsljutnjy um- eom`guj lg tfn gckts

tfct lmn lg tfnor scvcmts wcs tnjjomi tfne cdlut usnguj

nklmleok gckts dut mlmn snrolusjy tfluift cdlut tfn tfor`nklmleok iuo`n jomn2 mlr um`nrstll` ot2 mlr sluift ots

kjcrogokctolm2 og slen Eusjoe nklmleost fc` nxpjcomn` tfn

gcr- rnckfomi klmsnqunmkns lg tfos iuo`n jomns tfn Eusjoes,om Omòc, wluj` mlt fcvn dnnm nklmleokcjjy omgnrolr tl

ltfnr mctolm.

Yfntfnr Omtnrmctolmcj trc`n sfluj` dn grnn lrprltnktn` os cm lj` klmtrlvnrsy. Jncòmi nklmleosts lg

Nurlpn cm` Cenrokc fcvn c`vcmkn` criuenmts glr cm`

cicomst prltnktolm. C`ce [eotf, tfn gctfnr lg Nklmleoks

wcs tfn irnctnst c`vlkctn lg grnn trc`n. Grnn trc`n encmstfct tfnrn crn ml rnstroktolms lm tfn oeplrt cm` nxplrt lg

ill`s cm` snrvokns dntwnnm tfn vcrolus trcòmi klumtrons lr

tfny crn mleomcj, lm tfn ltfnr fcm`, prltnktolm klmsosts omprltnktomi mcsknmt mctolmcj omùstrons cicomst glrnoim

klepntotolm dy tfn Ilvnrmenmt. C`ce [eotfs dllb Cm

Nmquory omtl tfn Yncjtf lg Mctolms wcs pudjosfn` om 3997.Om 39?3 Cjnxcm`nr Fceojtlm, cm Cenrokcm stctnecm,

strlmijy c`vlkctn` tfn pljoky lg prltnktolm cm` lpplsn`

grnn trc`n pljoky. Grn`rokb gost lg Inrecmy icvn klinmtcriuenmt om gcvlur lg prltnktolm. Pfn elst oeplrtcmt

criuenmt c`vcmkn` glr prltnktolm os tfct lg prltnktomi

mcsknmt omùstrons cicomst glrnoim klepntotolm. Om tfn

cdsnmkn lg prltnktolm, tfn mnw omùstrons ecy sukkued tltfn djcst lg glrnoim klepntotolm. Cmltfnr criuenmt os tfct

mctolmcj wncjtf korkujctns om tfn klumtry cm` cuienmts

dusomnss trcmscktolms. O wcmt tl scy slentfomi om tfn joiftlg tfn tfor` iuo`n tomn lg Ecujcmc Cfen` Tczc Bfcm.


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Pfn wcr lg om`npnm`nmkn lg 36>9 put cm nm` tl tfn

Eusjoe Neporn om Omòc cm` tfn Drotosf nmtrnmkfn`tfnesnjvns om Omòc. Dy 3?34, tfn Drotosf Neporn fc`

dnklen vnry strlmi om Omòc. Ml dl`y kluj` tfomb tfct tfn

Drotosf wluj` quot Omòc cgtnr ;> yncrs. Mlw tfn Eusjoe

fc` ml rnioen lg tfnor lwm, dut tfn eusjoe mctolm stojtnxostn` wfl bmnw wfct ot fc` jlst. Pfn Eusjoe jnc`nrs fc`

tl nvljvn suotcdjn pljokons glr tfn slkocj, rnjoiolus cm`

nklmleok rninmnrctolm lg tfn Eusjoe. Pfn Eusjoe jnc`nrswnrn cktovn om nùkctolmcj, pljotokcj cm` slkocj spfnrns, dut

ml dl`y ò` cmytfomi tl rnelvn tfn nklmleok

dckbwcr`mnss cm` plvnrty lg Eusjoe. Ct tfos krotokcjhumkturn Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm prnsnmtn` fos

nklmleok iuo`n jomns, dut umglrtumctnjy tfn Eusjoes ò`

mlt pcy cmy fnn` tl tfne. Pfn nùkctn` Eusjoes wnrnjllbomi tlwcr`s tfn wnst glr iuo`cmkn. Pfny wnrn

ldjovolus lg tfn gckt tfct Cjjcf fc` snmt c ecm om tfnoreo`st dy gljjlwomi wflsn suiinstolms tfn Eusjoes wluj`

fcvn nxtrokctn` tfnesnjvns grle pnmury cm` wluj` fcvnstcrtn` jovomi cm flmlrcdjn nklmleok jogn.

Om ey lpomolm tfn tfor` nklmleok iuo`n jomn os elst

oeplrtcmt. Fn wcmtn` tl iovn nklmleok prltnktolm tl tfnEusjoes. Pfn Fomùs wnrn eukf cfnc` lg tfn Eusjoes om

tfn gonj` lg trc`n cm` dusomnss. Pfn Fomù dcmmocs wcmtn`

tl ecxoeozn tfnor prlgot. Pfn Eusjoe fc` ml dusomnssnxpnronmkn. Og tfn Eusjoes vnmturn` omtl dusomnss, tfn

Fomùs tron` tfnor utelst tl lust tfne grle dusomnss. Mlm-

pctrlmozctolm dy Eusjoes cjsl fcstnmn` tfnor ruom. Ecujcmc

Cfec` Tczc Bfcm bmnw cjj tfnsn trnm`s. Pfn lmjy sljutolmklmsostn` om tfn Eusjoes pctrlmozomi dy Eusjoe trc`nrs

cm` sflp bnnpnrs cm` cjj dusomnss trcmscktolms sfluj` dn

kcrron` celmi tfn Eusjoe omtnrnst. Pfn plsotolm lg tfnEusjoe dusomnssenm cm` sflp bnnpnrs rnsnedjn` tfn

mcsknmt omùstry wfokf os tl dn prltnktn` cicomst rutfjnss

glrnoim klepntotolm. Pfn Eusjoes eust pctrlmozn tfn


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Eusjoe sflp-bnnpnrs wfl wcmtn` tl prlspnr om tfn

dusomnss gonj`.

Yfct wluj` fcvn dnnm tfn jobnjy nklmleok rnsujtsog tfn Omòcm Eusjoes fc` cktn` lm tfn suiinstolms lg

Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm< Pfn elmny lg Eusjoeswluj` fcvn ilmn tl tfn Eusjoe sflp-bnnpnrs wfl wluj`fcvn ec`n elrn purkfcsns grle tfn Eusjoe wfljnscjnrs.

Pfn Eusjoe wfljnscjnrs wluj` fcvn purkfcsn` elrn

ill`s grle tfn Eusjoe ecmugckturnrs wfl wluj` fcvnprlùkn` elrn tl klpn wotf tfn omkrncsn` `necm`.

Nklmleok rnslurkns jobn jcm`, jcdlur cm` kcpotcj crn

rnquorn` tl prlùkn elrn gll`s. Omkrncsn` prlùktolmwluj` dn prlvo`n` tl tfn umnepjlyn` Eusjoe jcdlur. Yotf

cm omkrncsn om tfnor omklens, tfnor nggnktovn `necm` wluj`

fcvn omkrncsn`. Pfos wluj` fcvn drluift tfn sporcj lg

prlspnroty glr tfn Eusjoe. Pfn qunstolm crosns wfnrn tfnEusjoe omùstrocjosts kluj` int tfn kcpotcj grle. Pfn

cmswnr tl tfos qunstolm os fo``nm om tfn gorst twl iuo`n jomns

lg Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm2 tfct tfn Eusjoes sfluj`scvn cm` tfn wncjtfy Eusjoes sfluj` nstcdjosf dcmbs

wfokf prlvo`n gum`s glr prlùktovn prlhnkts.

Nggnktovn `necm` pjcys c votcj rljn om tfn Bymnsocmtfnlry lg Nepjlyenmt, Omtnrnst cm` Elmny. Cm` tfn o`nc

lg nggnktovn `necm` os kjncrjy prnsnmt om tfn tfor` iuo`njomn

lg Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm. Dut nmtorn krnòt ilns tl

Bymns. Yn prcosn Ynstnrm nklmleosts wfojn quotnldjovolus crn tfn suiinstolms lg lur neomnmt scvcmt. Ot os

elst `npjlrcdjn.

Mlw jnt us snn flw gcr tfn Ynstnrm Ylrj` fcs cktnùplm tfos iuo`n jomn lg tfn irnct Ecujcmc cgtnr tfn [nklm`

Irnct Ycr. Pfn klumtrons lg Ynstnrm Nurlpn jobn Inrecmy,

Grcmkn cm` Otcjy wnrn klepjntnjy ruomn` ùn tl tfn Ycr.Inrecmy cm` Otcjy wnrn klepjntnjy `nstrlyn`.


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Cgtnr tfn Ycr, Inrecmy wcs òvo`n` omtl Ynstrnm

Inrecmy cm` tfn Kleeumost (Ncstnrm) Inrecmy. . [oeojcrwcs tfn pjoift lg Otcjy cm` Grcmkn. . Dut Ynstrnm Inrecmy

sllm oeprlvn` ots klmòtolm dy iovomi gorst prolroty tl

nklmleok rnklmstruktolm cm` `nvnjlpenmt.

Nurlpncm Kleelm Ecrbnt wcs glren` dntwnnm tfnklumtrons lg Ynstrnm Nurlpn cs c rnsujt lg Tlen Prncty

dnkcusn Ynst Inrecmy kluj` mlt rnfcdojotctn ots nklmley

somijn fcm`n`. Ot wcs tfn toen wfnm tfn ^[C wcs`leomctomi tfn wlrj` pljotoks cm` tfn @ljjcr wcs umrovcjjn`

cs tfn wlrj` kurrnmky.

Pfn o`nc um`nrjyomi tfn glrectolm lg tfn NurlpncmKleelm Ecrbnt wcs tfn scen cs fomtn` dy tfn Irnct

Ecujcmc om fos tfor` iuo`n jomn o.n. tfn Eusjoes sfluj` mlt

purkfcsn cmytfomi grle cmy dl`y nxknpt tfn Eusjoes.Ckklròmi tl tfn Tlen Cirnnenmt, tfn enednr klumtrons

wluj` prlùkn tflsn crtokjns om wfokf tfny nmhly

klepcrctovn c`vcmtcin lvnr ltfnr klumtrons. Pfn enednr

klumtrons wluj` `nne tfnesnjvns tl dn c umot. Pfn trc`ndntwnnm tfn enednr klumtrons wluj` dn grnn cm`

umrnstroktn`. Pfnrn wojj dn ml rnstroktolm lm tfn eldojoty lg

tfn gcktlrs lg prlùktolm. Oeplrts wojj dn fncvojy tcxn`nxplrt wojj dn nmklurcin` tl tfn utelst. Pflsn

kleelòtons wfokf tfn enednr klumtrons kcm prlùkn wojj

mlt dn oeplrtn` grle cdrlc`. Dusomnss trcmscktolms wluj`

dn elstjy celmist tfn enednr klumtrons.

Ct tfn omknptolm lg tfn N.K.E nvnm tfn enednrswnrn mlt surn lg ots sukknss. Dut wotf tfn jcpsn lg toen tfos

omstotutolm djlsslen` omtl c vnry plwnrguj nklmleokomstotutolm. Pfn nklmley lg tfn enednrs wcs nstcdjosfn`

lm vnry sljo` irlum`s. Pfn gomcmkocj plsotolm lg enednrs

dnkcen vnry strlmi. Yn scw tfct tfn plsotolm lg tfnCenrokcm @ljjcr om wlrj` ecrbnt dnkcen jnss oeplrtcmt


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4;

cm` Inrecm dnkcen tfn fcr`nst kurrnmky lg tfn wlrj`.

Pfn pfnmlenmcj sukknss lg tfn Nurlpncm Kleelm Ecrbnticvn dortf tl c mnw drcmkf lg nklmleoks wfokf os kcjjn` tfn

tfnlry lg nklmleok omtnirctolm. Eukf fcs dnnm cm` os dnomi

wrottnm cdlut ot.

Dnomi oeprnssn` wotf tfn spjnmò` sukknss lg tfnN.K.E. tnm klumtrons glren` tfn Nurlpncm Grnn Prc`n Crnc

(N. G. P. C.) dut ot kluj` mlt dn cs sukknssguj. Pfn

cirnnenmt dntwnnm Orcm, Purbny cm` Qcbostcm wcs lm tfnscen jomns dut ot kluj` mlt dn sukknssguj. C klmgnrnmkn lg

tfn tfrnn enednr klumtrons wcs fnj` lm Cproj, 47, 3?97 om

jzennr, Purbny tl ecbn T.K.@. c sukknss, dut sl gcr mlplsotovn rnsujts fcvn kcen tl tfn surgckn. Og tfn tfrnn

klumtrons try tl rnvovn tfos omstotutolm, ot kcm dn sukknssguj

tl tfn dnmngot lg tfn enednr klumtrons.

Pfn up sfllt lg tfos òskussolm os tfct og tfnEusjoes fc` cktn` somknrnjy lm tfn suiinstolms lg Ecujcmc

Cfec` Tczc Bfcm, tfny wluj` knrtcomjy fcvn tfn scen

sukknss cs cttcomn` dy N. K. E. Lmn lg lur irnct [cvcmtsfc` joiftn` tfn tlrkf lg nklmleok prlirnss. Yn fc` tl gom`

lut tfn pctf lg prlirnss om tfct joift, dut umglrtumctnjy

omstnc` lg gljjlwomi tfn wcy sflwm dy tfn Ecujcmc, wnklepjntnjy oimlrn` foe. Yn kcm cskrodn lur gcojurn tl

gljjlw tfn pctf sflwm dy tfn irnct Ecujcmc tl lur

eosglrtumn lr jckb lg gcr-soiftn`mnss. Lr tfn mctolmcj

jnc`nrs dnkcen sl eukf nmirlssn` wotf slkocj, nùkctolmcjcm` pljotokcj rnglres tfct tfny ò` mlt iovn rnquosotn

cttnmtolm tl tfn nklmleok rnfcdojotctolm lg tfn Eusjoes

wfokf os rncjjy cstlmosfomi cm` rnirnttcdjn, cjtfluif om3?34 Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm fc` sflwm tfn dncklm

joift glr tfn nklmleok dnttnrenmt lg tfn Eusjoe

kleeumoty.

Glurtf Iuo`n Jomn8


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Pfn glurtf iuo`n jomn lg tfn Ecujcmc Cfec` Tczc Bfcm osrr0 klmknrmn` wotf nklmleok rnglre, dut ots oeplrtcmkn os

irnct om otsnjg. fn sco`, Yn sfluj` plpujcrozn Osjceokjncrmomi cm` sprnc` ot celmi tfn Eusjoes (3)

Pfos wcs tfn pnrol` wfnm tfn nùkctolmcj rnglres lg [or

[yn` Cfec` Bfcm wnrn omgjunmkomi tfn Eusjoes wfl wnrntryomi tl oedodn Ynstnrm jncrmomi. Pfn ckquosotolm lg tfn

Nmijosf Nùkctolm wcs c ill` tfomi om otsnjg. Lur Fljy

Qrlpfnt ( ) fcs nepfcsozn` tfn ckquosotolm lgbmlwjnìn dy tfn Eusjoes. Dut tfn tfom tfct wcs fcreguj

cm` wfokf tfn Ecujcmc fc` gnjt ct tfct vnry ton wcs tfct tfn

ylumi inmnrctolm wcs dnkleomi cttrcktn` tl tfn Ynstnrm

kujturn cjlmi wotf Nmijosf nùkctolm wfokf wcs foifjycdleomcdjn cm` ldhnktolmcdjn. Pfn Ecujcmc fc` rncjozn`

tfct og tfn Eusjoes icvn up rnjoiolus nùkctolm, tfny wluj`jlsn tfnor Osjceok o`nmtoty cm` omòvoùcjoty. Pfn mnwkovojozctolm wojj wrnkb tfnor umoty. Pfnor klmòtolm wojj

rnsnedjn tfn gljjlwomi klupjnt.

Pfny kluj` mnotfnr gom` Il`, mlr tfn klepcmy lg tfnor

dnjlvn`. Pfny wnrn jngt uttnrjy òsirumtjn`.

Cbdcr Cjjcfcdcò fc` gnjt tfos trnm`. Fn cèlmosfn` tfn

Eusjoes tfrluif fos plntry tfct tfny sfluj` mlt glrint tfnorrncj plsotolm. _lur elst prnkolus trncsurn os ylur rnjoiolm

cm` kujturn. Dut tfn omtlxokctolm lg rnglre wcs sl `nnp tfct

tfn Eusjoes ò` mlt pcy cmy fnn` tl tfos krukocj prldjne.Cbdcr Cjjcfcdcò sco` om fos klupjnts Yfnm [yn` ent tfn

pnlpjn wotf tfn Icznttn, fn kljjnktn` jcks lg rupnns, tfn


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[fcobf sflwn` tfn Surcm, dut fn kluj` mlt int c somijn

pcosc Cm` tfct8

Pfn nmneons fcvn jlìn` c rnplrt om tfn Qljokn [tctolmtfct Cbdcr tcbns tfn mcen lg Il` om tfos nplkf.

Pfn wnstnrm kovojozctolm eosiuo`n` tfn ylumi enm slprlglum`jy, tfct tfny stcrn` grle tfnor rnjoiolm cm` slkonty

cm` tfn Nmijosf sukknn`n` om tfnor mngcrolus `nsoim.

Pfn cjonmctolm grle rnjoiolm pcjpcdjy hnlpcròsn`tfn snpcrctn o`nmtoty lg tfn Omòcm Eusjoes. Dut wfnm

Suco`-n-Czce wcmtn` tl umotn tfn Eusjoes lm lmn

pjctglre om tfn mcen lg Osjce, tfny ictfnrn` jobn eltfscrlum` foe. Osjceok tfombomi cm` cggomoty wcs omircomn` om

tfn Eusjoes wfokf kujeomctn` om tfn pcrtotolm lg Omòc.

Pfn Eusjoes ilt c mnw klumtry wfokf kcen omtl

nxostnmkn dnkcusn lg tfn gckt tfct tfn Eusjoes wnrn c

snpcrctn mctolm. Pfnor rnjoiolm, kujturn cm` kustles crnquotn òggnrnmt grle tflsn lg tfn Fomùs. Ot os c poty tfct c

snpcrctn stctn wcs ckquorn` om tfn mcen lg Osjce, dut tflsnct tfn fnje lg cggcors ò` mlt ecbn cmy ngglrt tl omtrlùkn

Osjce ooo Qcbostcm om tfn rncj snmsn. Ot wcs oepnrctovn tl

trcmsglre Qcbostcm omtl c trujy Osjceok stctn. Osjceok

nùkctolm sfluj` fcvn dnnm oepcrtn` tl tfn ylumi


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inmnrctolm. Pfny sfluj` fcvn dnnm tlj` wfy tfn Eusjoes

lg Omòc fc` struiijn` glr Qcbostcm cm` wfy irnct sckrogoknslg jogn cm` prlpnrty wnrn iovnm. Dut umglrtumctnjy cttnmtolm

wcs òvnrtn` grle tfos ossun. Pfn rckn glr pljotokcj plwnr

stcrtn`. Pfn glum`ctolms lg Qcbostcm fc` mlt ynt dnklen

strlmi tfct tfn klumtry dnkcen c prny tl pljotokcj tureloj.Pfn mnijnkt lg rnjoiolm prlvn` tl dn foifjy fcreguj. Yn

o`nmtogon` lursnjvns wotf prlvomkns, glrinttomi tfct wn crn

soepjy Eusjoes Gorst cm` Jcst.

Pfn dcsok rncslm dnfom` tfct kcjceotons tfct dngnjj

lur klumtry wcs lur mnijnkt lg rnjoiolm. Og Osjceoknùkctolm wcs strnssn` roift grle tfn dniommomi, wn wluj`

mlt fcvn wotmnssn` tfnsn leomlus `cys. Pl `cy, ot os elst

nssnmtocj tl dromi tfn strcyn` mnw Eusjoe inmnrctolm dckbtl Osjce dy encms lg Osjceok nùkctolm, Osjceok kujturn cm`

fostlry. Og ngglrts om tfos dnfcjg crn omotoctn` om tfn roiftncrmnst, ot os j.bnjy tfct mnw inmnrctolm ecy rnicom ots

Osjceok o`nmtoty. Ckklròmi tl Cjjcec @r. Elfceec`jqdcj8

Pfos sloj os vnry gnrtojn, og ot os sjoiftjy wnt.

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