Economic Determinants.pdf

8/14/2019 Economic Determinants.pdf

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Economic Determinants

Prof. Buenalyn Teresita Ramos-Mortel


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Economics

Process of provisioning a societywith the goods and services itrequires to meet the needs ofmembers of society

Susser, Watson and Hopper


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Economics

How men and society utilize scarceor limited productive resources toproduce various commodities anddistribute them to various membersto society for their consumption

Samuelson


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Political Economy

Social and institutional processesthrough which certain groups ofeconomic and political elites chooseto allocate scarce productiveresources now and in the future fortheir own benefits or that of the

larger population


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Socio-economics

Income, wealth, poverty, and healthare strongly related people whoare poor tend to have worse healthoutcomes than people who are rich

As population wealth increases, so

the health status of the populationrapidly improves


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Socio-economics

Describe those factors that affect apersons ability to act as a freeagent, and to engage with andinfluence the society around them

Income, wealth, level of education,

and social influence


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Macro-economic Issues


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Micro-economic Issues


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Culture of poverty

Oscar Lewis, 1959

The poor use preventive services

less often and they are lessknowledgeable about appropriatehealth behavior because theypossess a culture which does not

place a high value on health


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Socio-structural view

The poor have undergone multiplenegative experiences withorganizational systems, leading toavoidance behavior, lack of trust,and therefore avoid seekingprofessional care and only follow

medical regimen in emergencysituation


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Scenarios for the Future and Socialand Cultural Development


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Health Conditions

Health conditions are directlytraceable to certain specific factors

Availability of nutritious food and safewater

Sanitation

Environmental and medical practices

Access to affordable and effectivemedicines


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Health Conditions

Health conditions are influenced bybroader socio-economic andinstitutional circumstances whichensure (or curtail), for example, thesupply of good food, water, and air,the affordability of medicine and the

accessibility of health services


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Broader socio-economic and

institutional circumstances

Self-sufficiency in agriculture canhelp meet nutrition needs

Literacy can help improve sanitationand environmental quality

Peace and order would meangreater mental and physical security

and would facilitate delivery ofhealth services


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Low literacy can mean ignoranceabout and lack of access to healthservices

Environmental decay can reduce theincome of vulnerable groups, andhence access to services

Industrial and technologicaladvances can bring alongoccupational stresses and health

hazards


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Capitalist ethos of relentless profit-maximizing tolerates aggressiveadvertisement of cigarettes,alcoholic drinks and junk foodaimed at young people


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Measures that should be

immediately taken

Implement the Health InsuranceLaw enacted in 1995; persuade SSSto give its share of funds

Increase the capabilities of localgovernment units in health

management, resource mobilizationand investment in health


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immediately taken

Redefine the role of the DOH in thecontext of changing modes of healthservice provision and delivery dueto devolution and privatization


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taken beyond the first decade

Introduce changes in the medicaleducation in line with changes inthe mix of preventive-curativeservices

Increase peoples awareness of howlifestyles can affect health and how

they can articulate their demandsfor health


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Health policies should

Mobilize and empower the massestoward self-reliant and self-sustaining management of theirhealth problems

Support and develop community-

based and managed health careapproaches


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Encourage optimum and propermobilization and use of healthresources at all levels, incl

indigenous community resources

Support the strategic distributionand use of appropriate medical careand information technology toimprove health services


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Ensure and strengthencommitment, participation, andcollaboration among government,NGOs and communities in healthand overall development efforts


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STYLIZED FACTS LINKINGECONOMIC GROWTH AND

URBANIZATION WITH HEALTH

OUTCOMES


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Income, Urbanization, and

Urban Health

Population and economic growth willbe urban-centered

More of the poor will be living in thecities

Urban poverty begets slums


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Urban Health

Poverty and slums equal greaterhealth inequity

Rising incomes can directly improvehealth status and lessen healthinequity by financing provision of

public goods


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Urban Health

Capital (physical and human) andTFP (total factor productivity) drivegrowth in industrializing countries

Income inequality follows in thewake of GDP growth


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Urban Health

Income inequality does not impacton health conditions

Clean water and sanitation makehealthy cities


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Consider this.

Relying mainly on the heavyartillery of expensive and oftenineffectual curative medicine maynot be a cost-effective approach


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Consider this.

The pay-off from these four areasinfrastructure, primary health care,education, and urban and transportdesignin terms of healthoutcomes would completely dwarfthe returns from new drugs and

curative hospital-based medicine Yusuf, Nabeshima, Ha, 2007

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Economic Determinants.pdf