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Ecology and Health
LaboratoryDepartment of Public
HealthUniversity of Otago
Wellington
Kapiti Expressway hearing
Mosquitoes around Waikanae
… some field data & health concerns
Dr M.McIntyre
Trapping:
• CDC (USA) surveillance std
• residential + peri-urban bush remnants + nearby paddocks
• ~ 2-wk intervals Oct-Apr
Total sampling effort
• 998 trap.nights• >18 000 mosquitoes
Total mosquitoes Oct.-Apr
location 02-03 03-04
_____________________
Karori 52 47
Belmont 10 37
Waikanae 763 17 251
_____________________
(Snell A. PhD thesis 2006 UOW)
0
50
100
150
200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
tota
l m
osq
uit
oes 2002-2003
2003-2004
Australian surveillance scale (Doggett et al 2001)
Category no./trap.night
Low <50
Moderate 50-100
High 101-1000
Very high >1000
Extreme 10 000
Waikanae (12 sites, 338 trap.nights)
Oct April
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150
5000
2002-03
2003-04
date
tota
l mo
sq
uit
oe
s
1 Oct. Month 3 Apr
Max. 5728
14
18
22
26
ma
x. t
em
p. o
C
Weather Ppm airport (Data NIWA)
0
100
200
300
400
Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
rain
fall
-mm
02-03 03-04
4 Feb
.04
19-F
eb
3-M
ar
16-M
ar
30-M
ar0
2000
4000
6000
Ae ant
Ae not
Cx pvg
tota
l - 1
2 t
rap
s
Species breakdown
Introduced
Aedes notoscriptus - “the striped mosquito”
Culex quinquefasciatus - ‘Southern house’ mosquito (USA)
Native
Cx pervigilans – “vigilant mosquito”
Ae antipodeus – bush mosquito, “the ‘singer”
Coquellitidia iracunda – “the angry, mosquito”
Cq tenuipalpus – rare, little known
Maorigoeldia agyropus – probably extinct in area (Snell, Derraik, McIntyre 2005)
Vector ability of some native spp tested in US lab for MAF Biosecurity (Kramer et al 2010)
A bad disease record overseas!
(Photo: Landcare Res)
Concerns
• standing water will extends breeding habitat
• planted wetlands + vegetation corridors + open water surface creates humidity corridors which facilitate adult dispersal
• exacerbation of seasonal biting nuisance
• adjacent homeowners - especially where low-lying
• irruption in favourable seasonal/weather conditions (flooding; ?drought)
• avian malaria in native birds
• future climate change & arbovirus threat
Measures
• construction & planting of ponds
• ecological function
• pre-construction survey to establish baseline & best monitoring sites (seasonal timing important)
• construction period contingencies
• post-construction surveys
• development of contingencies
Warmer spring-autumn conditions will increase …
• mosquito breeding
• build up of virus – in mosquitoes (& wildlife – birds/possums)
• range & seasonal expansion of anthropophilic mosquitoes
• outdoor lifestyles / human exposures
• flooding/ drought episodes
MfE predict +2.1- 2.2oC 1990-2090
… thank-you