ECOLOGYRelationships ProjectCompleted by Carragh K

BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITY

The populations of plants, animals, and microorganisms (therefore all organisms) living and interacting in a certain area at a given time.

E.g. A rainforest Canopy

http://www.christiananswers.net/kids/animals6.jpg

INTRA SPECIFIC COMPETITION

Competition for resources in their habitat and environment, (such as nutrients, water etc) among members of the same species.

One example is two kauri trees close to each other will compete for light, rainfall and soil nutrients.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Two_Kauri_Trees.jpg

INTRA SPECIFIC COOPERATION

When organisms work together to increase their chances of survival.

For example elephants, zebras, and giraffes group in a herd with others of their kind to protect each other and themselves.

http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/imagefolder/giraffe.jpg

INTER-SPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS-Interactions between organisms of different species-

COMPETITION

Conflicting or overlapping needs for resources, between organisms which coexist in the same environment.

For example lions and cheetahs preying on gazelles.

http://www.2goglobal.com/2GoChronicals/2%20Go%20Photos/Africa/Kenya/cheetah_4.jpg

BROWSING/GRAZING

Feeding on another organism, but not to excess, therefore the organism fed on still lives.

Sheep grazing on grass.http://catskill-merino.com/images/gallery/w500/119922517076.15.17.74.jpg

PREDATION AND SCAVENGING

When a larger organism kills and eats a smaller organism.

E.g. Orca whales and fur seals

http://images.google.co.nz/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tuxxie.org/pics/predators-seal-crested.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tuxxie.org/predators/mammals.html&h=386&w=480&sz=35&hl=en&start=34&tbnid=MCVxwE-DItIttM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dorca%2Bwhale%2Battacking%2Bpenguin%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

Organisms that feed on dead animals. These carnivores wait until their prey is dead.

One example is the vulture.

http://www.natureclubsurat.org/images/vulture1.jpg

COMMENSALISM

Relationship between two different species which is beneficial for one organism and of neutral impact to the other.

E.g. “Cattle egrets follow cattle to feed on the insects stirred up by the grazing cattle.” http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio303/interspecific.htm

http://www.smh.com.au/ffximage/2006/07/26/cattle26706_wideweb__470x313,0.jpg

MUTUALISM (SYMBIOSIS)

A relationship between two species where both of the species find the relationship beneficial.

E.g. Flowers and bees.http://i.pbase.com/o4/38/291438/1/66676368.R63RAV8T.Flowerandbee.jpg

PARASITISM

Ectoparasites A parasite that lives

on the outside of a host.

Some examples are fleas, lice and ticks.

http://www.micropest.com/photos/body-lice-louse.jpg

Endoparasites Parasites that live

and feed within the hosts body.

For example a pin worm lives inside an animals intestines.

http://www.southtexascollege.edu/modeh/EUKARYOTES_files/image029.jpg

SAPROPHYTISM

An organism which feeds on dead or decaying organic plant/animal matter.

For example many fungi are saprophytes.http://dazed.org/npa/npj/200206/fungi%20pic1.jpg

ANTIBIOSIS

A biological interaction between two organisms which damages one or both of the organisms; or an organism and an substance produced by another.

E.g. Human beings and disease causing germs.

http://hale.nrsd.net/images/hand_germs.jpg