Ecology 5 - Water Pollution Conservation Biodiversity

7/28/2019 Ecology 5 - Water Pollution Conservation Biodiversity

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Water pollution

Conservation &Biodiversity


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Water Pollution

Use of Microbes in Sewage

Coastal and Mangrove Swamps Biodiversity

Conservation


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The contamination of water bodies by

humans.

Can be deliberate or accidental.


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Sewage and litter contamination.

Human sewage is sometimes emptied into

rivers/seas untreated.

Industrial waste, which are toxic, has been

dumped into waters as well.


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Ganges River, India.


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Sewage and waste dumping in United States.


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Mercury dumping in Minamata Bay, Japan. The toxic material was absorbed by fishes and

shellfishes (bio-magnification).

Local people who ate the fishes sufferedmercury poisoning paralysis and death.

Foetuses were affected too born with

deformed limbs.


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Bio-magnification is the processwhereby there is a progressive

increase in the concentration of

a substance as it moves up the

trophic levels.

Example, mercury is easily

absorbed but slowly excreted.

Accumulates in algae

zooplankton fish larger

fishes.


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Accidents and spillage have led to water

pollution.


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Oil spills.


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Acid rain which contaminates the waters canbe harmful to organisms living in it.


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Water pollution has severe impacts on the

ecosystem.

Marine life gets affected directly (fish

poisoned, turtles choking on plastic rubbish)

or indirectly (eutrophication).

Drinking water becames non-potable and sea

food becomes non-edible.

Spread of diseases such as cholera and

typhoid.


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Eutrophication happens when water bodies

get more nutrients than usual (due to sewage

or fertilisers from agricultural run-offs).

This causes the increased growth of algae and

weeds.

When they die and decompose, the amount

of oxygen is reduced.

This suffocates the organisms living in the

water.


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One way to reduce water pollution is to

ensure our sewage gets cleaned before

allowing to flow into open waters.

Singapore treats its used water from home

and industries before releasing it into open

waters or water reclamation plants (Newater).


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Oil spills.


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Aeration tanks

Microorganisms are mixed with water after

bulky solid waste has been removed earlier.

They decompose any organic pollutants.

Takes place in the presence of oxygen.

Cleansed water is released. Excess microorganisms form a think heavy

layer of sludge.


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Digestion tanks

Sludge needs to be treated.

Microorganisms are mixed here in the absenceof oxygen.

They decompose the sludge and produce

biogas (mainly methane) as a by product.

Fuel is used to power the treatment plan.


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http://www.pub.gov.sg/general/Pages/Standa

rdSpecifications.aspx
http://www.pub.gov.sg/general/Pages/StandardSpecifications.aspxhttp://www.pub.gov.sg/general/Pages/StandardSpecifications.aspxhttp://www.pub.gov.sg/general/Pages/StandardSpecifications.aspxhttp://www.pub.gov.sg/general/Pages/StandardSpecifications.aspx


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Clean potable water is important to humans

survival especially since only 3% of earths

water is freshwater.

However, most are frozen in glaciers and

underground.

Due to scarcity, many believe water will cost

more than crude oil in 25-50 years time.


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We can all play our part to keep waters clean.

In 1977, then PM Lee Kuan Yew decided to

clean our Singapore River.


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Area directly adjacent to the sea or ocean.

Exposed to the high and low tides and

extreme temperatures which make conditions

harsh.


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Chek Jawa, Singapore.


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Located off Pulau Ubin, Chek Jawa contains

several different ecosystems.

Amongst them are rocky shores and sandy

shores.

Huge diversity of different organisms.

Many species are no longer commonly found

in Singapore.


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Top shells

Barnacle

Mussels

Sea slug


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Originally was to be reclaimed by the governmentin 2001.

Many people including the Nature Society,

researchers from NUS and nature lovers startedpetitioning for it to be preserved.

The public got interested and many peoplestarted visiting the place.

Countless letters and consultations later, thegovernment decided to defer reclamation,especially after the minster Mah Bow Tan went toview Chek Jawa himself.


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Conservation is a concerted effort and

everyone can play a part.

Today, Chek Jawa is a popular nature spot with

regular guided tours and trails.


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Muddy shores of sheltered coasts and river

estuaries (places where rivers meet the sea).

High tides and low tides bring fluctuating

salinity in the water and soft muddy soil.

Water-logged conditions make oxygen level in

the soil very low.


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Sungei Buloh, Singapore.


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Located near Kranji Resevoir, one of few

mangrove areas left in Singapore.

Huge biodiversity in flora and fauna.


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Nipah (Attap Chee)Mangrove

Sea HibuscusWater Lily Sacred Lotus


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Mudskipper

Monitor Lizard

Mud Lobster

Herons


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Importance:

Extensive root systems reduce soil erosion and

prevent flooding.

Areas badly affected by the 2004 Asian

Tsunami had degraded mangrove ecosytems.

http://news.mongabay.com/2005/1118-

wwf.html

Rich source of biodiversity and rare species.

Source of food and raw materials.
http://news.mongabay.com/2005/1118-wwf.htmlhttp://news.mongabay.com/2005/1118-wwf.htmlhttp://news.mongabay.com/2005/1118-wwf.htmlhttp://news.mongabay.com/2005/1118-wwf.htmlhttp://news.mongabay.com/2005/1118-wwf.html


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Importance:

Nutrient discharge from mangrove provides

food for marine life.

Place for spawning for fishes and prawns.

Stopover site for migratory birds during the

winter such as waders.


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Many destroyed during reclamation works.

Fast disappearing from the tropics especially

South East Asia.


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Much needs to be done to save them.

Awareness of their importance to the

bioshpere and our lives is a good start.

You can do your part, go find out more!


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http://www.oceansatlas.org/unatlas/projectmanager/atlas_cd/cds_static/homes_sewage__19219_all_1.html

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Ecology 5 - Water Pollution Conservation Biodiversity