"Ecological Footprint"Sustainability

Net Primary Productivity 20 – 31% 60% of freshwater runoff

Anthropocene era

Influence of Humans on Terrestrial Systems

≅ 83%

Impact in Different Countries

Overharvest

Exploitation and Potential

Over-exploitation:Fisheries as an Example

Habitat Loss

Worldwide Human Footprint

Environmental Trends

Benefits and Costs of "Subduing the Earth"

Reasons for Hope?

Kuznets Curve

Demographic Transition

r = b - d

The Religious, Philosophical and Ethical Underpinnings of the

Conservation Biology Movement

Conservation biology is a "value-laden" science.

The Utility of Nature:Anthropocentrism vs. Intrinsic Value

Utilitarian or instrumental values vs.

Intrinsic or Inherent values

Anthropocentric vs. Bio- or Eco-centric?

Instrumental Arguments for Biodiversity

Monetizing Biodiversity

What is monetization?

What are monetized cost/benefit analyses?• What are the advantages and problems with cost/benefit analyses?

BiocentrismWhat weaknesses in other motivations for conservation does biocentrism attempt to address?

What is sentience?

Ecocentrism and the Evolutionary-Ecological Land

EthicBased on the idea that natural systems should be preserved as completely as possible simply out of respect for natural systems.

A central belief is that the proper function of natural biological systems requires all components normally found there in the proper proportions.

“to keep every cog and wheel is he first principle of intelligent tinkering”. Aldo Leopold

Norton's Convergence Hypothesis

Is anthropocentric good enough? Does intrinsic divide when both or just anthropocentric are/is sufficient to conserve biodiversity?

The Conflict Between Instrumental and Intrinsic

Valuation -- An Answer to Norton