EcoInformatics Tech. Meeting, 18.Jan.06 “Environment and Health Information Systems; Closing gaps" …to reduce the disease burden caused by environmental

EcoInformatics Tech. Meeting, 18.Jan.06

“Environment and Health Information Systems; Closing gaps"

…to reduce the disease burden caused by environmental factors in the EU and to identify and prevent new health threats caused by

environmental factors.

Andreas N. Skouloudis(Peter Pärt and David Rickerby)

Institute for Environment & Sustainability, DG-JRC

18 January 2006 Emails: [email protected]


Inter-comparison Benchmark for Indicators Implementation and Assessment of Representativeness

• Time horizon of the Inter-comparison 9-12 months• Participants to share data for implementing their own indicators

Answer questions: • Concerning access to historical data, • Efficiency of geographical representativeness, • Accuracy (without auto-cancelling),• Reporting needs and • Uncertainty of indicator methodologies for short term decisions or

policies.


Information Systems focusing on ..

Convetional Environmentally Derived Problems • Air• Noise• Water• Indoor Air• Food• Radiation• Melanoma and UV exposure

Areas where Health Derived Worries Exist• Chemicals and Pesticides• Transport accidents• Natural disasters


Urbanisation

Domain Population

(million inhabitants)

Max Population Density (inhabitants/km2)

Istanbul 11.000 40523 Paris

Greater Met. Area 2.147 11.174

23125

London Greater Met. Area

7.172 13.945

7982

Athens 3.762 30207

Population Data Turkey France UK Greece Population Growth Rate (%) 1.09 0.37 0.28 0.19 Urbanisation (%)

1975 2001 2015

41.6 66.0 71.8

73.0 76.0 78.4

88.7 90.0 90.8

55.3 60.0 65.1

Pop. Living in Urban Areas (%) 2003

66.0

76.0

89.0

61.0


Population Density in EU Mega-cities


NOx Emissions over Istanbul

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

NO

x E

mis

sio

ns

Mg

/ye

ar

1980 1990 1996 1998 2000 2002 2020p

SES-1 SES-2 SES-3 SES-4 SES-5 SES-6SES-7 SES-8 SES-9 SES-10 SES-11

1-Energy & Transformation Ind., 2-Non-Ind. Combustion plants, 3-Manufacture Ind, 4-Production Processes, 5-Fossil Fuel Extr, 6-Solvent use, 7-Road Transport, 8-Other Mobile Sources, 9-Waste treatment, 10-Agriculture, 11-Other Sources & Sinks.


SOx Emissions over Istanbul


0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

SO

x E

mis

sio

ns

Mg

/ye

ar

1980 1990 1996 1998 2000 2002 2020p



CO Emissions over Istanbul


0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

CO

Em

iss

ion

s M

g/y

ea

r

1980 1990 1996 1998 2000 2002 2020p



Comparisons with National Levels

Emission/AQ Data Turkey France UK Greece NOx emissions per capita, 14.1 22.7 26.3 29.8 NOx emissions per populated area 0.33 0.99 2.76 0.47 NOx Change 1990-early 2000s (%) 48 -29 -43 11 SOx emissions per capita 31.3 9.0 16.6 47.7 SOx emissions per populated area 0.65 1.09 5.37 1.83 SOx Change 1990-early 2000s (%) 33 -60 -73 4 Urban NO2 concentration (1995) 9.45 56.61 64.47 64 Urban SO2 concentration (1995) 87.02 13.89 21.96 34


Impact on Human Health

0

100

200

300

400

500

600N

AP

OL

I

RO

MA

MIL

AN

O

TO

RIN

O

BO

LO

GN

A

VE

RO

NA

PA

LE

RM

O

GE

NO

VA

CA

TA

NIA

RA

VE

NN

A

FIR

EN

CE

TA

RA

NT

O

ME

ST

RE

-V

EN

EZ

IA

PIS

A

TR

IES

TE

0

1

2

3

4

5

6% Deaths Attr. to NO2

Total Deaths


Estimated Health Effects over Istanbul

• Taking in consideration the concentrations reported from the monitoring network and campaigns

• and although NO2 is often correlated with levels of other ambient pollutants emitted by the same sources or related through complex atmospheric reactions, NO2 is a surrogate for other traffic related pollutants such as organic and elemental carbon or freshly emitted primary ultra-fine particles

• Based on these the expect at least 4600 deaths which could be attributed to atmospheric pollution due to NO2


Diversities in EU and … issues raised

Mortality cases due to cardiac arrest

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Poland

Germ

any

Nether

lands

Croat

ia

Denm

ark

Czech

Rep

ublic

Sweden

Slova

kia

Austria

Lithuan

ia

Slove

nia

Norway

Hungary

United K

ingdom

Spain

Estonia

Luxem

bourg

Latvi

a

Finla

ndM

alta

Mold

ovaRespiratory disease deaths per 100000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Irel

and

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Icel

and

Slo

vaki

aP

ortu

gal

Den

mar

kN

orw

ayB

elgi

umN

ethe

rlan

ds

Spa

inFi

nlan

dLu

xem

bour

gS

wed

enH

unga

ryFr

ance

Ger

man

yP

olan

d

Italy

Gre

ece

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

1996 Data

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Ita

ly

Net

he

rlan

ds

Irel

and

FY

RO

M

Bel

giu

m

Slo

ven

ia

Gre

ece

Un

ite

d_K

ing

do

m

Sw

itze

rlan

d

Sp

ain

Slo

vak

ia

Bel

aru

s

Cro

atia

Fra

nc

e

Hu

ng

ary

Au

stri

a

Po

rtu

ga

l

Den

mar

k

Ger

ma

ny

Ro

ma

nia

Mo

ldo

va

Cze

ch_

Re

pu

bli

c

Bu

lga

ria

No

rwa

y

Bo

snia

_&_

He

rzeg

ovi

na


The Hide and Seek Questions on Scale


Population Density


Similar Areas


Population Health 1/2

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Years

Dea

ths

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

De

ath

s /

10

00

in

ha

bit

an

ts

Greece Urban Greece Semi Urban + Rural

Greece SemU+Rural per 1000 inh.


Population Health 2/2

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Years

Dea

ths

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

De

ath

s /

10

00

in

ha

bit

an

ts

Greece Semi Urban + Rural Crete Semi Urban+Rural

Lasithi Semi Urban+Rural Greece SemU+Rural per 1000 inh.


Area of Specific Efforts

• Focus on the randomness of human activities• Aim for methods for improving the geographical representativeness

and generalisation • Use long and short term modelling examine Health Effects looking

on thresholds, cumulative doses or instantaneous peaks• Instead of the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) [measurement of

the difference between a current situation and the ideal situation where everyone lives up to the age of the standard life expectancy, and in perfect health],

• Utilise the Overall Cost to Population as a more representative indicator

• Focus on specific technological advancements for improving the current understanding of links between environmen & health


Acute Effects until 2004


Environment & Health Information Systems…

• EEA (EEIS/EIONET/REPORTNET)• EFSA (http://europa.eu.int/agencies/efsa/index_en.htm) • ESTAT (http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/)• EXPOFACTS (http://www.ktl.fi/expofacts/)• HEALTHGATE: The EU Health Portal (http://europa.eu.int/idabc/en/document/3205/580)• INSPIRE: (currently being developed) http://eu-geoportal.jrc.it/• HEI: The Health Effects Institute (http://www.healtheffects.org)• GSF - National Research Centre for Environment and Health

(http://www0.gsf.de/index_en.phtml) The objective is the identification of risks to human health and of those threatening the ecological balance, the evaluation of the limits to the burden which we can place upon our environment, and the creation of concepts to help us to avoid long-term damage to this vital resource.

• Imperial College London http://www.euroheis.org/• MRC Institute for Environment and Health (IEH) http://www.le.ac.uk/ieh • UK Environment

Agency(http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/aboutus/512398/289428/894682/?lang=_e )

• UNECE/EMEP: activity data and emission database (http://webdab.emep.int/)• WHO: European health for all database (http://www.euro.who.int/hfadb)

Documents

EcoInformatics Tech. Meeting, 18.Jan.06 “Environment and Health Information Systems; Closing gaps" …to reduce the disease burden caused by environmental