These 6 buttons align the view with each of the primary axes.
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Creating a basic Schedule project
Background
This tutorial is aimed at first-time users of the Schedule program.
It demonstrates how to work
through a simple Schedule project.
This tutorial guides you through the main features of Schedule,
from loading data through data
visualization and editing, to the production of an ECLIPSE
SCHEDULE section.
The input data files required have been created in a
Schedule-readable format. Although this is
the recommended method of using the Schedule program, almost all of
the input data can be
entered interactively into a Schedule project. Interactive data
input, data visualization and data
editing is addressed in more detail in Tutorial 2, "Importing the
grid and property files" on
page 42.
The geometrical block model and well description data, used in this
example, have deliberately
been simplified to allow you to concentrate on the program
functionality. In this example, the
simulation grid required as input for Schedule has been created
using the GRID program. A grid
and a trajectory interface file for Schedule have been exported
from GRID in a Schedule-
readable format.
• "Importing data" on page 22
• "Defining simulation timing" on page 31
• "Visualizing, validating and editing data" on page 32
• "Saving the project to disk" on page 35
• "Defining Schedule reporting" on page 35
• "Exporting the interface file for the simulator" on page 36
• "Inspecting the interface file" on page 37
• "Using the File menu to exit from current project" on page
38
• "Running ECLIPSE" on page 38
• "SCHEDULE standard symbols" on page 39
• "Discussion" on page 40
Getting started
The tutorial data files are included with your Schedule
installation. They can be found in the
following directory: schedule/tutorial/ex1/.
1 Copy all the tutorial data files to your current working
directory.
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22 Tutorials Schedule User Guide
Creating a basic Schedule project
2 To start Schedule type@schedule in your working directory or
run it from the ECLIPSE
Simulation Software Launcher on your PC.
Creating a new Schedule project
A Schedule project contains all the information you have loaded,
entered or calculated. You can save a project file at any time,
which allows you to restart Schedule at a later date and
continue
working on the project from the point at which it was saved.
Note When you create a new project, the existing project (and all
associated data) is cleared
from memory. If you have made changes in the existing project, you
are asked if you
want to save these changes before the new project is created.
When you start Schedule, a new project is created and the main
window is displayed.
Hint If you are already running a project and you want to
create a new project, select File |
New.
1 File | Save As….
2 In the Write Schedule Project box, enter EX1.PRJ as the
project name and save it.
Importing data
Background
This section explains how to import data into Schedule. For a
complete Schedule project you need the following data:
• Production data (*.VOL, *.vol).
(for example well perforations, well squeezes, plugs, etc.)
• Well geometry data (*.TRJ, *.trj; *.CNT, *.cnt; *.NET,
*.net;
*.LYR, *lyr).
• GRID data (*.*GR*, *.*gr*).
• Property information(*.*IN*, *.*in*).
The Import menu in the
Schedule window provides options for importing each
of the required
data files. Schedule uses standard file extensions (shown above, in
parentheses) for file import dialogs.
Hint If your import files have non-standard suffixes, they do
not appear in the list of files
available for import. In this case, you must enter the complete
file names to read in the
data.
Specifying the units being used in the project
Before importing data, specify the project/display units to be used
in the current project.
1 Setup | Units | Field
This sets the project/display units to FIELD units.
The selected project/display units determine: • The units used for
data display on windows and panels
• The units that are applied on data imported from files if the
UNITS keyword is not
placed in the header of the data file
• The units used in exported data (like in the
SCHEDULE Section).
Hint To make sure that the data are imported with the correct
units, we recommend that you
always include the UNITS keyword in the headers of data files.
If the units are not
specified in the data file, Schedule assumes that the data is in
project units. If the units
specified in the file are different from the project/display units,
Schedule converts the
data to project/display units. With some files, for example
GRID files, the program
prompts for the units during import.
2 You may need to edit the SCHEDULE section of your
configuration file to change the
default setting of the map units from METRES to FEET for
importing a grid file in a field
application. For details see "Importing a grid" on page 27.
Importing production data
Processing large amounts of production data to generate control
keywords that can be
understood by the simulator can be a difficult and time-consuming
task. Schedule provides you
with a powerful production data reader that understands various
production/injection data and
file formats. These file formats include: • Production Analyst
ASCII files
• OilField Manager report files
• Finder load files
Production data files created in many other databases or
spreadsheets can be imported by adding
a few descriptive keywords to the start of the file. See
"Production Data File Formats" on
page 285 for more details.
In this tutorial you will import a file that is already in
Schedule-readable format.
1 Import | Production History | Replace.
The Replace option is used when importing data for the first
time or whenever you want
to delete existing data and replace it with a new set.
Hint If you have additional data to import (for example, if
you have well production data
stored in different files) use the Merge option.
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24 Tutorials Schedule User Guide
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Hint If you started the program from somewhere other than
your working directory, you
need to go to the directory containing your data files.
2 Select EX1.VOL.
When Schedule is importing the production data, a progress
indicator is displayed briefly. This
window disappears after successful completion of the operation. If
any errors occur during the operation, the progress indicator
displays the error and you must close the window by clicking
on OK.
3 Data | Item List
The well names of the imported production data are now listed in
the Item List window, as
shown in Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1 The Item List window
4 Click on well P1:01 in the Item List window with the
right mouse button.
A pop-up menu appears.
5 Select Table History.
The imported production data for the selected well is displayed in
the Production History
table.
Hint You can also edit the production data using this table.
Details can be found in "Entering
and editing tabular production data" on page 48 and in the
"Reference Section" on
page 165.
Hint To see the same production data in graphical form,
select Graph History from the pop-
up menu. This opens a graphical display window showing the
production data for the
selected well.
6 Close the Production History table (and the graph
window if it is open).
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Importing events data
Data from well events such as perforations, squeezes and well tests
are combined with
geometrical well and grid information to calculate connection
factors for well to grid
connections.
2 Select EX1.EV from the file browser.
Hint If you have well event data stored in several different
files (for example, separated by
wells or by event types) then choose Import | Events |
Merge instead of Replace
during import.
3 Click, with the right mouse button, on well P1:02 in the
Item List window.
4 Choose Show Events from the pop-up menu.
This opens the well Events window, which allows you to
view all of the events for the
selected well that are currently defined in Schedule.
The left side of the Events window shows the list of events
for the selected well. Further
details concerning the currently selected event are displayed on
the right side of the
window. You can click on any of the events on the left to display
its details.
5 Close the Events window.
6 Click, with the right mouse button, on well P2 in the Item
List window.
7 Choose Graph Completions from the pop-up menu.
This displays a Completion/Event graph similar to Figure 4.2. This
graph shows the event
history for the well P2 on a graph of the measured depth, MD,
in the y-axis versus time (x-
axis).
Figure 4.2 The Completion/Event graph for well P2
The top of each event is marked by a small yellow square. You can
read the event MD and
the date at which the events occurred while the mouse is on the
yellow square of an event.
Hint Click on View in the Completion/Event
graph window, and choose Flow Diagram
from the pop-up menu to show the plot of production history at the
bottom of the graph.
Hint Double clicking on a yellow square representing an event
opens the Events window for that event.
8 Close the Completion/Event window.
Importing control network
With Schedule, you can create a well and group control network that
represents group
production and injection. A control network in Schedule does
not have to represent a physical
grouping structure; it can be a control hierarchy for a simulation
run, hence the name control
network. A hierarchy of groups with assigned wells can either be
built interactively within a
project or imported from a file.You can view the control
hierarchy on the Control Network window.
1 Data | Control Network.
This displays the current control network (the well/group hierachy
information).
2 Import | Control Network.
This allows you to import the control network from a file.
3 Select EX1.NET.
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Creating a basic Schedule project 27
Note A small square appears next to each well on the Item List.
This indicates that the well
is now assigned to a group.
The Control Network window then displays the loaded hierarchy
information. EX1.NET
is an example of a three-level hierarchy. The field occupies the
highest level, level 0.
PLAT-A and PLAT-B are node groups at level 1. The groups
at level 2 are all well groups (SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3) containing
wells only. When these wells are included, the
hierarchy has three levels in total.
Hint You can also build hierarchies, interactively, within a
project by defining groups and
assigning wells to it. This is addressed in detail in "Interactive
data editing and
validation" on page 41.
Importing a grid
Schedule calculates connections of wells with a simulation grid
based on geometrical grid and well information.
1 Import | Grid | Single Porosity
This allows you to import a grid file in single porosity (for
example those generated by a
gridding application such as the GRID or FloGrid programs
or by ECLIPSE). For more
details on grid file sources, see "Grid, property and well
geometry file sources, and
combinations" on page 318.
Note Schedule can read and manage a grid file in dual porosity, and
set the wells in dual
porosity case. The process on the dual porosity case is
similar to running a single
porosity case except that you must select Import | Grid |
Dual Porosity and import
a dual-porosity grid file instead. The tutorials in this manual all
describe use of single
porosities.
This grid file was produced by the GRID program.
Caution If the grid has not been exported using map coordinates,
Schedule does not know
the map units, and it sets the units to the default setting
specified in the
SCHEDULE section of the configuration file (usually
METRES).
The file EX1.FGRID was not exported using map coordinates, but
the map units were FEET.
When Schedule was importing the grid it may have displayed a
message in the log window
stating “Map units from config. file set to METRES”. If this is the
case then do not continue working with these map units.
You need to edit the SCHEDULE Section of your configuration file to
change the default setting
of the map units from METRES to FEET and re-import the
grid file.
3 File | Save
4 Exit Schedule.
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5 Open your configuration file in a text editor (either the local
ECL.CFG file if you copied
the master to you working directory, or the master
CONFIG.ECL file in the
/ecl/macros directory).
6 Go to the section beginning “SECTION SCHEDULE”, uncomment
“MAPUNITS FEET”;
Or enter a new line with this text, comment “MAPUNITS METRES” and
save the
configuration file.
This loads the changed configuration file.
Caution If you have edited the CONFIG.ECL file rather than the
local ECL.CFG file, you
should not load the existing local configuration file. Instead, the
master
configuration file should be copied to the current directory. In
this case, you will
see this message
deletes local file) (y/n)?”
You should type n.
8 Open your Schedule project and re-import the grid. This replaces
the existing grid.
Schedule reports “Map units from config file set to FEET” in the
Log
window.
Note The grid and property information (GRID and
INIT files) are not stored with the
project. This uses less disk space and allows Schedule to
work faster. Schedule only
saves the path and file names of the GRID and INIT files,
then re-reads the files
whenever it opens the project. If you have changed the location of
the GRID and/or
INIT file or if you have moved the project file, you are
prompted for the new location
of both files.
Defining well trajectories
A well trajectory describes the path of the wells through the
simulation grid as well as the initial
permeability and Net To Gross (NTG) properties for the grid
blocks through which the well
passes.
Schedule uses the well trajectory data to map the measured depth
information for well events
onto the simulation grid block. The combination of well trajectory
and perforation information
allows Schedule to calculate well connection factors for a
simulation run.
There are three ways of defining well trajectories in
Schedule:
Importing well deviation survey data and calculating well
trajectory
You can import the deviation data file into Schedule (in the
GRID format) and Schedule uses it
together with the grid file and the properties file to calculate
the trajectory.
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Creating a basic Schedule project 29
Schedule can load the grid block property information from an
ECLIPSE INIT file. The
ECLIPSE INIT data file can be produced with an ECLIPSE no
simulation (NOSIM) data set,
run with the INIT keyword in the GRID section and the
NOSIM keyword in the RUNSPEC
section. The NOSIM keyword performs data checking with no
simulation.
When calculating the well trajectory in Schedule, ensure you
perform the following steps:
• Load the grid file (the GRID file can be from ECLIPSE or the
GRID program or another
gridding application).
• Read the property file (ECLIPSE INIT file).
• Import the deviation survey data (by importing the proper control
*.CNT file).
Hint The file reading sequence is not important as long as a
grid file is available before you
read in the deviation data.
At this point you have imported the GRID file but not the
property file. You now need the
properties (permeabilities and NTG values) for the trajectory
calculation.
1 Import | Properties
This allows you to load the property information from the ECLIPSE
INIT file.
2 Select EX1.FINIT from the File menu.
3 Import | Well Locations | Deviation Survey
This allows you to load the well deviation data.
4 Select EX1.CNT.
EX1.CNT is the control file that contains file names and data
file format for the well
deviation information. The well deviation information for this
example is held in the
deviation file named EX1.DEV. This deviation file is called by the
control file during the
loading procedure.
The well trajectories have not been calculated, yet. Schedule
automatically calculates the
trajectories if you perform one of the following actions: • Display
well(s) in a 3D view.
• View the well trajectory table for well(s).
• Export the SCHEDULE section.
• Select Data | Recalculate Trajectories.
5 Select Data | Recalculate Trajectories.
The well deviation data is not stored with the project.
Schedule only stores the calculated
well trajectories. If you save and exit the project before
calculating the well trajectories, the
deviation data must be re-imported to allow Schedule to calculate
the well trajectories.
Once you have calculated the trajectories and saved the project,
the deviation data does not
have to be stored.
Note For the purpose of editing a well by means of the 3D
Viewer , or of viewing the well
deviations graphically later on, we suggest you save the new
deviation data by
exporting deviations in the Schedule main window before you save or
exit the project.
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Note If your deviation data changes and you re import the data into
the project, you must
select Data | Recalculate Trajectories to update the
trajectories. Existing data is
replaced on a per well bore basis. You must also recalculate the
trajectories if your grid
properties or dimensions have changed.
Importing a well trajectory file
These files are produced by a gridding application like the GRID or
FloGrid programs
If you have the well geometry information already loaded in, for
example, the GRID program,
you can calculate the well trajectory in GRID and export a
trajectory file for use in Schedule.
This is done by selecting the ‘Output of well connections’ option
in GRID. As block
properties are already defined for the block model, the
trajectory file contains permeabilities and
NTG values for the grid blocks that are intersected by the
wells.
At this point, since you have already calculated the trajectory
internally based on imported well
deviation survey data, importing trajectory files replaces the
existing trajectories.
1 Import | Well Locations | Trajectory File
2 From the file browser select EX1.TRJ.
3 View a Well Trajectory table by clicking on a well on the
Control Network window with
the right mouse button and selecting Edit Trajectory from the
pop-up menu.
Hint Another way to view and edit the well trajectory
information will be addressed in
"Visualizing, validating and editing data" on page 32.
Note If you import both the trajectory file from the GRID program
(or another gridding
application) and the deviation data, you may import redundant well
geometry
information. In this case, the information in the trajectory file
has a higher priority than
the deviation information, unless you recalculate your trajectories
whilst having the deviation survey information loaded. Then the
trajectory is updated based on the
imported well deviation information.
Interactively defining a well trajectory
If you do not have a trajectory file or a deviation survey
available for a well, you can define the
trajectory manually by editing the trajectory table or by
digitizing the well graphically in a 3D
Viewer . Both are easy ways in Schedule to specify drilling
scenarios for new wells during a
prediction run. This is addressed in "Defining well
trajectories interactively" on page 61.
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Importing geological layer information
In a simulation model, geological units are represented by one or
more grid layers. As the
geometry of the grid does not always model exactly the
corresponding geological layering, a
well-to-grid connection is sometimes placed in the wrong simulation
flow unit. For example, a
producing geological layer may be intersected by a well at a
top depth of 1000 feet. On the other hand the simulation block
representing the geological flow unit may have been assigned
an
average top depth value over its horizontal extents of 1005 feet.
If a perforation is placed from
a depth of 1000 feet downwards it will not only intersect the
current grid block starting at 1005
feet, it is also placed in the simulation block representing the
geological unit above (for the
interval between 1000 and 1005 feet). This may not be an active
flow unit.
To avoid placement of well events in incorrect simulation grid
layers, Schedule provides a facility for placing well
connections based not just on the measured depth information but
also
on geological layer assignment.
You can define the geological flow units in a Layer
Table where they are associated with
specific simulation grid layers. If the depth approximation of a
grid layer is different from the
real position of the geological layer where a well event is
assigned to, Schedule automatically
shifts the well event to the correct geological layer. For more
details on layer shifting, see "Defining well events" on page
67 and "Configuring simulation options" on page 336.
1 Import | Layer Table.
2 From the file browser select EX1.LYR.
3 Data | Layer Table
This allows you to view and edit the Layer Table window.
Defining simulation timing
Schedule allows complete flexibility in the choice of time step
lengths. Overall time steps can
be chosen on a daily, monthly or yearly basis. Time step size
can also vary during your
simulation run. You can have very short simulator time steps during
periods of special interest,
and long ones during periods of less interest. Additional time
steps can also be defined for
specific well or group events. For more details on declaring
individual events to force additional
time steps, see “"Entering simulation time framework data" on page
51.
Schedule calculates average production rates based on the time
steps you have
defined. If you decide to use a different time step size for
another simulation run,
Schedule will automatically recalculate the average production
rates accordingly.
In the current example you will define monthly time steps with
additional time steps for well
events.
32 Tutorials Schedule User Guide
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You can change the simulation timing by clicking the time step
button on the Simulation
Time Framework window and selecting either Year ,
Month or Day from the drop-down
menu. You can add more time steps or more lines for events. The
Event Shifts column
allows you to choose when Schedule adds additional time steps if
certain events occur. The
date format allows real dates (for example 01 Jan 1970), symbolic
dates (for example SOH
indicating Start of History) and relative dates (for example SOH +
1 month). You can enter
extra user specified dates in the Time Framework Date
List panel, which is accessed from
the Dates button. (See "Time framework window XYZ" on page
184.)
2 Click on OK.
This accepts the default settings in the Simulation Time
Framework panel (monthly time
steps, event shifts ignored).
Visualizing, validating and editing data
Data visualization, validation and editing is addressed in greater
detail in "Interactive data
editing and validation" on page 41. You may have had a look at the
imported tabular data when
following the loading instructions in the previous sections. The
next stage of this tutorial covers
the three-dimensional display feature of Schedule.
3D visualization of well to grid connections
Once you have loaded or calculated your well trajectory, you can
inspect a three-dimensional
view of the wells.
1 Click with the right mouse button on well G1 in the Control
Network window.
2 Select View 3D Well.
The program calculates the well connections over the defined
simulation time based on the
specified grid, well geometry, events and simulation timing
information and displays the
well in the 3D Well Viewer window. By default Schedule
displays a picture similar to that
shown in Figure 4.3. The actual view may differ slightly due to the
default settings, so axes
and a bounding box for the entire grid may be present. These can be
removed in the
Display|Axes menu options.
Creating a basic Schedule project 33
Figure 4.3 Default 3D well display
Hint You can select several contiguous or non-contiguous
wells within a group from the
Well list with a combination of the mouse and the
SHIFT or CTRL keys.To add more wells to a 3D
Viewer that is already open, drag and drop the
selected
wells to the open 3D Viewer window. If you wish to view
the selected wells in a
different 3D Viewer, click on the “3D Viewer” button
again.
Viewing the well completion state at the initial time step
1 If the cell outlines are not switched on, select 3D Well Viewer:
Scene | Grid | Show |
Outlines.
This displays the model grid as an outline around the well
trajectories, making the wells
easier to visualize. Alternatively, you can click on the outline
button.
Hint You can also select:
Cells only
2 3D Well Viewer: Scene| Grid | Property | PORO .
This displays porosity, one of the initial properties imported, in
colored grid cells.
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Hint Select other initial properties for various views.
3 3D Well Viewer: View | Timesteps…
This allows you to step through the completion history of this
well.
Hint You can also use the Timestep toolbar at the top
right side
of the panel.
Viewing well connections
1 3D Well Viewer: 3D View | Connections
Hint You can modify the displayed size of completion
decorations and well radii by
selecting the menu option 3D Well Viewer: Scene | Wells | Level of
Detail.
The 3D Well Viewer is an excellent tool for detecting
badly-modeled wells. Examples of bad models include wells with a
large offset from the grid block center caused by
inappropriate
positioning of grid cells or two wells intersecting the same
grid block. This is an important
consideration if your project contains highly deviated or
horizontal wells.
2 3D Well Viewer: 3D View | Deviation
This allows you to view the imported well path.
3 3D Well Viewer: 3D View | Full Grid
This allows you to see the well positions within the whole model
grid.
Hint If you need to visualize another well, click, with the
right mouse button on the well
name in the Control Network window and select View 3D
Well from the pop-up
menu. If you have more than one well in your 3D display, the Wells
menu on the 3D Visualization window allows you to switch wells
ON or OFF by selecting individual
well or Multiple Selector…You can normalize the
view by selecting AutoNormalize
from the Display menu or by clicking
the AutoNormalize button in the top left
of the 3D Viewer window.
The visualization can be customized in a number of ways, see
"Functionality covered by the
tutorials" on page 18 for further information. The Schedule 3D
visualization facilities is
addressed in more detail in "3D visualization and predictive
SCHEDULE file generation" on
page 82.
Viewing the well geometry data
1 Reopen the 3D Well Viewer window with well G1.
2 Select 3D Well Viewer: Scene | Grid | Show | Outlines, (if this
is not already
switched on.) You will also need to click on the “Cells” button to
switch off the Cells
display function so that only the Cell Outlines are active.
You see, clearly, a well with three
colors in a well completion status.
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3 Select 3D Well Viewer: Controls | Well Show Table.
Hint You can also do this by clicking the “Well Show Table”
button, , on the top
window.
4 Click on the central part of the green area on the well to open
the Events Table for G1.
5 View and close the table.
6 Click the Well Show Table button again, and this time click
the central part of the blue and
gray area.
This opens the Trajectory table for G1.
7 View and click on the OK button to close the table.
8 Select 3D Well Viewer: 3D View | Deviation
This shows well deviation with a violet color.
9 Select 3D Well Viewer: Controls | Well Edit Deviation
10 Click on the central part of the well. You will see a message
onEdit Well Bore: “Confirm
edit of Well Bore: G1”.
11 Click the OK button.
This opens the G1 Edit Table, and shows the deviation points
on the well bore.
12 Try changing a value on the table, for example the value of
X in point 3 to 8000, and then
click Update View. Watch what happens.
13 Click the Close button. The table will now close.
Hint Click the “Set View” buttons on the left side of the
window to set the view in different
directions.
15 Close the 3D Well Viewer window.
Saving the project to disk
Once you have edited the data imported into your current project,
you should save your project
to disk. To do so, select
1 File | Save.
2 Remember to export your deviation survey if you have not already
done so, as they are not
saved with the project. Save it as Ex1.cnt.
Defining Schedule reporting
Schedule allows report files to be created at designated times
during the simulation. This section
demonstrates how to define report steps for your simulation
run.
Schedule reports are defined for the whole field; it is therefore
handled as a FIELD event.
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1 Click with the right mouse button on the FIELD in your
Control Network window.
2 Select Show Events from the pop-up menu.
3 Select Events: New | Schedule Report Style to define your
report frequency and
content.
4 To switch the properties to be reported on or off, press the
appropriate selection buttons
(initially they only have a * in the middle) until either
ON or OFF appears.
5 Switch reporting ON for:
• grid block pressures
• grid block oil saturation
• grid block water saturation
• grid block gas saturation
For a full description of each of the options and their associated
values, refer to the
"ECLIPSE Reference Manual".
The report frequency and reporting times are defaulted to quarterly
reports from the Initial
until Final data step of your simulation. You can change any
reporting time between theInitial and Final data step. You can also
change the reporting frequency to daily, monthly
or yearly, with reports at any nth step.
6 Change the final report time from UNDEFINED to Final or
EOS (End Of Simulation).
7 Change the report frequency to once per year.
8 Click on Apply to register the changes and close the
panel.
Additional time steps are placed in the simulation model at those
dates where Schedule
reports are specified. Schedule inserts the ECLIPSE keyword
RPTSCHED at the defined
intervals in the exported SCHEDULE section and ECLIPSE writes
the Schedule reports at
the defined intervals to the print file.
Hint You can specify further Schedule reports with different
frequencies and contents by defining another SCHEDULE section
report.
Note You can use the Simulation Options window to control how
Schedule generates the
SCHEDULE section. Please refer to "Simulation options window"
on page 186.
Exporting the interface file for the simulator
1 Export | Schedule Section, to create the SCHEDULE section
file for inclusion in the
ECLIPSE data file.
Hint We recommend that you place your SCHEDULE section
file in the same directory as
your data files.
Creating a basic Schedule project 37
Hint You can also export the subsections listed on the
Export menu. Remember to use the
standard suffix as shown in the Filter column when
exporting files. The default
standard file suffixes are used for file import and export
dialogs.
3 Click on OK.
The program displays a panel that indicates the progress of the
current keyword generation and save operation.
Schedule first creates the simulation model, by converting all the
Schedule information into
simulator keywords, the progress of which is indicated by the
Schedule status window
named Building Simulation Model.
Schedule, then, writes the interface file for the simulator, the
progress of which is indicated
by the Schedule status window named Writing Schedule
section.
4 At the end of the run, you will get this error message:
“3 Errors were detected during output”.
Click on OK to complete the exporting process.
Hint You can also export your SCHEDULE section for
selected wells, or for groups only.
Click on the desired well or group on the Control
Network window, then select
Control Network: Export | Selected Schedule.
5 File | Save.
Inspecting the interface file
1 Open the SCHEDULE section file EX1.SCH with a text
editor.
This file is an interface file to ECLIPSE. It is the
SCHEDULE section of the ECLIPSEDATA file. You can include
this file in the ECLIPSE DATA file by using the
INCLUDE
keyword, as detailed in the "ECLIPSE Reference Manual".
The SCHEDULE section file consists of ECLIPSE
SCHEDULE section keywords with
associated data, as well as information messages from Schedule
which give you a better
understanding of the form and content of the data set.
2 Check the error message using the find function in a text
editor.
Schedule gives the following ERROR message in the exported
file:
The errors are for the problem cells on well G4. At least one CF
component is negative and
you will find that this happens due to the well acidifying or
stimulation event.
-- : G4 Acidise Top: 8100.00 Bot: 8150.00 Skin: -13.00
-- : >> -- Acidising upper most perforation
-- ERROR: COMPDAT Cell 10 2 2 At least one CF component is
negative
-- : G4 Connection 10 2 2 Perf. Len 52.45 ( 61.3%)
-- WARN: G4 Connection 10 2 2 SUPPRESSED, can’t calculate CF
38 Tutorials Schedule User Guide
Creating a basic Schedule project
Note Schedule deals with the problem cells with errors by
suppressing the cell connection
from the well.
If you continue to check the events on well G4, you find the skin
factors are in large
negative values in the acidifying and stimulating events, which
cause the connection factors
(CF) to become negative.
Note ECLIPSE does not allow a negative CF. You can re-edit the
events to fit the criteria, or
leave the problem cells out of the well connections.
Schedule writes keywords and associated data only when changes
occur in the data. If a
keyword with associated data has been written at a defined date, it
is valid until redefined.
Hint For example, the COMPDAT keyword in the
SCHEDULE section file is written when an
event takes place on a well for the first time. It defines
completion data of wells and
reflects well events at that specific date. When a well is
perforated, the COMPDAT
keyword is written for that well, and the new data is valid until
the keyword is written
again, when another event occurs.
In this tutorial example, well G1 was perforated at the initial
state of the simulation, which
is shown when the COMPDAT keyword is first written. These data
are valid until January
15, when a layer of well G1 was squeezed. The COMPDAT keyword
is again written by
Schedule to make these changes occur in the simulator.
Hint For further details on the SCHEDULE section of the
simulator input DATA file, please
refer to the"ECLIPSE Reference Manual" and to "SCHEDULE
Section File" on
page 335.
1 To close Schedule, select File | Exit.
Schedule prompts you to save the current project if it contains any
unsaved data. If you do not
want to save the changes, click on the Continue button, or the
Exit button to exit from the
current project. Otherwise, click on the Cancel button and
save the current project.
Hint After you exit from the current project, whether or not
you have changed anything, the
data files remain unchanged unless you have exported the updated
data file(s) to a
file(s) of the same name(s).
Running ECLIPSE
An ECLIPSE DATA file has been created for this tutorial. It
runs the simulator using the
SCHEDULE section file you have exported from Schedule.
Creating a basic Schedule project 39
Before running the simulator, make sure that the directory where
you run ECLIPSE contains the
SCHEDULE section file (EX1.SCH), the GRID file
(EX1.GRDECL), and the data file
(EX1.DATA). Also ensure that both EX1.SCH and
EX1.GRDECL have been correctly
included in the data file using the ECLIPSE
INCLUDE keyword.
1 Run the simulator.
(By typing @eclipse on a UNIX platform, clicking on the
ECLIPSE Simulation
Software Launcher on a PC, or using ECLIPSE Office)
2 Specify the EX1.DATA file as the data file.
3 When the run finishes, look at the simulation results.
Hint If you want to look at the production and pressure data
for wells, they have been
written to the summary file (EX1.RSM).
You can use the Result Viewer of ECLIPSE Office to visualize your
simulator results. As
uniform output has been chosen in the ECLIPSE data file (by
specifying the keyword UNIFOUT
in the RUNSPEC section of the ECLIPSE data set), both unified
summary and restart files are
written by the simulator.
• EX1.FINIT
Schedule import/export file suffixes
The file extensions (suffixes) may be either in UPPER or in lower
case.
*.VOL Production file
Symbolic simulation date
Discussion
This tutorial demonstrated how to start a new project, load data
into your project, view data, and
export the SCHEDULE section file for the simulator. While
working through this tutorial you
learned what data is required by Schedule to create the simulator
interface file.
You then ran ECLIPSE to see how Schedule interacts with the
simulator, and you may have
viewed the simulation results.
For more details on tabular and graphical data editing, work
through Tutorial 2, "Interactive
data editing and validation" on page 41.
This tutorial focused on converting field data accumulated during
the history of an oil field into
a SCHEDULE section keyword file, in an ECLIPSE-readable
format. Schedule can also create the simulator
SCHEDULE section for a prediction run. Schedule can define any
SCHEDULE
section keyword for the FIELD, groups and wells with associated
data that is then recognized
by the simulator. You can also define templates that fill in
default data in your keywords or
macros that automatically create keywords with associated data. You
can apply keywords,
templates, and macros to individual wells, several wells, well
groups or the entire field. These
features are addressed in "3D visualization and predictive
SCHEDULE file generation" on
page 82.
*.NET Control network file
*.LYR Geological layer file
*.TFW Time FrameWork file
*.*SMRY, *.*SMSPECY Summary file
*.*UNRST,*.X*, *.F* Restart file
*.DAT* ECLIPSE data file
SOS Start of simulation (can not be used in Simulation Time Frame
work)
EOS End of simulation can not be used in Simulation Time Frame
work)
SPH First date of production history
EPH Last date of production history
SOH Start date of simulation on production history
EOH End date of simulation on production history
SOP Start date of simulation on production prediction
EOP End date of simulation on production prediction
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Interactive data editing and validation
Introduction
The goal of this tutorial is to demonstrate the interactive data
editing and data validating
facilities of Schedule.
• If you do not have all of the input data required for a Schedule
project available in a
format that is readable by Schedule, the interactive data editing
facilities of the
program help you to input your data correctly. You can create
a complete project within
Schedule, by having available a grid and property file created in
another program, and
then specifying the rest of the required input interactively on
panels and windows
generated in Schedule.
If you have already loaded your data from existing input files, the
same facilities allow you to
visualize and check your data for accuracy and completeness, and
edit the data where necessary.
Also, if you are not sure about the input data file format, you can
enter the data interactively on
a panel, export the data using one of the Schedule data export
options, and then continue editing
the data on the exported file which is now in the right format. You
can then re-import the file
into your project after you have finished editing the data
file.
This tutorial demonstrates the main editing and visualization
features of Schedule. In addition,
it guides you through a complete typical Schedule project.
Stages
• "Creating a new project" on page 42
• "Importing the grid and property files" on page 42
• "Creating a control network of wells and groups of wells" on page
43
• "Entering, editing and analyzing well production and injection
data" on page 48
• "Defining well trajectories interactively" on page 61
• "Entering geological layer data" on page 66
• "Defining well events" on page 67
• "Inspecting the completion diagram" on page 73
• "Configuring simulation options" on page 74
• "Exporting SCHEDULE section for use in ECLIPSE" on page 74
• "Using Schedule for a history match run" on page 79
• "Discussion" on page 80
Getting started
The tutorial data files are included with your Schedule
installation. They can be found in the
following directory: schedule/tutorial/ex2/.
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1 Copy all the tutorial data files to your current working
directory.
2 To start Schedule type @schedule in your working directory,
or run it from the ECLIPSE
Simulation Software Launcher on your PC.
Creating a new project When you start Schedule, a new project opens
automatically and the main Schedule window
appears on the screen. If you already have a Schedule project
running, save it before starting a
new one, as discussed in "Creating a new Schedule project" on page
22.
1 File | Save As…
This opens the Save Project window, which allows you to enter
a project name.
2 Enter EX2.PRJ as the project name and save it.
There are two other windows you work with most of the time during a
Schedule project: the
Control Network and the Item List windows.
3 To open these windows, select:
• Data | Item List
• Data | Control Network
Hint You may need to resize or move the various windows to
make them fit neatly on the
screen. This makes it easier when entering and editing the
data.
Importing the grid and property files
To build a new Schedule project you need the grid and property
files, available from other
programs. For this tutorial both input files have been
created with the ECLIPSE simulator. For other sources of grid and
property files, see "Sources and combinations of grid, property
and
well data files" on page 315.
1 To load the grid information into your current project, select
Import | Grid | Single
Porosity
2 Select the GRID file named EX2.FGRID from the file
browser.
3 To load the properties information into Schedule, select Import |
Properties
4 Select the property file named EX2.FINIT from the file
browser.
During data import, Schedule briefly displays a progress indicator.
This window disappears
after successful completion of the operation. If any errors occur
during the operation, the
progress indicator displays the error.
5 Close the window by clicking on OK.
Note The grid and property files can be either formatted or
unformatted: if formatted, they
must have the extensions *.FGRID and *.FINIT; if unformatted, the
extensions
*.GRID and *.INIT. Both upper and lower case are accepted by the
reader.
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Creating a control network of wells and groups of
wells
The Control Network window allows you to interactively create
a network (or hierarchy) of
groups and wells. Although there is an option to import a control
network from an ASCII file,
you will find it convenient most of the time to create the control
network interactively in a
Schedule project.
As mentioned in the previous tutorial, the control network does not
necessarily have to represent
a physical grouping of wells in the field. You can group the wells
together for any specific
purpose, for example to allow you to apply economic or
physical flow constraints on the wells
or to sum up production/injection volumes.
Adding groups and wells to a control network
The top level of the hierarchy in the control network is called
FIELD, which is consistent with
the ECLIPSE grouping structure requirement. First, add three groups
to the existing FIELD.
(Wells can only belong to groups and not directly to FIELD. This
constraint is imposed by
ECLIPSE.)
Groups can be added to FIELD (or to other groups, for that
matter) in three ways:
1 Click with the right mouse button on FIELD and select Create
Group from the pop-up
menu. This allows you to key in a name for the group you want to
add.
2 Name the group Group_1.
3 Click on FIELD with the left mouse button (this changes the fill
color to red) then click on
the “plus” button on the tool bar at the top of the Control
Network window. The same
pop-up window appears.
4 Name the group Group_2.
5 Click on FIELD with the left mouse button then select Edit | New
Group from the Control
Network menu bar. Again, the same pop-up window appears.
6 Name the group Group_3.
7 Now add a sub-group Group_3.1 to Group_3.
Note To rename a group click on the GROUP name with the
right mouse button and select
Rename Group from the pop-up menu. Enter your new name.
Similarly, you can now add wells to the groups you just
created:
8 Click on Group_1 with the right mouse button and
select Create Well from the pop down
menu.
9 Name the well Well_1 and click on OK.
Hint After you have imported production and/or events data
from a file, you have the well
names available on the Item List window, and you can add wells
to different groups
by dragging and dropping them from the Item
List window.
10 Add another three wells to the first group and name themWell_2,
Well_3 and Well_4.
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While you were defining the new wells in the Control
Network window, the well names
appear, also, on the Item List window. They cannot now be
removed from the Item List.
Note Groups can contain either wells or other groups, but
not groups and wells on the same
hierarchical level because this is incompatible with the ECLIPSE
grouping structure;
for example Group_1 should not contain another group in
addition to wells Well_1
to Well_4. Figure 4.4 shows an example of an incompatible
grouping structure.
Figure 4.4 Incompatible grouping structure in the Control Network
window
There are two methods of removing wells or groups from the control
network:
11 First select the items to be deleted in the Control
Network window, Click on Well_3 and
Well_4 from Group_1, then, click on the “Dustbin” button at
the top right of the
Control Network window. (This is not a drag and drop
operation.)
Hint Several contiguous or non-contiguous wells within a
group can be selected from the
control network with a combination of the mouse and the
Shift or Ctrl keys.
Multiple selections can only be made within one group on the
control network
12 Alternatively select the items to be removed first, click on
Well_3 and Well_4 from
Group_1 and, then select, Edit | Remove Items.
The wells disappear from the Control Network, however, they remain
on the Item List but
now do not have a black square beside them. This shows they are no
longer active in this
project.
Note Only wells that are assigned to groups in the control network
are active and are
considered when a SCHEDULE section is generated. Active
wells are indicated by a
black square by the side of the wellname in the Item List.
Removing wells from the
control network does not delete related well
information; the wells are only made
inactive in the current project. The same applies when a group is
deleted from the
control network; all the wells assigned to that group are removed,
but they are still
available for selection and reassignment to another group.
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Interactive data editing and validation 45
Note Any new well(s) created can not use same name(s) as the
existing well(s) on the Item
List.
Assigning wells
You can assign wells to the control network in two ways:
By selecting the wellnames on the Item List window and
dragging them over to the
required group.
1 Click on Well_3 on the Item List.
2 Drag the well to Group_1 in the Control Network and then
release the mouse.
Or, by using the small text entry box on the Item List window
to select inactive well names
that match a defined pattern. The special characters "*" and "?"
are used as wild cards in
the text pattern string. The "?" character stands for any single
character, the "*" character
stands for any number of characters. If you then click on the “+”
button above the text entry
box, the required wells are highlighted and you can drag them
onto the control network.
3 Type Well_? in the text entry box and click on the plus
button above the box.
Well_4 is now highlighted.
4 Drag the well to Group_1.
Reassigning wells/groups in a control network
You can reassign wells to other groups by clicking on them and
dragging them to another group.
1 Click on Well_2 then drag it to Group_2.
2 Click and drag Well_3 and Well_4 into Group_3.1.
Note When you drag a well/group the mouse cursor changes shape to a
no entry sign. This indicates that you cannot place the well in the
current position. The cursor changes to
a cross hair when a valid destination for the well has been
reached.
Hint If there are a large number of wells and groups in the
control network, you may have
to scroll through the Control Network window to view all the
network items. When
re-assigning wells, there may be instances when you are not able to
view both the well
you wish to move and its destination, at the same time. In this
case, we recommend
splitting the Control Network window into two panes. Along the
bottom of the
Control Network window there is a black bar. Drag this bar to
split the Control
Network display area into two windows and view different areas
of the control
network at the same time. You can now reassign wells by dragging
them from onescreen to the other. To remove the split drag the bar
back to the bottom of the screen.
Hint Alternatively, you can collapse part of the network on
the Control Network window
by double-clicking on the box next to a group name. The wells
assigned to that group
disappear, and the box has a "+" marker inside it to indicate that
there are hidden
features. Double-clicking again on the box expands the group once
more.
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46 Tutorials Schedule User Guide
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Figure 4.5 Splitting the Control Network and hiding part of the
hierarchy
Time-dependent control network
When you start to build your control network, Schedule assigns the
time SOS (indicating Start
Of Simulation) to the network. This is indicated by an arrow at the
top left of the Control
Network window next to the symbol SOS. This means the
current control network is valid for
this SOS time.
If your control network changes with time, you can reflect this in
the project using the Schedule
time-dependent grouping structure. A time-dependent control network
allows you to re-assign
wells between groups during a simulation run. This may be helpful
for applying different group
production or injection constraints within the history m