EclipseSoftware Engineering with an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Markus Scheidgen

Agenda

‣ What is eclipse and why bother? - An introduction to eclipse.

‣ eclipse fundamentals

‣ (Java) development with eclipse★ reading code★ writing code★ build and run code★ debugging★ testing★ version control

‣ beyond Java programming

‣ extending eclipse★ plug-ins and equinox★ Java Development Toolkit APIs★ eclipse modeling framework

‣ further reading

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introduction

What is eclipse?

‣ Eclipse started as a proprietary IBM product (IBM Visual age for Smalltalk/Java).

‣ Eclipse is open source - it is a general purpose open platform that facilitates and encourages the development of third party plug-ins.

‣ Eclipse is best known as an Integrated Development Environment (IDE).

‣ Eclipse was originally designed for Java, now supports many other languages.★ C, C++, Python, PHP, Ruby★ XML, HTML, CSS★ ant, maven, and many more

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What is eclipse not?

‣Eclipse is not a programming language.

‣Eclipse is not a software modeling tool; but it can be used as one.

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Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

In this lecture we manly see eclipse as an IDE.

‣ Programming requires the use of many tools:★ editors (vim, emacs)★ compilers (gcc, javac)★ code analyzers (lyn)★ debuggers (gdb, jdb)★ build-tools (make, ant, maven)★ version control (cvs, svn, git, ClearCase)

‣ IDEs integrate those tools into a single coherent environment.★ one rich graphical user interface★ one configuration scheme★ The different tools are connected with each other.

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Why bother?

‣ IDEs are omnipresent.

‣Many software engineering tools only have rudimentary interfaces.

‣ IDEs can automate many processes in software engineering:★building, testing★generation of boiler-plate code

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fundamentals

Installation (I)

‣download: http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/★Eclipse 3.x releases are: Callisto, Europa, Ganymede,

Galileo, Helios, Indigo (3.7, current)★There is a 32- and 64-bit version for Windows, MacOS,

and Linux/Unix.★Eclipse is java-based but uses SWT, a GUI-toolkit with

platform specific versions.★There are different packages (different collections of

plug-ins) for different use-case. Download Eclipse IDE for Java Developers when in doubt.

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Installation (II)

‣after download:★You have a .zip- or .tar.gz-file.★unzip ★The unzipped folder contains an executable eclipse(.exe)

‣start eclipse:★You will have to choose a workspace. The workspace is

the place were eclipse will store all your work and configurations. Workspaces can be switched later. Choose a new directory somewhere in your home folder.

★You leave the welcome screen with the right-hand-side arrow.

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The Workspace

‣ ... shows your current work.

‣ ... is fully configurable, (via Window menu).★ Views can be moved, removed, added.★ You can switch between perspectives (specific arrangement of

views).

‣ Views can be very general (e.g. Problems, Outline) or specific (e.g. Package Explorer (java), Task List (mylyn))

‣ The workspace has a menu bar (top) and status bar (bottom)

‣ The workspace and views have action bars

‣ The space in the “middle” contains open editors. Editors may change the menu bar.

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Eclipse Vocabulary

‣ Workbench, Perspective, Editor, View

‣ Project★ organizational unit for your work★ corresponds to a folder on your hard-drive, by default in the workspace directory★ is a resource

‣ Resource★ generic term for folders, files, and sometimes file-like (virtual resources) entities

‣ Preferences★ eclipse wide configuration★ organized by plug-ins

‣ Properties★ project specific configuration★ allows to create project specific settings for large parts of the preferences

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Java Development Tools (JDT)

Java Development Tools (JDT)

‣ ... is a set of plug-ins that turn eclipse into a Java-IDE

‣ JDT comprises of:★ Java editor with syntax highlighting, code-completion,

templates, refactorings, navigation, ...★Package explorer★ Java specific views for

★ documentation★ debugging★ type-hierarchies★ outline

★ Java search★ Java builder

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Java Projects

‣ A Java project is a special project.

‣ A Java project contains:★ source folders with your sources★ other folders and files you add (e.g. jars, ant-scripts, etc.)★ the compiled .class-files (hidden)★ references to used libraries

‣ Projects can be configured through a property editor★ Most configurations are projects specific changes to the global

eclipse wide configuration.★ Most important for java projects is the Java Build Path:

★ source folders and class folder★ dependencies (other Java projects you need resources from, e.g. classes)★ libraries (internal and external jars and system libraries)

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Anagrams, a Simple Programming Exercise

‣Dave Thomas (aka pragmatic Dave) defines Code Katas as fundamental training exercises for programming: http://codekata.pragprog.com

‣Anagrams are sets of words that are made up from the same letters.

‣Problem: Find all anagrams in a list of words.

‣We use a small word list from Kevin's Word List Page(http://wordlist.sourceforge.net) as example.

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Write Java

‣Create Classes, Interfaces, and Package from the Project Explorer.

‣Use code-completion and templates with crtl-space.

‣Use refactorings from the refactor context-menu.

‣Use quick-fixes to deal with errors (crtl-1).

‣Generate code (e.g. getter and setter) from the source context-menu.

‣Organize imports from the source context-menu.

‣ Extract interface from the refactor context-menu.17

Read Java

‣Navigate with F3

‣Search for references and declarations

‣View type-hierarchies and call-hierachies with the context-menu

‣Use the outline-view

‣Use the Java search

‣Lookup Java-Doc with hovers

‣Mark Occurrences from the action bar18

Build and Run Java

‣Builds automatically for simple project configurations.

‣Run from the context-menu.

‣Look at run-configurations from the action bar and change the arguments.

‣Add an external .jar library to your project.

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Debug Java

‣ Use debug instead of run.

‣ Add breakpoints.

‣ Switch to the debug-perspective as offered.

‣ Step-in, step-over, step-return, and resume (F5-F8)

‣ Look at variables in the variable view.

‣ Inspect expressions from the context-menu.

‣ Use the expressions view (show view first from the Window menu).

‣ Add exception break points.

‣ Switch frames in the debug view.

‣ Use “hot-deploy” (i.e. change the code and save it while running).

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Testing with JUnit

‣Create a test-case from the Package Explorer.

‣Run the test-case from the context menu.

‣Navigate through failing test from the JUnit view.

‣Debug a test-case from the context menu.

‣ Inspect run-/debug-configurations for JUnit.

‣Run all test-cases in a project from the Package Explorer.

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Version Control (with SVN)

‣ Install subversive, using the eclipse Marketplace★ use the latest “pure Java” svn connector

‣ Open the repositories view and create a new repository.

‣ Share a project via the Package Explorer. Notices the differences in the Package Explorer’s resource presentation.

‣ Change a file and compare it with the latest version from the repository via the Package Explorer.

‣ Use the comparison editor to revert changes.

‣ Commit your changes via the Package Explorer.

‣ Explore the history view.22

beyond Java programming

Popular Official Eclipse Projects

http://www.eclipse.org/projects/listofprojects.php

‣ Eclipse Platform, JDT, PDE

‣ Eclipse Modeling Project★ Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF)

★ EMF★ EMF compare★ relational database mappings

★ Graphical Modeling Framework★ Xtext★ Model-2-Model and Model-2-Text★ UML/OCL tools

‣ Mylyn task management

‣ Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

‣ Languages: C/C++, Python, Scala

‣ Eclipse Web Tools Platform★ J2EE★ Javascript★ XML★ Web Services

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Popular Non-Eclipse Products

‣diverse UML and other modeling plug-ins (just search the Marketplace)

‣Google Plug-in (http://code.google.com/eclipse/):★Google Web Toolkit★Google App Engine★Android programming

‣Spring’s Source Tool Suite (http://www.springsource.com/developer/sts)★ J2EE★Grails

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Install new plug-ins.

‣ the eclipse Marketplace

‣ the traditional way★Update sites (identified by URLs) provide plug-ins via

HTTP.★Eclipse update site provides all plug-ins of the various

official eclipse projects.★Update-sites of third party vendors can be added and their

plug-ins installed.

‣ install plug-ins manually★Eclipse manages plugins (typically as .jars and .zips) in its

internal folder structure.26

extending eclipse

Eclipse is ...

‣ ... not a monolithic piece of software

‣ ... an extendable platform

‣ ... a collection of plug-ins★ all functionally we saw is deployed in a plug-in

‣ ... a hierarchy of plugins★ plug-ins use each other (plug-in dependencies)★ eclipse has “abstract” plug-in (e.g. the team plug-ins) therefore

all specific plug-ins (e.g. JDT/CDT, CVS/subclipse) have the same look and feel

‣ ... is a Rich Client Platform (RCP) for developing non-eclipse rich clients

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Bundles and Plug-ins

two mechanisms:

‣Equinox(OSGi)-based bundles

‣eclipse plug-ins

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Equinox Bundles

‣What happens when different vendors program code running in the same JVM?★ different classes with same package and name collide★ same classes in different versions with same package name collide★ when one vendor wants to use classes of another it is not clear

which class one intends to use

‣What is the solution?★ classes are organized in bundles★ each bundle gets its own class loader that only sees the classes in

that bundle★ bundles can use other bundles and user their classes: class loaders

of dependent bundles are used when the own class loader does not find a used class

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Eclipse plug-ins

‣Plug-ins define extension points and use extension points creating extensions.

‣Popular extension points are:★commands★editor★popup-menu additions★property pages★views★project builders★additions to the help system

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Writing your own plug-ins

‣Steep learning curve due to numerous techniques and existing plug-ins:★plug-in and bundle mechanisms★SWT★ JFace★views, editors, property views

‣How to succeed?★Use how-tos and tutorials.★Apply “monkey sees, monkey does”.★Use similar, existing plug-ins as starting points.

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Writing RCPs

‣RCPs are build from features, features are build from plug-ins

‣Typically a mix of existing eclipse plug-ins and your own plug-ins.

‣Of course you finally define splash screen and about box.

‣Eclipse can build binaries for all platforms (cross platform development).

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Popular Frameworks for Writing Plug-ins

‣Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF)

‣Graphical Editing Framework (GEF)

‣Graphiti

‣based on EMF★GMF★Xtext

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Write a Plug-in

‣ install the Platform Development Environment (PDE)

‣create a plug-in and use an extension wizzard

‣ inspect the generated code

‣ run the plug-in

‣modify and re-run the plug-in

‣ learn more about plug-in writing and deployment:★http://www.vogella.de/articles/EclipsePlugIn/article.html

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further reading

Books

‣ “Eclipse”, Steve Holzner, O’Reilly

‣ “Programmieren mit Eclipse 3: Universelle Entwicklungsplattform für Java, PHP, C/C++, SQL, XML, XSLT, XSL-FO, JSP, Servlets, JEE, UML, HTML, CSS, JavaScript”, Michael Seeboerger-Weichselbaumm, mitp

‣ “Eclipse Plug-ins”, Eric Clayberg and Dan Rubel, Addison-Wesley

‣ “EMF - Eclipse Modeling Framework”, Dave Steinberg et al., Addison-Wesley

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Internet Resources

‣http://help.eclipse.org/indigo/index.jsp

‣http://www.eclipse.org/articles/

‣http://wiki.eclipse.org

‣http://eclipse.org/projects/

‣http://www.planeteclipse.org/planet/

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