E C H I N O D E R M A T A

Emilia Atanassova

Antoaneta Stefanova

Elena Tatarova

10/1

http://th02.deviantart.net/fs40/300W/i/2009/044/f/4/Sea__s_Dreams_by_minica.jpg

http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/uploads/RTEmagicC_Sea_Cucumber_small.jpg.jpg

NAME AND SYMMETRY (14) Echino- (phylum name

– from Greek – “spiny”) + dermata (from Greek – derma = “skin”)

Marine invertabrates Hard spiny covering Calcite skeleton Echinoderm larvae –

ciliated; bilateral symmetry

Evolve in pentaradially symmetry

Five – rayed radial body symmetry

http://irati.pnte.cfnavarra.es/cpsadrw/la_voz_menuda/blogs/media/blogs/ingles/seastar.jpg

CLADOGRAM AND DERIVED CHARACTERISTICS

• kingdom Animalia (9)• clade Deuterostomia (9)• deuterostomes - common ancestor with

humans-at least 558 MYA (before Cambrian explosion)(9)

• common to other phylum Chordata (9)• Five arms, connected to a central disc (2)• Ambulacral groove – groove through which

food is conveyed from rays to mouth (1)• Water vascular system (2)

REPRODUCTION(2,3,4)

Males and females -> release gametes Do not “look after their children Reproducing also by splitting (regeneration)

http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2003-04/1049909519.Zo.1.jpg

DIGESTION (16, 17) Food is taken through the mouth (located in

the bottom of the organism) (16) Food goes to the esophagus (16) Two stomachs – cardiac and pyloric (16) First in the cardiac stomach (16) Ability to take their cardiac stomach out (by

opening a valve) (16) Next food is digested in the pyloric stomach

(16) Intestines and digestive glands; Excreted

through anus (16) Herbivores, Scavengers, Predators, Detritus

(17)

MOVEMENT (9,13)

water vascular system

Tube feet also used for…digestion,feeding,gas exchange

Water –> shapes the star and “makes a foot”

Muscles retract the foot

http://images.google.bg/imgres?imgurl=http://irati.pnte.cfnavarra.es/cpsadrw/la_voz_menuda/blogs/media/blogs/ingles/blueseastar.jpg&imgrefurl=http://irati.pnte.cfnavarra.es/cpsadrw/la_voz_menuda/blogs/index.php/2009/02/18/sea-star%3Fblog%3D35&usg=__oHQspiqkKUD8hcP-yLa0W1xKVkw=&h=450&w=600&sz=172&hl=bg&start=19&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=2Ez92fpXBd3bHM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsea%2Bstar%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dbg%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1T4SKPB_enBG328BG328%26tbs%3Disch:1

ALL TYPES OF ECHINODERMATA (14)

6,000 existing species 6 main classes1. Crinoidea – feather stars and sea lilies2. Asteroidea – starfishes3. Ophiuroidea – brittle stars and basket stars4. Echinoidea – sea urchins5. Concentricycloidea – sea daisies6. Holothuroidea – sea cucumbers

BRITTLE STAR 1,600 species Ophiuroids – “snake

stars” – long flexible arms and disk-shaped body

Move by wriggling their arms (Skeleton of calcium carbonate)

From Arctic and Antarctic to the tropics

Deeper Water Salt water Scavengers

http://images.google.bg/imgres?imgurl=http://clem.mscd.edu/~churchcy/BIO3200/outline/animalia/brittle.jpg&imgrefurl=http://clem.mscd.edu/~churchcy/BIO3200/outline/animalia/echinodermata.htm&usg=__BfC64QOlmljzlO4YztHZBLmfdFM=&h=230&w=190&sz=23&hl=bg&start=6&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=yrG2Aq3WqI146M:&tbnh=108&tbnw=89&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbrittle%2Bstar%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dbg%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1T4SKPB_enBG328BG328%26tbs%3Disch:1

SAND DOLLAR ECHINARACHNIUS EXENTRICUS (5, 6)

Velvet, blue coloring Secondary billateral symmetry Flat(why?) Food menu:larvae, algae, and any tiny

particles of food that float in water Part of food menu to: sea stars, cod, and

other bottom feeding fish http://www.mccoyphoto.com/sand-dollar-surf.jpg

SEA CUCUMBER - SYNAPTA MACULATA (11,10)

Classification: Biota > Animalia (Kingdom) > Echinodermata (Phylum) > Echinozoa (Subphylum) > Holothuroidea (Class) > Apodida (Order) > Synaptidae (Family) > Synapta (Genus) (10)

largest species (10,11) can reach up to 5 m long (11) Grey, brown coloring (10) lives in Indo-west Pacific ocean in depths from 0 to 20m (10)

http://animalreview.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/sea-cucumber.jpg

HUMAN USES (12)

Food-soups (sea cucumbers;bêche-de-

mer)- sea urchins sex organs’ -> delicasy

in Japan, Chile, some parts of EuropeMedicine-not many discoveries-believed to ameliorate tumors Jewelry and SouvenirsKill fishResearch

WORK CITED1) http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/Departments/InvertPaleo/Trenton/

Intro/PaleoPage/Terminology&Morphology/Terminology&Morphology.htm

2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoderm3) http://tolweb.org/Echinodermata4) http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Echinodermata5) http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/echi

noderm/Sanddollarprintout.shtml

6) http://echinoblog.blogspot.com/2009/01/what-are-those-holes-in-sand-dollars.html

7) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Keyhole_sand_dollar_01.jpg

8) http://www.wildabouttheworld.com/gallery/data/507/sand-dollar.jpg

9) biology textbook 10) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?

p=taxdetails&id=21097411) http://tolweb.org/Holothuroidea12) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/177910/

echinoderm/25730/Relation-to-human-life13) http://www.mbgnet.net/salt/coral/animals/echinod.htm14) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/177910/

echinoderm15) http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/

ophiuroidea.html16) http://echinodermsg.blogspot.com/2007/04/digestion.html17) http://library.thinkquest.org/28751/review/animals/7.html