March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 11

ECET 581/CPET/ECET 499ECET 581/CPET/ECET 499 Mobile Computing Technologies & AppsMobile Computing Technologies & Apps

Mobile Device Connectivity Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols Protocols

1 of 31 of 3

Lecture 14Lecture 14

Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering TechnologyElectrical and Computer Engineering TechnologyIndiana University-Purdue University Fort WayneIndiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 22

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols Wireless ProtocolsWireless Protocols

• WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)• WML (Wireless Markup Language)WML (Wireless Markup Language)• BluetoothBluetooth• OBEX (Object Exchange)OBEX (Object Exchange)• WBXMLWBXML• Mobile Internet ProtocolsMobile Internet Protocols

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 33

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)

• WAP Forum, WAP Forum, http://www.wapforum.org/http://www.wapforum.org/

• WAP 2.0, WAP 2.0, http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/wap/whttp://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/wap/wapindex.htmlapindex.html

• Integrates telephony services with browser Integrates telephony services with browser

technology, interactive Internet access for mobile technology, interactive Internet access for mobile handsetshandsets

• Typical WAP applicationsTypical WAP applications Over-the-air e-commerce transactions, online Over-the-air e-commerce transactions, online

banking, information provisioning, and messagingbanking, information provisioning, and messaging• WAP 2.0 Technical White paper, WAP 2.0 Technical White paper, www.www.wapwap

forum.org/what/forum.org/what/WAPWAPWhite_Paper1.pdfWhite_Paper1.pdf

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 44

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP 2.0 WAP 2.0

http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/wap/wapindex.htmlhttp://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/wap/wapindex.html

• Architecture Architecture • Client IDClient ID• Client ProvisioningClient Provisioning• External Functional Interface (EFI)External Functional Interface (EFI)• General FormatsGeneral Formats• Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS)Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS)• PersistencePersistence• PushPush

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 55

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP 2.0WAP 2.0

• SynchronizationSynchronization• User Agent ProfileUser Agent Profile• Wireless Application EnvironmentWireless Application Environment• Wireless ProtocolsWireless Protocols• Wireless SecurityWireless Security• Wireless Telephony Application (WTA)Wireless Telephony Application (WTA)

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 66

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Architecture (client)WAP Architecture (client)

• Application Layer (WAE)Application Layer (WAE)• Session Layer (WSP)Session Layer (WSP)• Transaction Layer (WTP)Transaction Layer (WTP)• Security Layer (WTLS)Security Layer (WTLS)• Transport Layer (WDP)Transport Layer (WDP)• Bearers (Lowest Transport mechanism)Bearers (Lowest Transport mechanism)

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 77

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Architecture (client): Bearers (Lowest WAP Architecture (client): Bearers (Lowest

Transport mechanism)Transport mechanism)• GSM (Global System for Mobile GSM (Global System for Mobile

Communications)Communications)• CDMACDMA• IPIP• UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication

System)System)

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 88

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Architecture (client): Transport Layer WAP Architecture (client): Transport Layer

(WDP)(WDP)• Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)• Wireless Control Message Protocol (WCMP)Wireless Control Message Protocol (WCMP)

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 99

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Architecture (client): Transaction WAP Architecture (client): Transaction

Layer (WTP)Layer (WTP)• Equivalent of the TCP layer in the IP stack)Equivalent of the TCP layer in the IP stack)• Class 0 – unreliable one-way messages without Class 0 – unreliable one-way messages without

confirmation confirmation • Class 1 – reliable one-way message without Class 1 – reliable one-way message without

result messages (push Short Message Services)result messages (push Short Message Services)• Class 2 – reliable two-way request-response Class 2 – reliable two-way request-response

messages (confirmation, result of a query) messages (confirmation, result of a query)

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 1010

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Architecture (client): Session Layer WAP Architecture (client): Session Layer

(WSP)(WSP)• Connection-Oriented services based on WTPConnection-Oriented services based on WTP• Supports HTTP 1.1 functionality and semantics Supports HTTP 1.1 functionality and semantics

in a binary-encoded formatin a binary-encoded format

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 1111

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Architecture (client): Application WAP Architecture (client): Application

Layer (WAE) environmentLayer (WAE) environment• Micro-browserMicro-browser• Displaying WML pagesDisplaying WML pages• Executing WML scriptExecuting WML script

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 1212

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP InfrastructureWAP Infrastructure

• Mobile clientMobile client• A public land mobile network (GMS, etc)A public land mobile network (GMS, etc)• A public telephony networkA public telephony network• A WAP gatewayA WAP gateway

Protocol conversionProtocol conversion Content encodingContent encoding

• An IP networkAn IP network• A WAP application server A WAP application server

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 1313

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP ProfileWAP Profile

• Homepage: Homepage: http://x.yy.xx.xyz/homepage.wmlhttp://x.yy.xx.xyz/homepage.wml • Connection typeConnection type• Connection securityConnection security• BearerBearer• Dial-up numberDial-up number• IP addressIP address• Authentication typeAuthentication type• Data call typeData call type• Data call speedData call speed• User nameUser name• PasswordPassword

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 1414

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Security issueWAP Security issue

• End-to-end securityEnd-to-end security• Missing security authenticationMissing security authentication• Unauthenticated OTP (On-the-Air Provisioning)Unauthenticated OTP (On-the-Air Provisioning)• Missing Public Key InfrastructureMissing Public Key Infrastructure

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 1515

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols Wireless Markup LanguageWireless Markup Language

• An XML markup languageAn XML markup language• WML deckWML deck

A unit transferred from the application or content A unit transferred from the application or content server to the mobile deviceserver to the mobile device

March 12, 2007March 12, 2007 1616

Mobile Device Connectivity ProtocolsMobile Device Connectivity Protocols Wireless Markup LanguageWireless Markup Language

<?xml version=“1.0”><?xml version=“1.0”>

<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC “-//WAPFORUM// DTD <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC “-//WAPFORUM// DTD WML 1.1// EN” WML 1.1// EN” http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xmlhttp://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml”>”>

<wml><wml>

<card id=“card1” title=“sample”><card id=“card1” title=“sample”>

<p> <p> Hello World! </p>Hello World! </p>

</card></card>

</wml></wml>