ECE 2221 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMSstaff.iium.edu.my/sigit/ece2221/pdf/00 Course Introduction.pdf · requisite course to communication engineering and ... Three Areas of System Studies ECE

E C E 2 2 2 1

S I G N A L S A N D S Y S T E M S

ECE 2221 Signals and Systems, Sem 3 2010/2011, Dr. Sigit Jarot

1

Outline

� Course Objectives

� Learning Outcomes

� Course Synopsis

� Text and Supporting Books

� Course Instructor, Contact Info, Schedule

� Assessment and Previous Data

Course Objectives

Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 3

To provide an analysis skill of the continuous-time signals and systems as reflected to their roles in

engineering practice.

To expose students to both the time-domain and frequency-domain methods of analyzing signals and systems.

To illustrate the potential applications of this course as a Pre-requisite course to communication engineering and principles,

digital signal processing and control system.

OBE (Outcome Based Education)Learning Outcomes


Classify, characterize and conduct basic operations of signals and systems.

Analyze continuous-time signals and systems in time domain using convolution.

Analyze continuous-time signals and systems in frequency domain using Laplace transform.

Analyze continuous-time signals and systems in frequency domain using Fourier series and Fourier transform.

Acquire introductory-level knowledge of discrete-time signals and systems, and sampling theory.

Work in group to perform basic simulation of signals and systems analysis.

After completion of this course the students will be able to:

Course Synopsis


Introduction to Signals

Introduction to Systems

Time-Domain Analysis of Continuous-Time Systems

Frequency-Domain System Analysis: the Laplace Transform

MID-TERM Examination

Signals Analysis using the Fourier Series

Signals Analysis using the Fourier Transform

Introduction to Discrete Time Signals and Systems Analysis

FINAL Examination

Text Book and Recommended Books


Required:- A.J. Stuller (2008). An Introduction to Signals and Systems,

Thomson.

Recommended:� Lathi BP. (2004), Linear Systems and Signals, Oxford.� Lathi BP. (2000), Signal Processing and Linear Systems, Oxford.� Oppenheim (1996), Signals and Systems , Prentice-Hall.� Haykin S (2002), Signals and Systems, John-Wiley.� Hsu H (1995), Schaum’s Outlines Signals and Systems 2nd Edition,

McGrawHill.� Karu Z (1995), Signals and Systems Made Ridiculously Simple, McGrawHill.

New Books with Matlab


Inspiring Message from Imam Shafii


IntelligenceIntelligenceIntelligenceIntelligence

Strong WillStrong WillStrong WillStrong Will

DiligenceDiligenceDiligenceDiligence

PatiencePatiencePatiencePatience

Sufficient MeansSufficient MeansSufficient MeansSufficient Means

Befriend Your TeacherBefriend Your TeacherBefriend Your TeacherBefriend Your Teacher

You will not acquire knowledge unless you have 6 (SIX) THINGS

Course Instructor

Sigit JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 9

� Name : DR. Sigit Puspito Wigati Jarot� Email : [email protected] Ext:4534� Office : E1-2.13.12

� Education Background:� 1994-1998 B.Eng, Keio University, Japan� 1998-2000 M.Eng, Keio University, Japan� 2000-2003 PhD, Keio University, Japan

� Professional Experience:� 2000-2003 Research Associate Broadband Mobile Research Project, Keio University

� 2003-2008 Member of Research Staff Nokia Research Center, Japan

� Feb 2008 Assistant Professor IIUM, Engineering, Dept ECE

Contact Info


� Name : DR. Sigit Puspito Wigati Jarot

� Email : [email protected] [email protected]

� Web : http://staff.iium.edu.my/sigit/

� Yahoo-ID : spwjarot

� Skype-ID : sigitjarot

� Phone : 03-6196-4534

� Mobile : 013-339-5160

� Office : E1.2.12-13 (near the Kulliyah Office)

Method of Evaluation


Quizzes15% Assignments

10%

Mid-term Exam25%

Final Exam50%

Evaluation

Method of Evaluation


Quizzes

Assignments

Mid-term Exam

Final Exam

• small check points• once per chapter• sometimes without pre-announcement

• exposure of basic problems exercises• exposure of simulation exercises• once per chapter• cooperation is highly encouraged

• a major check point • once per semester• good chance to obtain high CAM

depth & critical

• the last check point & positioning• 80% of course outline• 60-70% after midterm• 30-40-30% distribution;

• 30% easy: general concept• 40% moderate: relevant topics• 30% difficult: in-depth & critical

Average Marks in Previous Semesters


Sem 2 - 07/08

Sem 3 - 07/08

Sem 1 - 08/09

Sem 2 - 08/09

MAX

0

50

100

8

7.6

5.8

4.52

10

16

15.2

14.6

15.17

20

16.2

20.5

21.1

13.35

30

22.1

16.4

21.2

16.6740

Quiz Assign Mid Final

Marks Distributions


A0%

A-4%

B+3%

B11%

B-20%

C+21%

C20%

D7%

D-14%

08/09 Sem 2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

A A- B+ B B- C+ C D D-

A, 0

A-, 3B+, 2

B, 7

B-, 13C+, 14

C, 13

D, 5

D-, 9

08/09 Sem 2

ECE 2221 Short Semester Schedule (tentative)

Week 1: Introduction

-

Course Introduction,

Signals Operations

Classification and

Representation of Signals

Week 2: Time-Domain Analysis

System Classifications

System Representation by Differential

Equation

Convolution Intergral

Week 3: Laplace

Transform

Bilateral Laplace Transform

Unilateral Laplace

Transform

Inverse Laplace Transform

Week 4: Fourier Series

Fouries Series

Week 5: Fourier

Transform

Fourier Transform

Week 6: Applications

Applications

Week 7: Sampling and Wrap-

Up

…

…

…

Short semester Weekly Schedule

Monday:

• Last Week Review Quiz• Intro to New Topic• Sub Topic 1

Wednesday:

• Sub Topic 2

Thursday:

• Sub Topic 3• Topic Summary

Weekend:

• Assignment• MATLAB Assignment

2008© Thomson Engineering, a division of Thomson Learning Inc.

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Chapter 1:Introduction

What is a Signal ?

� Signals are functions of independent variables that carry information.

� For example:

� Electrical signals ---voltages and currents in a circuit

� Acoustic signals ---audio or speech signals (analog or digital)

� Video signals ---intensity variations in an image (e.g. a CAT scan)

� Biological signals ---sequence of bases in a gene

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What is a signal?

A signal is formally defined as a function of one or more variables that conveys information on the nature of a physical phenomenon.

What is a system?

Block diagram representation of a system.

A system is formally defined as an entity that manipulates one or more signals to accomplish a function, thereby yielding new signals.

Signals and Systems


� SIGNAL� A set of data or information.� A function or sequence of values that represents information.� A function of one or more variables (e.g. time, frequency, space,..) that conveys

information on the nature of a physical phenomenon.

� SYSTEM� A system is an entity that processes a set of signals (inputs) to yield another sets of

signals (outputs)

SystemInputSignal

OutputSignal

Three Areas of System Studies


Mathematical modeling ��

• How to model signals and systems behavior using mathematical representation and formulations.

Analysis ��

• How to determine the systems outputs for the given inputs and a given mathematical model of the system (or rules governing the system)

Design ��

• How to construct a system that will produce a desired set of outputs for the given inputs.

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Figure 1.1 – Singer performing on stage.

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Figure 1.2 – Offline processing of audio.

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Figure 1.3 – Block diagram for Figure 1.1.

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Figure 1.4 – Flow graph for Figure 1.1.

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Figure 1.5 – Block diagram for Figure 1.2.

Signal Analysis in Biomedical Engineering27

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain

Signal Analysis in Biomedical Engineering28

Electrocardiography (ECG) is a transthoracic interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over time captured and externally recorded by skin electrodes

Ultrasonography (USG)29

SigInt : Signals Intelligence30

Application of Signal Analysis31

Fourier Analysis32

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Introduction

◆◆◆◆ Important examples of biological signal:

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG)

2. Electroencephalogram (EEG)Fig. 1-9

Figure 1.9 (p. 13)The traces shown in (a), (b), and (c) are three examples of EEG signals recorded from the hippocampus of a rat. Neurobiological studies suggest that the hippocampus plays a key role in certain aspects of learning and memory.

ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 34

In Reality

• Information in the form of:• Audio• Video• Text, etc

Model

• Mathematical representation

• Graphical representation

Dial Start-up Answer

Waveforms and Data Sequences

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� We work with two kind of signals:

� Waveforms x(t), y(t)

� Data sequences x[n], y[n]

� Signal can be classified into:

� Continuous-time (CT) signals

� Discrete-time (DT) signals

Some Useful Signal Operations:Time scaling

ECE 2221 Signals and Systems

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� If a signal x(t) is compressed in time by a factor of 2, denoted as y(t), it means whatever happens in x(t) at some instant t also happens in y(t), at the instant t/2.

� Therefore

)()2

( txt

y =

)2()( txty =

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Time Reversal

Reflection:

( ) ( )y t x t= − The signal y(t) represents a reflected version of x(t) about t = 0.

Ex. 1-3 Consider the triangular pulse x(t) shown in Fig. 1-22(a). Find the reflected version of x(t) about the amplitude axis (i.e., the origin).

<Sol.> Fig.1-22(b).

Figure 1.22 (p. 28)Operation of reflection: (a) continuous-time signal x(t) and (b) reflected version of x(t) about the origin.

1 2( ) 0 for and x t t T t T= < − >

1 2( ) 0 for and y t t T t T= > < −t0 > 0 ⇒⇒⇒⇒ shift toward right

t0 < 0 ⇒⇒⇒⇒ shift toward left

Some Useful Signal Operations:Time shifting

ECE 2221 Signals and Systems

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� If a signal x(t) is delayed by Tseconds, denoted as y(t), it means whatever happens in x(t) at some instant t also happens in y(t), T second later at the instant t + T.

� Therefore

)()( txTty =+)()( Ttxty −=

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Figure 1.6 – Example of time shift:(a) original waveform;(b) time-shifted waveform

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Figure 1.7 – Shift for sequence:(a) original data;(b) shifted data.

Next Lecture41

� Basic Signal Operations

� Classifications of Signals

� Classifications of Systems

Documents

ECE 2221 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMSstaff.iium.edu.my/sigit/ece2221/pdf/00 Course Introduction.pdf · requisite course to communication engineering and ... Three Areas of System Studies ECE