SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTTHE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION - ECDIS ECDIS

An Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a computer-based navigation system that complies with IMO Regulations.

It can be used as an alternative to paper navigation charts. It Integrates a variety of real-time information. It is an automated decision aid capable of continuously determining a vessels position in relation to land, charted objects, navigation aids and unseen hazards.

IMO RESOLUTION FOR MANDATORY ECDISA scaled implementation of ECDIS will see it become a mandatory fit on a range of vessels by 2018

New Ships (Keel laying date)2012-07-01: Passenger Ships (> 500GT)2012-07-01: Oil Tankers (>3000 GT)2013-07-01: Other ships (> 10 000 GT)2014-07-01: Other ships (>3000 GT)SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTExisting Ships (Not later than 1st survey on/after)2014-07-01: Passenger Ships (> 500GT)2015-07-01: Oil tankers (> 3000 GT)2016-07-01: Other Ships (> 50 000 GT)2017-07-01: Other Ships (>20 000 GT)2018-07-01: Other Ships (> 10 000 GT)no retro-fitting for ships < 10 000 GTTHE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION - ECDIS

ECDIS consists of following type of charts,RASTER ChartsDigital version of Paper charts, made by scanning process.

VECTOR Charts ENCRepresents individual chart features with points, lines & polygons. Information are in layers, hence can be displayed selectively.

SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION

Components of ECDIS.

SENC Information A database in the manufacturers internal ECDIS format. Equivalent of an updated paper chart

Navigation related information inputs from various navigational equipment such as echosounder, log, gyro, autopilot, GMDSS equipment

Position Systems Receiver GPS and DGPSSAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION

CAN SHIPS SAIL WITHOUT PAPER CHARTS ?

YES! provided;

The ECDIS onboard is type approved for primary navigation system.

Second ECDIS system is provided as a backup and connected to an independent sourceof power supply.

Both the ECDIS onboard possess a full complement of ENCs for the intended voyage.

The officers using the ECDIS System are suitably trained in ECDIS Operations.

SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION

BENEFITS OF ECDIS Allows the Master to focus on making the decisions in a timely and a controlled manner. The most efficient way of updating charts. Improves visual representation Combines a number of navigation technologies, including ARPA and AIS, giving navigators an integrated presentation of vital navigational information. Automates the tracking and presentation of present course and heading in (approximately) real-time. SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION

Caution !!!!!!!ECDIS is a complex tool. If used improperly by inadequately trained personnel it can lead to disastrous consequences.SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION

CASE STUDY CFL PERFORMER SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION The planned route took the vessel across Haisborough Sand, where the charted depth of water was considerably less than the vessels draught It is clear that this route was not adequately checked for navigational hazards either when planned or during passage Bridge watch keeping officers had not been trained on ECDISMany of the systems features which could have prevented this accident were not utilizedCFL Performer, ran aground on Haisborough Sand off the east coast of England at 1619 hrs on 12 May 2008 CFL Performer was on a loaded passage and was grounded about 29 minutes after the OOW had adjusted course to follow the passage plan shown on ECDIS.ECDIS was the primary source of Navigation

CASE STUDY CFL PERFORMER SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENT

CASE STUDY CFL PERFORMER Vessels AIS track over Haisborough SandSAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTAground in Position52 54.123 N, 001 43.695 E1617 @ 6.9 kts1615 @ 9.3 kts1609 @ 11 kts

CHART DISPLAY INFORMATION - HAZARDS For example on this Paper chart \ ARCS scale 1:37500 hazards seenSAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENT

In this example of ENC Scale 1:90,000 no hazard information is visible on the displaySAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTCHART DISPLAY INFORMATION - HAZARDS

SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTCHART DISPLAY INFORMATION - HAZARDSIn this example of same ENC Scale 1:45,000 hazard information is visible on the display

An estimated 500,000 Mariners will require ECDIS training in the near future Training is part of the companys program including risk assessment, model course training and ship specific trainingECDIS TRAINING SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENT

Some of the functions susceptible to operator induced error

Display Mode ( Base, standard, extended standard)Display SelectionScale SelectionAccuracy PatternsContour SelectionRoute Planning & Route MonitoringAlarm Setting and Look AheadScamin (Scale minimum)SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION

BaseOtherStandardSAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTDISPLAY MODES ON ECDIS

SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION SELECTION OF INFORMATION LAYERS ON ECDIS BY OPERATOR All information display selectedStandard display selected

SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION SELECTION OF SCALE OVERSCALE alarm is activated and chart is shadedChart scale is optimised

SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION CLUTTER ON CHART DUE TO SELECTION OF WRONG LAYER (Accuracy pattern)

SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION Examples of S-57 Settings by Operator for Anti Grounding Alarm activationDeep Contour 20m Safety Contour 14mShallow Contour 5mSafety Depth 18mDeep Contour 30m Safety Contour 14mShallow Contour 10mSafety depth 18m12

Route planning

ECDIS calculates chart alarms using user defined off track or channel limits for the route selected.

Danger areas within the channel limits are shaded red if the safety contour or selected danger areas are crossed. SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION A plan does not have to be free of warnings or alarms to allow it to be saved and monitored. The leg that is not within the set safety parameters is shaded red

SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION Setting of Look Ahead Zone by Operator See Alarm Settings which have to be correctly set to ensure ECDIS alerts the operator when in danger only if the option is checkedSpot the difference when Alarm setting is unchecked

SCAMIN (Scale Minimum)SCAMIN is a powerful tool and mariners should be aware that they could significantly reduce the amount of information displayed. With SCAMIN applied caution should be exercised because some spatial objects may not be included within SCAMIN, these are:Objects covering the earth's surface (e.g. coastlines), Objects used for presentation of the Display Base, Meta objects that ensure consistency of ENC information.SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION SCAMINOFFON

Chart Symbols & Presentation displaysTraditionalSimplifiedSAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION

ConclusionECDIS provides a number of additional planning functions and features

ECDIS makes voyage planning easier however it is still possible to make errors, these errors are likely to be of a different type compared to paper charts.

Voyage plan must be discussed with the Bridge Team in advance so that they are prepared for the intended voyage.

Officers should be cautioned not to put too much trust on the display. It is essential that officers remember to cross check the information displayed by all other means available; especially by looking out the window and watching the radar!

Properly trained navigation officers should determine what is appropriate in terms of alarms and navigation parameters according to the characteristics of the vessel and other prevailing conditions.SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIESEXECUTIVE SHIP MANAGEMENTECDIS THE FUTURE OF e-NAVIGATION