eBLJ Art 4 2003 TO PRINT

1 eBLJ 2003,Article 4

Confiscated Nazi Books in the British LibraryA. D. Harvey

The British Library possesses eleven or twelve thousand books seized from German librariesand institutions between June 1944, when Anglo-American forces invaded western Europe,and 1947.1 Nearly half the confiscated books came from a single library, that of the GermanArmy’s Kriegsschule at Hanover, and were offered to the British Museum, the institution ofwhich the present British Library was then a part, by Brigadier H. B. Latham on behalf ofthe Joint Intelligence Committee of the Cabinet and the Minister of Defence in July 1946.2There is no circumstantial record of how the other books reached the British Museum. Theearliest date stamps show February 1946 but many volumes have been stamped at a laterperiod with a stamp set to show no date. Some items were still being catalogued in 1997.

Apart from the books from the Kriegsschule at Hanover, known in the British Library as the Hanover Military Library, about ten per cent of the confiscated books received stamps– sometimes more than one – from institutions which housed them prior to their arrival in Britain. These show that the books came from three main sources. First, there are books seized during the military campaign in western Europe – i.e. before 8 May 1945.Throughout the twentieth century it was routine procedure for invading armies to lay hands on all documentation found at enemy command posts, headquarters and administrative offices, in order for it to be analysed for intelligence purposes.At least one item now in the British Library (shelfmark 08072.d.98) bears the stamp Captured Document … Third U.S. Infantry Div: Document Section, with spaces for Location: Capt. Unit: Date-Time: Translated not filled in.3 Another item(X.808/39166) has two stamps: 27 AUG 1944 and 563 Sig.AW Bn, the latter being a U.S.Army communications unit.4 Such items were forwarded to Paris, where they were stamped:

Return to Supreme Headquarters

Document Center19 Ave. d’Iena, Paris (fig.1.)

1 I am grateful to P. R. Harris, and John Hopson, British Library Archivist, for background information and toGraham Nattrass, Head of the British Library’s German Section, for help and advice throughout.

2 British Museum Archives: Report to Trustees 12 Oct. 1946.3 The Third U.S. Infantry Division was a unit withdrawn from the Italian front and landed in the south of

France in August 1943; later it operated in Alsace: see Donald G.Taggart, History of the Third Infantry Division:in World War II (Washington, 1947), passim.

4 This item — Hans Pflug, Donau und Donauraum, in the series Tornisterschriften des Oberkommandos derWehrmacht (issued for use within the Wehrmacht only), in very bad condition — is unusual in having, insteadof a Document Center stamp, a notation in crayon PID/OSS/PWD,i.e.Political Intelligence Department,Officeof Strategic Services, Political Warfare Department. The first and last of these organizations were off-shoots ofthe British Foreign Office, the second of the American State Department — which makes it something of a mystery who it could have been who marked the book with crayon.

Confiscated Nazi Books in the British Library


Fig.1. Englands Alleinschuld am Bombenterror (Berlin, 1943). BL 09101.c.36



The SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force) Document Centerseems to have become something of a dumping ground for books seized from Germanoffices in occupied France though it is likely that the books were regarded as of less value,from the military intelligence point of view, than a variety of typescript and manuscriptitems taken from German headquarters installations: on the other hand there was a largecivil affairs component at SHAEF and the stamp at least suggests routine circulationbetween offices of interesting items.

A couple of books with SHAEF stamps have pencilled notes indicating that they camefrom south-western Germany, an area invaded and later occupied by American forces.Other items bear the stamp of the Deutsche Akademie Lektorat Brüssel — a German-language reading room in Brussels presumably of pre-war origin; SHAEF’s copy of LudwigGessner, Der Zusammenbruch des Zweiten Reiches (9385.bb.26) bears the stamp (with officialNazi eagle and swastika) of the Direktor der Lehrerbildungsanstalt in Eupen, Eupen beinga German-speaking area of Belgium annexed to Germany 1940-1944. The commonestGerman stamp in SHAEF-stamped books however is that of the Deutsche Schule Bücherei(i.e. Library of the German School). This was an organization set up in Paris after theGerman occupation, presumably to encourage the teaching of the German language inFrench schools: a copy of the teacher’s notes for the Middle Level volumes of Fritz Rahn,Die Schule des Schreibens (Frankfurt, 1932 — British Library shelfmark 12964.n.17) containsthe stamp not only of the Deutsche Schule Bücherei but also that of the Deutsche Schul-Zirkel Paris and Jugend-Bücherei Deutsche Botschaft Paris (i.e. Juvenile Library of theGerman Embassy Paris). A copy of Gerhard Herrmann, Die Dardanellen (9088.a.17), aboutthe British defeat at Gallipoli in 1915, stamped Deutsche Leihbücherei der PropagandaAbteilung (German Lending Library of the Propaganda Department) was also probablyacquired in Paris.

A couple of items commandeered from the Deutsche Akademie Lektorat (or Mittelstelle)Paris did not receive a SHAEF stamp but were sent directly to the Political IntelligenceDepartment (an off-shoot of the Foreign Office) in London, being later passed on to theForeign Office Library, and from the Foreign Office Library to the British Museum.5

Secondly, there are a number of books seized in the months following the UnconditionalSurrender of Germany from libraries in the British Zone of Occupation.6 Whereas many ofthe books from the Deutsche Schule Bücherei in Paris were perfectly innocuous grammarbooks, or even dictionaries from the pre-Nazi era, which had been seized simply as part of theprocess of taking control of everything connected with the German military occupation ofFrance, the seizures in Germany all related to the process of denazification. Some of thelibraries involved were Nazi Party facilities or military institutions which the Allies aimed toliquidate in their entirety. A copy of Joseph Goebbels, Vom Kaiserhof zur Reichskanzlei(08072.d.99) bears the stamp Nationalsozialist. Deutsche Arbeitspartei Ortsgr.Vredenand a copy of Alfred Rosenberg, Kampf an die Macht (12302.a.41) is stamped HJ –Gebietsführerschule II (i.e. Hitler Youth District Leader School No. 2). Such partyinstitutions were a priority target for denazification procedures. The British occupation

5 For example 4572.ee.12 (Heinz Ballensiefen, Juden in Frankreich [1941]) and 8198.f.14 (Hermann Göring,Reden und Aufsätze, ed. Erich Gritzbach, 4th edn, 1940).

6 There are also some books from schools in the British Zone of Occupation in Vienna, e.g. 12557.pp.38 (HansFr. Blunck, Die Mär vom gottabtrünnigen Schiffer:Aus dem Roman „Berend Fock" [1933]: stamped Direktion derstaatlichen Oberschule für Jungen Wien 15. Braunschweigplatz 6) and 20011.f.8 (Ernst Krieck,Nationalpolitische Erziehung (1939), stamped Hagenbrunn: Allgemeine Volksschule der Stadt Wien 21:für Knaben u. Mädchen).



authorities may also have disliked the sound of the Aufklärungsausschuss Hamburg-Bremen(i.e. Enlightenment Committee Hamburg-Bremen) and the Hamburgisches Welt-Wirtschaft-Archiv (i.e.Hamburg Global Economics Archives) — or perhaps it was simply that their choiceof books was disapproved of — e.g. Heinrich Goitsch, Niemals (YA.1993.a.18322) a polemicagainst Germany’s ubiquitous and insatiate enemies concluding

Wir wollen frei sein, wie die Väter waren!Eher Tod als in der Knechtschaft leben!

and Wolfgang Höfler, Zur Struktur der jüdischen Weltmacht (On the Structure of Jewish WorldPower) (4035.d.13). There are also several books from the Naval School at Flensburg-Murwikstamped Kriegsmarine-Bücherei Marineschule: Flensburg-Murwik (fig. 2), including acopy of the eighth edition (1051.-1080.Tausend) of Hitler’s Speech at the 1938 Parteitag andStudien zur Geistesgeschichte der Freimaurerei (Studies in the Intellectual History of Freemasonry)by future Einsatzkommando leader (and publicity director of Porsche) Dr Franz Alfred Six.7There are a couple of items from Wehrkreisbücherei X, Hamburg (fig. 3). There are severalnotably innocuous items — novels, a civilian trade training manual etc. — stamped

Einheit L 3491Luftgau-Postamt

which seems to refer to some sort of lending library service for Luftwaffe personnel.8Books taken from schools in Germany are mainly but not exclusively ones that might be

regarded as politically undesirable — but a survey of the British Library’s stock suggests arandom operation involving no more than single visits to a minority of schools. There arebooks from at least three different schools in Bottrop, but all of them in the distinctiveformat of the Marholds Jugendbücher series, as if the people responsible for confiscatingthem were looking specifically for Marhold books. The only other town in the BritishZone where more than one schoolbook collection yielded books that ended up in theBritish Library was Braunschweig, and whereas the Marhold books from Bottrop were oninflammatory topics — Unsere Kolonien!, Ein Kampf für Deutschland, Männer unter Stahlhelmand so on — Braunschweig’s Hilfsbücherei der I. Oberschule für Mädchen was forced tosurrender a copy of The English Reader: Ausgabe für Mädchen in Ehlermann’s EnglischesUnterrichtswerk für Oberschulen series (12987.b.16) and the Schülerbücherei ofBraunschweig’s Lehrerbildungsanstalt was deprived of a copy of the Mittelstufe: Erstes Heft:Klasse 3 volume of Fritz Rahn, Schule des Schreibens (12964.n.7). Considering that therewere about three million secondary school children in the British Zone and that schoollibraries must have possessed between them not less than five million, and probably morethan ten million volumes, the thousand or so items from this source in the British Libraryhardly represents a major assault on German children’s reading material.

Municipal libraries also suffered, some items from the town library at Celle coming tothe British Museum via the Foreign Office, which stamped the cover and pasted in aprinted acquisition slip but did not fill in any details. After the British Army took over thesector of Berlin allotted to it, on 4 July 1945, books were removed from the municipal

7 Dr Six commanded Vorkommando Moskau in Einsatzgruppe B in 1941 and after the war was sentenced totwenty years in prison, of which he served four: see Benno Müller-Hill, ‘The Idea of the Final Solution andthe Role of Experts’, in David Cesarani (ed.), The Final Solution: Origins and Implementation (London, 1994),pp. 62-70, at pp. 66-7.

8 E.g. 10001.bbb.16, 012555.c.31, 012557.bb.4.



Fig 2. Fritz Otto Busch, Die japanische Kriegsmarine (Berlin, 1942). 9104.ff.1



Fig. 3.W. Hauschild, Die Gestalt des deutschen Offiziers (Berlin, 1944). YL.1990.a.776



libraries in Wilmersdorf and Charlottenburg.9 It is possible that not all the books seizedwere the actual property of the institutions where they were found. The British Librarycopy of Hjalmar Kutzleb, Geschichte des deutschen Volkes und seiner Vorfahren: von der Anfängenbis Kaiser Karl (9386.d.8/2) has no German library stamp but bears on the flyleaf theinscription in pencil in what is perhaps a child’s handwriting Mallon Kl.2a, and in pen, ina more grown-up script

Willi MallonRecklinghausen

Lerweg 34

Many of the books from the British Zone of Occupation bear a British stamp with foursub-divisions:

GroupSection

SubsectionNumber

with details filled in by hand, by someone who, judging by his way of forming 1s and 7s,was educated in Germany, though it would be difficult to ascertain, nearly sixty years later,whether this was a locally recruited civilian or one of the hundreds of German-born (andGerman-speaking) refugees who served with the British (and American) forces in theliberation of Europe: these stamps may even have been applied, and the details filled in, afterthe books arrived in London as some of the volumes formerly contained file cards(apparently intended for, or originating with, the Royal Institute of International Affairs)marked with spaces for Title,Author and Publisher, which have been filled in by someoneusing a typewriter without umlauts.

The third group of confiscated books come from other parts of Europe. An eight-volume set of training manuals, published to help soldiers return to civilian careers, some ofthem stamped M.N.O. Aarhus and Marinenachrichtenoffizier Aarhus (12216.aaa.16)were evidently taken away by British troops winding up German military installations inDenmark. A copy of Nazi agriculture minister Walther Darré’s Das Bauerntum als Lebensquellder Nordischen Rasse (08277.w.20) bearing the stamp Deutsche Schule in Lissabon waspresumably acquired when the Portuguese authorities handed over the German legation inLisbon to officials from the British and American embassies and the French legation on 7June 1945.10 There are also some books acquired from Soldatenheim III (i.e. Leave andRecreation Centre no. 3) in Jersey when the German occupation forces in the ChannelIslands surrendered to troops sent from England on 9 May 1945.11 These include memoirsof action in the 1914-18 war such as Werner Fürbringer Alarm! Tauchen!! U-Boot in Kampfund Sturm (X.808/33627) and Werner von Langsdorff, Flieger am Feind (X.808/33877),comic works like Josef Pestenhofer, Der ‘Drahtverhau’: und andere urbayerische Geschichten ausmeinem Kriegstagebuch (YA.1993.a.21772) and romantic novels like Karl von Möller,Spätsommer: eine Geschichte aus Wien (YA.1993.a.21514). All of these books seem to havebeen provided for the delectation of the Jersey occupation forces by way of the semi-compulsory collections the Nazi party used to organize to remind the German people of

9 E.g. 8837.h.48, 9082.a.33, 9366.bb.11.10 See The National Archives (PRO) FO 371/46757/C 3645, copy of Capt. F. C. Bradley, Naval Attaché,

Lisbon, to Director of Naval Intelligence, 23 June 1945. Portuguese Republican Guards had seized theGerman Legation and dependent facilities on 6 May 1945.

11 For the German surrender of the Channel Islands see Madeleine Bunting, The Model Occupation: the ChannelIslands under German Rule: 1940-1945 (London, 1995), p. 248.



how public-spirited they all were: Alarm! Tauchen!! is stamped Alfred Rosenberg-Spendefür die Deutsche Wehrmacht: Gau Danzig, Spätsommer; Der ‘Drahtverhau’ AlfredRosenberg-Spende für die Deutsche Wehrmacht 1939/41 (fig. 4); and Flieger amFeind Bücherspende der NSDAP für die Deutsche Wehrmacht KreisleitungGrafschaft Hoya (Gau Süd-Hann.-Braunschweig) (fig. 5). Again, the books theBritish Library has raise questions about the books it does not have. Soldatenheim III Jerseysuggests a Soldatenheim I and a Soldatenheim II on Jersey and at least one Soldatenheimon Guernsey — there were 36,000 German troops stationed in the Channel Islands — butthe only books to be found in the British Library are from Soldatenheim III Jersey.

Within the British Library all the books so far mentioned are customarily referred to ashaving come via Supreme Headquarters Paris but neither the surviving documentation northe physical evidence of the books themselves confirms this.

Other than a few books with the SHAEF stamp, the British Museum did not routinelyreceive items from occupation zones other than the British; the Library’s copy of GenuSoalhat de Mainvillers’s epic poem L’Homme-Dieu: ou l’Univers seule famille of 1754(011313.f.7), which bears the eagle-and-swastika stamp of the Volks- und KulturpolitischesInstitut an der Universität Heidelberg was probably sold off by the University because ofthe incriminating stamp: it has a red British Museum date stamp 28 Nov 56 signifying thatit was purchased, whereas the other books discussed here all have green date stampsindicating that they were acquired gratis.

Something perhaps should be said of the books acquired as a bulk consignment from theKriegsschule Hannover. Some of this material was used to replace war losses or to fillwartime gaps in receipt, and some of it was catalogued with official publications pressmarks,but about 2,000 volumes have been kept together and are the only part of the BritishLibrary’s holding of books confiscated from Germany that has a distinguishing shelfmarkand can be accurately traced volume by volume to its German source. They also have afeature that distinguishes them from nearly all the other books. The Kriegsschule (i.e.training school for junior officers) Hannover was established soon after the Kingdom ofHanover was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia following the War of 1866.12 Forabout seventy years the library of the Kriegsschule functioned as a working military library,and as one of the organs of German militarism was an obvious candidate for the attentionsof the British occupation authorities after 8 May 1945. However, in addition to the bookson military affairs acquired year by year on publication, the library also received hundredsof eighteenth-century, seventeenth-century and even sixteenth-century books frommilitary collections in Berlin. In addition to the library stamps Bibliothek d. K.Kriegsschule Hannover and Bibliothek der K. Kriegsschule Hannover adorned withthe Prussian eagle, or the more modern unadorned Bücherei Kriegsschule Hannover,one finds older stamps such as Kœn. Pr. Vereinigte Artill. u. Ingenieur Schule(shelfmarks M.L.p.5. and M.L.p.8), Bibliothek der Königlichen Artillerie- undIngenieur-Schule (M.L.p.6), Bibliothek d. Kœn. Pr. Kriegesschule zu Berlin(M.L.p.5), Königl. Kriegs-Akademie Bibliothek (M.L.p.1), Koenigl. Preuss.Kriegesschule zu Breslau 1810 (M.L.p.5), K. Pr. Plankam[m]er 1816 (M.L.f.3) and,quite frequently, General-Stabs Academie. A number of books stamped Deutsche

12 The Kriegsschule (or indeed anything at the address it later occupied, Waterlooplatz 9) does not appear inAdressbuch der Königlichen Residenz-Stadt Hannover für 1866. In the Addressbuch … für 1867, theKriegsschule is listed, and Bibliothek der Kriegsschule, evidently newly opened, is listed under Bibliothek. There is adescription of the M.L. material by David Paisey, of the British Library, in Handbuch deutscher historischerBuchbestände in Europa, 12 vols (Hildesheim, 1997-2001), vol. x, p. 63, para. 1.123. For similar material that fellinto Soviet hands see Handbuch der historischen Buchbestände in Deutschland, 27 vols (Hildesheim, 1996-2000), vol.xvi, p. 206, para. 2.64.



Fig.4. Josef Pestenhofer, Der ‘Drahtverhau’: und andere urbayerische Geschichten aus meinem Kriegstagebuch(Munich, 1942). YA.1993.a.21772



Fig. 5.Werner von Langsdorff, Flieger am Feind (Gütersloh, 1934). X.808/33877



Heeresbücherei Berlin were probably transferred to Hanover at a relatively late stage.Simply as an assemblage the older books in the Military Library are a collection ofextraordinary interest: they are also an extremely valuable accumulation of bibliographicaltreasures.What they are not, and were not in 1945, was a conceivable threat to the peaceand political well-being of Europe. They are in a quite different category from the otherconfiscated volumes.13

Leaving the Military Library out of the question, the importance of the British Library’scollection of expropriated German books is easy to misrepresent. It is far and away thelargest collection in Britain of publications from the Nazi period, but since the BritishLibrary has by far and away the largest collection in Britain of most sorts of publicationsthis is not in itself remarkable. The Deutsche Bücherei in Leipzig certainly, and theBayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich probably, have larger collections. It should also beremembered that the outbreak of war in September 1939 interrupted the routine purchaseby the British Museum of German publications and that some of the books acquired byconfiscation after 1945 were ones that would have been purchased if there had not been awar: though admittedly most of the books seized were not in this category as there arehundreds of items published before 1939 in the BL catalogue that have stamps fromGerman libraries, and school and juvenile books are in greater quantity than the BritishMuseum would have wished to purchase. One needs to remember too that the booksseized represent only a small proportion of all the new titles published in Nazi Germanybetween 1939 and 1945. In no sense are these books a systematic sample.

Having said this, the British Library’s confiscated books, like any other largeaccumulation, include items not to be found elsewhere. Mile Budak, Kroatische Novellen(Schriftenreihe zur Truppenbetreuung, Heft 48) (YA.1992.a.8126) is not listed in the 150-volume Gesamtverzeichnis des deutschsprachigen Schrifttums (GV) 1911-1965, and while theGV lists Hans Baumann, Die Bärenhäuter: ein Soldatenspiel as published by Feldzeitg. von d.Maas bis an d. Memel (a soldier’s newspaper for units stationed in Germany) the BritishLibrary’s edition (YA.1992.a.11990), like the edition of Budak’s Kroatische Novellen, has onits cover Die „Grauen Hefte" der Armee Busch, indicating that in those days of relatively cheap

13 The British and American authorities expropriated quantities of German scientific property on the basis, not thatthe Germans ought not to have it, but that the British and Americans themselves would like it. Amongst itemsconfiscated by the British were a cooler for an Alpha butter-making machine (The National Archives (PRO) FO1031/29), poor Dr Hase’s infra-red spectrometer (FO 1031/43) and two Volkswagens (FO 1031/45). As for theAmericans, in 1947-1948 the Field Information Agency,Technical, of the Office of Military Government forGermany (United States) published a forty-four volume Review of German Science, 1939-1946, which includedlittle of military value but a great deal that its inventors had intended to keep confidential, or to protect by patent.In a report to the Trustees of the British Museum of 13 July 1946 it was stated that there was a ‘Foreign OfficeCommittee appointed to arrange for the acquisition of German and Austrian books’; this was presumably theEnemy Wartime Publications (Requirements) Committee,which held its sixteenth meeting on 8 December 1947— the minutes are in The National Archives (PRO), FO 371/65320/CJ 3392 — but since there seem to be noearlier minutes of this committee it is not clear what connection there was between its operations and theconsignments of confiscated books which had begun to arrive at the British Museum in February 1946. A reportdated 18 January 1946 by R. A. Skelton, an Assistant Librarian at the British Museum, and up till September1945 a member of the Allied Control Commission for Austria (afterwards a Deputy Keeper in the Departmentof Printed Books and Map Librarian) discussed the British Museum’s requirements with regard to ‘bookspublished in enemy and enemy occupied countries during the war years’ and ‘replacement of books destroyedduring the war’— The National Archives (PRO) STAT 14/2536 — but the confiscated books sent to the BritishMuseum (which originally included a large number of duplicates) show no sign of having been selected becauserequired by the British Museum, in fact no sign of having been selected on any criterion other than the fact thatthey were not wanted in the places where the military authorities found them. This goes for the Military Libraryjust as much as for the books from the Deutsche Schule Bücherei in Paris and HJ-Gebietsführerschule II.



book production, 16. Armee, commanded between 1940 and 1943 by the futureGeneralfeldmarschall Ernst Busch, issued its own editions.14 And of course the booksthemselves, as objects, physical entities, tell a story separate from and independent of theirprinted, published contents. Emil Jörns and Julius Schwab’s invitingly entitledRassenhygienische Fibel (i.e. Primer of Racial Hygiene) (08073.d.77), confiscated from the 3.Städt.Volksbücherei Hannover, still contains the sheet pasted in to show dates for return onbeing borrowed: the book was published in 1933 and has three return dates stamped in:

17.8.3414.9.34

27 Okt 1944

indicating that this topical manual, indispensable reading for any racially consciousHanoverian, was not borrowed between the late summer of 1934 and the autumn of 1944:though of course the stamps cannot enlighten as to the reason for this. A cheap and flimsyedition of Gottfried Keller’s nineteenth-century classic Kleider machen Leute(012213.de.1/322), in suspiciously pristine condition considering it was issued in 1940,contains a printed label:

Als Gruß desVolksbundes für das Deutschtum im Ausland für unsere Kameraden im böhmisch-mährischen RaumGaugrenzlandamt der NSDAP

(i.e. Compliments of the People’s League for Germany Abroad, for our Comrades inBohemia-Moravia) and the stamp Deutsche Bücherei Königsaal (fig. 6). Königsaal wasa town, known to the Czechs as Zbraslav, near Prague (not in the Sudetenland). It was notin the British area of operations. The book may have come to the British Library via theSHAEF Document Center in Paris though there is no stamp to confirm this: but thephysical condition of the book, bearing in mind its poor production quality, suggests that itnever left its packing and probably never even arrived in Königsaal/Zbraslav. There arescores of other such allusive, inconclusive stories embodied in the British Library’s stock ofconfiscated volumes.

The sheer impact of seeing these books — necessarily ordered up individually for, it mustbe repeated, only the core of the Military Library from Hanover is kept together, with itsown distinctive shelfmarks in the British Library catalogue — the unsettling effect of leafingthrough volumes whose text and illustrations are so evocative of a phase of human historythat is at once so remote and so close, at once so alien and abominable and so familiar andfascinating, is magnified by the physical evidence, rubber-stamped into them, of forciblesequestration and foreign military government. Books are not just words: they are facts thatcome to us from the past.

14 Publishing within military formations in the 1939-45 War is less well documented than in the 1914-18 Warthough Hasso von Wedel, Die Propagandatruppen der deutschen Wehrmacht (Neckargemünd, 1962), pp. 151-2,gives an incomplete list, with 39 items, of Feldzeitungen of the Nazi period. In the earlier war the Zeitung der10.Armee oder Armee-Zeitung-Scholz had a circulation on the Eastern Front of 50,000: see Richard Hellmannand Kurt Palm, Die Deutschen Feldzeitungen (Freiburg, 1918), pp. 56-7; the Zeitung der 10.Armee also publishedbooks, a couple of which have ended up in the British Library, viz. Das Litauen-Buch (1918), a quarto with195 pages of text and 48 pages of photographs etc. (X.802/4176) and Hans Geh, Homer im Felde: Bilder zurIlias (Wilna, 1917): the publisher of the latter is given as Zeitung der 10.Armee/A.O.K.10, i.e. Newspaper ofthe 10th Army/GHQ 10th Army.



Fig. 6. Gottfried Keller, Kleider machen Leute (Leipzig, 1940). 012213.de.1/322

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eBLJ Art 4 2003 TO PRINT