Upload
others
View
5
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Eatingmushroomsforourhealth
Fungiphobic: having an irrational fear of mushrooms, molds, and anything having to do with fungi!
Fungiphilic: being truly enlightened and knowing that fungi are gifts from the gods and that the science of mycology can provide answers to most of mankind’s most pressing problems
Why are people often fungiphobic??
Definitions:
Afewmushroomsarepoisonous!!
Ø Approximately24,000mushroomspecieshavebeenidentified[ChangandMiles,2004]
Ø About1000species(~4%)areknowntobeedible.
Ø About60ofthesehavebeencultivated(about10onalargeindustrialscale)
Ø But….about40speciesareknowntobepoisonous!!
Amanita virosa, destroying angelAgaricus campestris, yummy!! Amanita phalloides, death cap
Withincreasingpopulationandlittleincreaseinarableland,UASchoolofPlantSciencesisfocusedonsustainablefoodproductionsystemsthrough:PlantbreedingCulturalpracticesPlantprotectionPlantbiotechnologyControlledenvironmentagriculture
Aremushroomsasubstantial,nutritious,andsustainablesourceoffood?
Butwhataboutmushrooms??
Aremushroomsareanutritiousfood?YES!
Mycoprotein isagoodbalanceofallnineessentialaminoacidsinroughly thesameproportions asegg.
Afirstclassproteinproduct, comparabletomeatandfishbutwithnocholesterol,highinfiber,lowinfat,andnotrans-fats.
ComparethistoCORN,whichislessthan10%proteinanddeficientinthreeessentialaminoacids:lysine,tryptophan,andmethionine.
Myco-protein products!!from Fusarium venenatum.
Excellent source for B and D vitamins as well!
• Egotheonine,anaturalantioxidant foundinbeans,oats,liver,withthehighestconcentrationinmushrooms.
• Conjugatedlinoleicacids(CLA),foundmainlyinthemeat,dairyproducts,andmushrooms.Powerfulanti-carcinogens;significanteffectsonmetabolismbyloweringbodyfat,increasingleanbodymass
• Betaglucans,effectiveimmuno-modulatorsthatenhancetheinnateimmuneresponsebystimulatingnaturalkiller(NK)cells,andenhanceadaptiveimmuneresponse bystimulatingdendriticcells(DC)maturationandtheirantigen-presentingfunctions
• Aromataseand5-alphareductaseinhibitors, hormonemodulators thatinhibitenzymesimportantinthebiosynthesisofestrogenanddihydrotestosterone,respectively.
• Thestatins,HMG-CoAreductaseinhibitors,producedbymanyfungireducecholesterolproductionintheliver.
Equallyimportant,allthoseamazingnutraceuticals!!!
ThebigFive(medicinalmushrooms)Shitake(theking!):Lowercholesterol,CLAs,antimicrobial,antioxidant,anticancer
commerciallygrownonsawdustblocksNaturallygrowsonlogs
Maitake(henofthewoods):Lowercholesterol,antimicrobial,antiinflammatory
Maitakeburger….yummmmm!Alsocommerciallygrownonsawdustblocks
Almondmushroom(Himematsutake):,lowerbloodsugar,Lowercholesterol,CLAs,antimicrobial,antiinflammatory,anticancer,
commerciallygrownoncompostedstraw
Reishi(lingzhi):lowerbloodsugar,Lowercholesterol,antimicrobial,antihormonal,
commerciallygrownonsawdustblocks
Cordyceps:lowerbloodsugar,antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,popularwithelderly
Grownintraysonlivecaterpillars,soldinstoresstillattachedtothehost
Pyramind
Dr.Weil’santi-inflammatoryfoodpyramid
Eatyourfungi!!
• Ifyouwanttolivetobe100,eatyourvegetablesandEATYOURMUSHROOMS!
InConclusionØ Mushroomshavebeenpartofthehuman
dietforthousandsofyears
Ø Mushroomsarecompetingwithotherfreshproduceinthemarket,notjustwithothermushrooms
Ø InAsiancountries,mushroomsareconsideredastaplefood.InWesterncountries,mushroomsarean“impulsepurchase”
Ø ThehealthbenefitsofmushroomslongrecognizedinAsia,arestartingtoberecognizedinthewestaspartofahealthydiet.
Ø Weneedtopromote“fungiphilia”tostimulatearobustmarketformushrooms.
Ø Both common and specialty mushrooms inhibit the cellular processes associated with early heart disease
§ Ergotheoneine is a natural antioxidant, first discovered in ergot. Cannot be synthesized by humans, so must be obtained in the diet. Also found in beans and oat bran, ruminant liver and kidney. But mushrooms have the highest concentration!!
§ Inhibits adhesion molecule expression and in vitro binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in a pro-inflammatory environment characteristic of early cardiovascular disease
Mushrooms can help reduce cardiovascular disease
ergot
ØMushroomsalsoproduceconjugatedlinoleicacids (CLA),isomersoflinoleicacidfoundmainlyinthemeatanddairyproductsderivedfromruminants.
ØCLA’sarepowerfulanti-carcinogens,hinderingtumorgrowthinmammary,skin,colon,andprostatetissue
ØAlsoasignificanteffectofCLAonweightmanagementisonbodycomposition,areductionintotalbodyfatandanincreaseinleanbodymass
Yummmm!!!
Ø Mushroomshave beta-glucans,importantstructuralcomponentsofallfungalcellwalls
Ø Beta-glucans appeartopromoteinnateimmuneresponseagainstviralinfectionsandtumorsbyenhancingnaturalkiller(NK)cells,cytotoxiclymphocytesthatkillinfectedanddamagedcells.
Ø Mushrooms alsostimulatedendriticcells(DC)maturationandtheirantigen-presentingfunctionswhichalsopromoteadaptiveimmuneresponse againstmicrobesandallergens
Mushroomscanhelpprotectagainstinfection
Agaricus blazei (Almond mushroom)
ØMushroomshavebeenshowntocontainseveraladditionalcompoundswhichappeartolowerserumcholesterolinmammals
ØStatins (HMG-CoAreductaseinhibitors,exampleislovastatin)naturallyproducedinfungi(yeast,Aspergillus,oystermushrooms,andothers)reducecholesterolproductionintheliver.Manysyntheticderivatives…bigpharmacueticalmoneybehindthesedrugs!!!
ØEritadenine,firstisolatedfromshiitake,isalsoapowerfulcholesterolreducingagent
Anti-HypercholesterolemicActivity
Ø Mushroomsinhibitaromatase and5-alphareductase
Ø Aromataseisanimportantenzymeinthebiosynthesisofestrogens.Becauseestrogensalsopromotecertaincancersandotherdiseases,aromataseinhibitorsarefrequentlyusedtotreatthosediseases.
Ø 5-alphareductaseconverttestosteroneintothemorepotentdihydrotestosterone(DHT).DHT,aswellasallandrogens,islaterconvertedtoestrogens.
Mushroomhelpprotectagainstmanyformsofcancerasweage
A. bisporus crimini A. bisporus portobellaA. bisporus