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Eating mushrooms for our health

Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

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Page 1: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

Eatingmushroomsforourhealth

Page 2: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

Fungiphobic: having an irrational fear of mushrooms, molds, and anything having to do with fungi!

Fungiphilic: being truly enlightened and knowing that fungi are gifts from the gods and that the science of mycology can provide answers to most of mankind’s most pressing problems

Why are people often fungiphobic??

Definitions:

Page 3: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

Afewmushroomsarepoisonous!!

Ø Approximately24,000mushroomspecieshavebeenidentified[ChangandMiles,2004]

Ø About1000species(~4%)areknowntobeedible.

Ø About60ofthesehavebeencultivated(about10onalargeindustrialscale)

Ø But….about40speciesareknowntobepoisonous!!

Amanita virosa, destroying angelAgaricus campestris, yummy!! Amanita phalloides, death cap

Page 4: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

Withincreasingpopulationandlittleincreaseinarableland,UASchoolofPlantSciencesisfocusedonsustainablefoodproductionsystemsthrough:PlantbreedingCulturalpracticesPlantprotectionPlantbiotechnologyControlledenvironmentagriculture

Aremushroomsasubstantial,nutritious,andsustainablesourceoffood?

Butwhataboutmushrooms??

Page 5: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

Aremushroomsareanutritiousfood?YES!

Mycoprotein isagoodbalanceofallnineessentialaminoacidsinroughly thesameproportions asegg.

Afirstclassproteinproduct, comparabletomeatandfishbutwithnocholesterol,highinfiber,lowinfat,andnotrans-fats.

ComparethistoCORN,whichislessthan10%proteinanddeficientinthreeessentialaminoacids:lysine,tryptophan,andmethionine.

Myco-protein products!!from Fusarium venenatum.

Excellent source for B and D vitamins as well!

Page 6: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

• Egotheonine,anaturalantioxidant foundinbeans,oats,liver,withthehighestconcentrationinmushrooms.

• Conjugatedlinoleicacids(CLA),foundmainlyinthemeat,dairyproducts,andmushrooms.Powerfulanti-carcinogens;significanteffectsonmetabolismbyloweringbodyfat,increasingleanbodymass

• Betaglucans,effectiveimmuno-modulatorsthatenhancetheinnateimmuneresponsebystimulatingnaturalkiller(NK)cells,andenhanceadaptiveimmuneresponse bystimulatingdendriticcells(DC)maturationandtheirantigen-presentingfunctions

• Aromataseand5-alphareductaseinhibitors, hormonemodulators thatinhibitenzymesimportantinthebiosynthesisofestrogenanddihydrotestosterone,respectively.

• Thestatins,HMG-CoAreductaseinhibitors,producedbymanyfungireducecholesterolproductionintheliver.

Equallyimportant,allthoseamazingnutraceuticals!!!

Page 7: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

ThebigFive(medicinalmushrooms)Shitake(theking!):Lowercholesterol,CLAs,antimicrobial,antioxidant,anticancer

commerciallygrownonsawdustblocksNaturallygrowsonlogs

Page 8: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

Maitake(henofthewoods):Lowercholesterol,antimicrobial,antiinflammatory

Maitakeburger….yummmmm!Alsocommerciallygrownonsawdustblocks

Page 9: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

Almondmushroom(Himematsutake):,lowerbloodsugar,Lowercholesterol,CLAs,antimicrobial,antiinflammatory,anticancer,

commerciallygrownoncompostedstraw

Page 10: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

Reishi(lingzhi):lowerbloodsugar,Lowercholesterol,antimicrobial,antihormonal,

commerciallygrownonsawdustblocks

Page 11: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

Cordyceps:lowerbloodsugar,antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,popularwithelderly

Grownintraysonlivecaterpillars,soldinstoresstillattachedtothehost

Page 12: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

Pyramind

Dr.Weil’santi-inflammatoryfoodpyramid

Eatyourfungi!!

• Ifyouwanttolivetobe100,eatyourvegetablesandEATYOURMUSHROOMS!

Page 13: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

InConclusionØ Mushroomshavebeenpartofthehuman

dietforthousandsofyears

Ø Mushroomsarecompetingwithotherfreshproduceinthemarket,notjustwithothermushrooms

Ø InAsiancountries,mushroomsareconsideredastaplefood.InWesterncountries,mushroomsarean“impulsepurchase”

Ø ThehealthbenefitsofmushroomslongrecognizedinAsia,arestartingtoberecognizedinthewestaspartofahealthydiet.

Ø Weneedtopromote“fungiphilia”tostimulatearobustmarketformushrooms.

Page 14: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

Ø Both common and specialty mushrooms inhibit the cellular processes associated with early heart disease

§ Ergotheoneine is a natural antioxidant, first discovered in ergot. Cannot be synthesized by humans, so must be obtained in the diet. Also found in beans and oat bran, ruminant liver and kidney. But mushrooms have the highest concentration!!

§ Inhibits adhesion molecule expression and in vitro binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in a pro-inflammatory environment characteristic of early cardiovascular disease

Mushrooms can help reduce cardiovascular disease

ergot

Page 15: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

ØMushroomsalsoproduceconjugatedlinoleicacids (CLA),isomersoflinoleicacidfoundmainlyinthemeatanddairyproductsderivedfromruminants.

ØCLA’sarepowerfulanti-carcinogens,hinderingtumorgrowthinmammary,skin,colon,andprostatetissue

ØAlsoasignificanteffectofCLAonweightmanagementisonbodycomposition,areductionintotalbodyfatandanincreaseinleanbodymass

Yummmm!!!

Page 16: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

Ø Mushroomshave beta-glucans,importantstructuralcomponentsofallfungalcellwalls

Ø Beta-glucans appeartopromoteinnateimmuneresponseagainstviralinfectionsandtumorsbyenhancingnaturalkiller(NK)cells,cytotoxiclymphocytesthatkillinfectedanddamagedcells.

Ø Mushrooms alsostimulatedendriticcells(DC)maturationandtheirantigen-presentingfunctionswhichalsopromoteadaptiveimmuneresponse againstmicrobesandallergens

Mushroomscanhelpprotectagainstinfection

Agaricus blazei (Almond mushroom)

Page 17: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

ØMushroomshavebeenshowntocontainseveraladditionalcompoundswhichappeartolowerserumcholesterolinmammals

ØStatins (HMG-CoAreductaseinhibitors,exampleislovastatin)naturallyproducedinfungi(yeast,Aspergillus,oystermushrooms,andothers)reducecholesterolproductionintheliver.Manysyntheticderivatives…bigpharmacueticalmoneybehindthesedrugs!!!

ØEritadenine,firstisolatedfromshiitake,isalsoapowerfulcholesterolreducingagent

Anti-HypercholesterolemicActivity

Page 18: Eating mushrooms for our health - AZMGA...A few mushrooms are poisonous!! Ø Approximately 24,000 mushroom species have been identified [Chang and Miles, 2004] Ø About 1000 species

Ø Mushroomsinhibitaromatase and5-alphareductase

Ø Aromataseisanimportantenzymeinthebiosynthesisofestrogens.Becauseestrogensalsopromotecertaincancersandotherdiseases,aromataseinhibitorsarefrequentlyusedtotreatthosediseases.

Ø 5-alphareductaseconverttestosteroneintothemorepotentdihydrotestosterone(DHT).DHT,aswellasallandrogens,islaterconvertedtoestrogens.

Mushroomhelpprotectagainstmanyformsofcancerasweage

A. bisporus crimini A. bisporus portobellaA. bisporus