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Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

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Page 1: Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban

Leslie ForsterMakayla Saling

Annie HathawayMaureen Mavelle

Page 2: Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

Ancestor Worship• Chinese culture, Confucianism, and Chinese Buddhism all

value filial piety as a top virtue, and the act is a continued display of piety and respect towards departed ancestors.

• The two major festivals involving ancestor veneration are the Qingming Festival and the Double Ninth Festival, but veneration of ancestors is conducted in many other ceremonies, including weddings, funerals, and triad initiations.

• Worshipers generally offer prayers and food for the ancestors, light incense and candles, and burn offerings of joss paper. These activities are typically conducted at the site of ancestral graves or tombs, at an ancestral temple, or at a household shrine.

Page 3: Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

Ancestor Worship

Page 4: Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

Buddhism

• 佛教 , Fajiao• It was introduced in South Asia and Central Asia during the

Han Dynasty.• Can be incorporated into Confucianism, Daoism, and ancestor

worship.• Most people believe in the eightfold paths and precepts.• They believe in reincarnation

– It differs from rebirth– If a person detaches themselves from desires and the self,

they reach nirvana after so many cycles.

Page 5: Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

Buddhism• Theravada Buddhism (Southern Buddhism) It is the dominant

school of Buddhism. I was established by monarchies. • Mahayana Buddhism (Northern Buddhism) China, Japan,

Korea, Tibet and Mongolia. • Vajrayāna Buddhism (Tantric Buddhism, Mantrayana,

Tantrayana, Esoteric Buddhism, or True Words Sect). Some see it as part of Mahayana Buddism or some see is as the Third Buddhist path.

• Tibetan Buddhis This developed to separate themselves from the Theravada and Mahayana forms of Buddhism.

• Zen Buddhism It developed in the schooling of Mahayana Buddhism.

Page 6: Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

Buddhism• Eightfold Path

1. Know The Truth2. Resist Evil3. Say Nothing To Hurt Others4. Respect Life5. Work For The Good Of Others6. Free Your Mind Of Evil7. Control Your Thoughts8. Practice Meditation

• Precepts1. Refrain From Taking Life2. Refrain From Taking Which Is Not Given3. Refrain From Sensual Misconduct4. Refrain From Lying

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Mahayana Buddhism (Great Vehicle)

• It is one of the most common branches in Buddhism used today.

• They claim to be founded by the Buddha– Evidence shows that it originated in South India from

concepts regarding Hinduism which was translated into Chinese.

• The countries that practice this today are China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.

• Sutra- The scriptures are the oral teachings of Gautama Buddha.– Mahayana Buddhism – Corresponds to the Pali Canon. – Pali Canon – Basic teachings such as the Fourth Noble

Truths and Eightfold Path.

Page 8: Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

Mahayana School• Promises salvation to those who seek it.• Bodhisattva Ideal – to liberate all beings from

suffering • Worldly Bodhisattva – is someone who skips nirvana

and remains on earth by reincarnation to help those seeking enlightenment and salvation.

•Two schoolings•Madhyamika represents the middle view, the middle road, the path of relativity over extremes (e.g., extremes like existence vs. nonexistence, self vs. non-self)

• Yogacara School emphasizes yoga -- the practice of meditation

Page 9: Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

Buddhism

Page 10: Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

Confucianism

• History– Developed from the teachings of Confucius, a

Chinese philosopher• He tried to spread his ideas to emperors throughout

China.• Since second century B.C.E. it has strongly impacted

Chinese culture.

Page 11: Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

Confucianism• “The School of the Scholars”• Human morality and good deeds.• China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, and Vietnam• 5-6 million followers• Philosophy of life • Scriptures

– The Confucian Analects: Bible of Confucianism. Conversations between Teacher and disciples.

– Lun Yu, and Meng Tzu: Philosophy of Mencius. It gives advice to ruler of feudal states.

– Ta-Hsueh: Great Learning– Chung Yung: Doctrine of the Mean. General principles that concern

the nature of mean and right conduct .

Page 12: Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

Confucianism

• Six Values1. Li: Includes rituals, propriety,

etiquette, ect.2. Hsiao: Love within the family3. Yi: Righteousness4. Xin: Honestly and trustworthiness5. Jen: Benevolence, humaneness

towards others (the highest virtue)6. Chung: Loyalty to the state

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Confucianism

Page 14: Eastern Philosophies Erica Urban Leslie Forster Makayla Saling Annie Hathaway Maureen Mavelle

Taoism• History

– Started with many different sects:• Heavenly or Celestial Masters: Faith healing through

confession • Supreme Peace: Launched a revolution• Mount Mao: Introduced performing rituals• Marvelous Treasure: Introduced worshiping divinities• Completely Real: Founded Taoist monastic movement

– Emperor Li Lung- Chi created a Taoist state in which capital punishment was abolished and animals would be treated humanly

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Taoism• Is a philosophy and a religion• Tao means path and way and is seen as the force behind

natural order.• Polytheistic and also includes nature and ancestor spirits • Scripture

– Daozang- Treasury of Tao (Three Parts)

1. Zhen- real, truth2. Xuan- mystery3. Shen- divine

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Taoism• Beliefs

– Wu wei - non-action, effortless doing– P’u- Simplicity– Man is microcosm to the universe- meaning that the body

ties into the 5 Chinese elements– Three Jewels

• Ci – kindness• Jian – simplicity• Bugan wei tianxia xian - “not dare to be first in the world”-

modesty• Practices

– Bai bai- bowing to an altar with incense on dates on the lunar calendar

– On certain dates making sacrifices to the gods including killing animals or burning images

– On holidays parades are popular– Practice the art of fortune telling and astrology– Many martial arts practice are part of Taoism

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Taoism

• Symbols– Taijitu- is the yin and yang symbol– Bagua- eight trig rams– 5 elements

• Wood • Fire • Metal• Water • Earth

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Taoism