EasternEastern Europe Europe Cultural Crossroads for people moving between Cultural Crossroads for people moving between

Europe and AsiaEurope and Asia Ottoman Empire held this area from 1300s to Ottoman Empire held this area from 1300s to

World War 1.World War 1.– Many countries tried to get out from under Ottoman ruleMany countries tried to get out from under Ottoman rule– Balkanization refers to the process of a region breaking Balkanization refers to the process of a region breaking

up into small, mutually hostile unitsup into small, mutually hostile units– A Serb assassinating an Austrian started WW1A Serb assassinating an Austrian started WW1– Germany seizing Poland began WWII and after the war Germany seizing Poland began WWII and after the war

Eastern Europe became a region of satellite nations Eastern Europe became a region of satellite nations (nations dominated by another country-Russia)(nations dominated by another country-Russia)

Recent ChangesRecent Changeso Late 1980’s Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Late 1980’s Czechoslovakia, Hungary,

Poland and Romania ended Communist Poland and Romania ended Communist control of their governmentscontrol of their governments

o 1990 Bulgaria and Yugoslavia did the 1990 Bulgaria and Yugoslavia did the samesame

o This resulted in a return to ethnic loyaltiesThis resulted in a return to ethnic loyaltieso In early 1990s four of the six republics of In early 1990s four of the six republics of

Yugoslavia became separate states (civil war)Yugoslavia became separate states (civil war)o Czechoslovakia split into Czech Republic and Czechoslovakia split into Czech Republic and

Slovakia (peacefully)Slovakia (peacefully)

Developing EconomyDeveloping Economy

Until 1948, Eastern Europe Until 1948, Eastern Europe was traditionally a farming was traditionally a farming regionregion

Communism pushed Communism pushed industry, but it was industry, but it was outdated and hard to sell outdated and hard to sell outside the regionoutside the region

1989 most of Eastern 1989 most of Eastern Europe moved toward a Europe moved toward a Market Economy which Market Economy which meant initial problems, but meant initial problems, but now growthnow growth

Problems within Eastern Problems within Eastern Europe:Europe:– Albania has outdated Albania has outdated

equipment, lack of raw equipment, lack of raw materials, and few materials, and few educational workerseducational workers

– Romania’s government still Romania’s government still owns some businesses and owns some businesses and few citizens have money to few citizens have money to invest in businessinvest in business

– 1990 civil wars have 1990 civil wars have damaged Yugoslavia’s damaged Yugoslavia’s buildings and now they have buildings and now they have few workersfew workers

Culture and LifeCulture and Life

Number of languages Number of languages spoken makes it spoken makes it difficult to unifydifficult to unify

Many different Many different religionsreligions

Folk Art such as Folk Art such as pottery and pottery and woodcarvingwoodcarving

Less urban than the Less urban than the rest of Europe, but as rest of Europe, but as industry grows so do industry grows so do its citiesits cities

Much discrimination Much discrimination and anti-Semitism and anti-Semitism throughout the regionthroughout the region

Still trying to develop Still trying to develop democracydemocracy

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review

Four Sub-regions of Europe Four Sub-regions of Europe Mediterranean Europe Mediterranean Europe Western Europe Western Europe Northern EuropeNorthern Europe Eastern Europe Eastern Europe

Mediterranean EuropeMediterranean Europe

The influence of ancient Greece, ancient The influence of ancient Greece, ancient Rome, and renaissance Italy on art, Rome, and renaissance Italy on art, philosophy, religion, and language shaped philosophy, religion, and language shaped modern life.modern life.

In the late 1900s, Mediterranean Europe In the late 1900s, Mediterranean Europe began to have more manufacturing and began to have more manufacturing and service industries.service industries.

Western EuropeWestern Europe

Germany and France developed very Germany and France developed very different cultures, and throughout history, different cultures, and throughout history, conflicts between them involved much of conflicts between them involved much of Europe.Europe.

Western Europe has a highly developed Western Europe has a highly developed economy. It is a leader in the economic and economy. It is a leader in the economic and political alliance known as the European political alliance known as the European Union.Union.

Northern EuropeNorthern Europe

This region was a leader in the Industrial This region was a leader in the Industrial Revolution and the rise of representative Revolution and the rise of representative government.government.

The region has a history of seafaring The region has a history of seafaring conquerors. Great Britain established an conquerors. Great Britain established an empire that spread British culture and the empire that spread British culture and the English language worldwide. English language worldwide.

Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

Because it is a cultural crossroads, Eastern Because it is a cultural crossroads, Eastern Europe has a diverse culture with many Europe has a diverse culture with many ethnic groups.ethnic groups.

Domination by outside powers, most Domination by outside powers, most recently the Soviet Union, has characterized recently the Soviet Union, has characterized the region’s history.the region’s history.