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East St. Louis In BloomAn Intervention Project
Presented By: SIUE Students in Public Health
Nursing Community Nursing Service Clinical
History of East St. Louis • 1818 Illinoistown (original name of East St.
Louis) founded located near Piggott’s Ferry• 1837 First state railroad laid; starts bringing
goods to Illinoistown to ship across the river via Piggott’s ferry
• 1850 Illinoistown becomes a center for commercial and industrial commerce
• 1861 Illinoistown officially changes its name to East St. Louis
• 1871 The National Stock Yards open• 1874 Eads Bridge is completed, allowing
goods to travel across the river via railroad (Baugher, Timlin, & Child, 1995)
History of East St. Louis• 1890s East St. Louis becomes one of the
fastest growing cities in the Nation• 1917 Race riots brake out because of
changing population, corrupt politics, and labor issues leaving at least 47 people dead
• 1920 East St. Louis is now the 2nd poorest city (population great than 50,000) in the Nation
• 1922 Neighboring town of Belleville becomes the center for the Ku Klux Klan (the Klan’s presence still remains strong in the surrounding areas today)
(Baugher, Timlin, & Child, 1995)
History of East St. Louis• 1950s East St. Louis starts a gradual decline• 1957 East St. Louis is named the most
beautiful city in the Nation• 1961-1980 13,000 industrial jobs were lost• 1993 Metrolink established and the Casino
Queen gambling docks on East St. Louis river front
• 1999 Jackie Joyner-Kersee Youth Center built• 2011 East St. Louis Celebrates 150 years
(Baugher, Timlin, & Child, 1995)
East St. Louis Now• Population: 29,448 • Religion: Mainly Christian• Race: 96.2% African American• Education:
High school or higher: 66.3% Bachelor's degree: 9.1% Graduate degree: 2.8%
• Unemployed: 17.0%• Average Household Income: $21,070• Mayor: Alvin Parks Jr.
(http://www.city-data.com/city/East-St.-Louis-Illinois.html, 2003)
East St. Louis NowEast St. Louis Establishments (as of 2002)
Health (25%)Arts (0%)Retail (21%)Educational (1%)Other (11%)Administrative (4%)Accommodation (11%)Information (4%)Wholesale (10%)Real Estate (6%)Professional (6%)
(http://www.city-data.com/city/East-St.-Louis-Illinois.html, 2003)
East St. Louis In BloomEast St. Louis In Bloom is a free event held annual, that encourages the community residents to participate in making their community a better place to live. The event was held on April 16, 2011 from 10:00am till 1:00pm at the Jones Park Greenhouse. The event consists of cleaning up the Jones Park Greenhouse, planting, an Easter egg hunt, painting, construction of raised plant beds, a picnic, and education on how to plant healthy food choices at home. All of the supplies for starting a garden at home are provided free of charge to the residents.
Why is “East St. Louis In Bloom” needed?
• East St. Louis has a high crime rate and current research is showing that establishing community gardens can help to make the neighborhood safer. (Marcus, 2003)
• By cleaning up the park/ greenhouse and removing the old paint (possibly lead based paint) it will make the park a safer place to be.
• By making the neighborhood safer and cleaner its residents will want to spend more time outdoors, thus possibly reducing sedentary lifestyles.
Why is “East St. Louis In Bloom” needed?
• The residents could start eating healthier, by growing their own fruits and vegetables at home in a raised bed planting system.
• There is also evidence to show that community gardens lead to health promotion and disease prevention (Stein, 2008).
• By educating the people of East St. Louis on the dangers of gardening with the soil in East St. Louis, we can reduce possible exposure to the toxins, thus reducing illness.
• The community needs something to take pride in.
Cultural Considerations
• 96.2% African American• Things to consider:
– Not uncommon to live with extended family members
– At risk for underutilization of preventative care
– Tend to have strong community ties through places like churches
Cultural Considerations
• Strong family ties• Generally low income households• Likely to experience financial strain, economic
uncertainty, and isolation from beneficial institutions
• Many single parent households• Many work multiple jobs• Strong ethnic and racial identity• Positive feelings about the self• Strong sense of communalism(Plowden, K., John, W., Vasquez, E., & Kimani, J. 2006) (Corneille, M., Ashcraft, A., & Belgrave, F. (2005)
Ethical Considerations
• The population of East St. Louis is a vulnerable population that is susceptible to coercion and exploitation.
• It is crucial to provide truthful information to this population because it may be the only source of information they receive about healthful living.
• It was important that the community of East St. Louis be treated with dignity and respect and that assumptions and stereo-types were not formed or communicated.
Ethical Considerations
• Undue persuasion and involuntary participation were avoided because we encouraged the community to participate in the event, but no one was forced or coerced into participating.
• We attempted to reduce the possibility of harm by informing everyone about what the event would consist of and why the event was being held.
• The same quality of service and care was given to each and every person regardless of their age, race, ethnicity, gender, socio-economic status, etc.
Policies and Procedures
• Receive approval before releasing anything associated with SIUE or the School of Nursing
• Do NOT release anything that has a negative connotation towards the population you are trying to reach
• Check all facts and grammar before releasing anything to the population
• Maintain good communication with all members involved in project, especially one’s direct supervisor
• Be respectful of all members involved in the project
Core Public Health FunctionsAssessment: Looking at the overall nutrition level of
the community. Studying the rate of heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Talking with community to see what they feel they needed. Also looking at the best way to reach the people of East St. Louis.
Policy development: Working with the city of East St. Louis to organize the event. Also worked with other various organizations to development the activities to be done at East St. Louis In Bloom.
Assurance: Educate the population on the importance of a healthy well balanced diet. Provide them with education about gardening and cultivating healthy food choices. Provide the residents with all of the tools needed to begin the garden.
East St. Louis In BloomSIUE Interventions
For our part in this event, we help with the distribution of information and gathering of supplies. We created a cover letter, press release, and flyer to be used in advertising the event to the people of East St. Louis. We also made contact with the mayor’s office, The Monitor, local churches, local stores, and the other universities involved with the event.
Cover Letter
When writing our cover letter we actually learned the style that we wanted was more of a direct mailing letter. We used an article by Karen Marchetti (1995) as a guide for organizing our letter. We also looked at an article that would give us some idea as to how successful we could expect our mailing to be (Hurdle, 2007). The article gave us a couple of really good ideas (thanking people, mentioning the best parts of the event, and includinh contact information) of what we should include in our cover letter to get the best results.
Cover Letter
Press Release
We took the same approach when writing the press release. Everyone was clueless when it can to writing a press release so we used Yvette Davis’s (2008) article to guide us about what was important to include and what was ok to leave out. We also used “The Power of the Press Release” to help us understand what type of response we could expect from our press release (Paul, 2001).
Press Release
Flyer and advertising
We used an article by Burton, Lichtenstein, and Netemeyer (1999) to give us an idea on how successful we could expect our flyers to be.
To get ideas on how we should advertise, we used “Market Every Day (in Every Way)” (Market, 2007). It helped us understand who we should send our cover letter, press release and flyer to (i.e. radio and TV, newspaper, using the internet, direct mailings).
Flyer
East St. Louis In BloomWashington Univeristy & Univeristy of Illinois
Washington University students were in charge of the planting. They took inventory of the gardening supplies that were available and let Kathi know what else was needed. They also helped to clean up the Jones Park Greenhouse and to make raised planting beds.University of Illinois student were in charge of organizing the Easter Egg Hunt and helping clean up the Jones Park Greenhouse. They also helped to make raised planting beds.
East St. Louis In BloomOther Resources
The mayor’s office is helping to spread the word about the event. They have placed all of the information about the event on the city’s website.
The Monitor is helping by doing a free press release on the event.
Illinois American Water is helping by donating water for the event.
• Illinois American Water– Phone Number: 1800-422-2782
• University of Illinois– Billie Turner (contact Person)– Email: [email protected]
• Washington University– Jessica F. (contact person)– Email: [email protected]
• The Mayor’s Office:– Lauren Parks (contact person)– Email: [email protected]
• The Monitor:– Frazier (contact person)– Phone Number: 618-271-0468– Fax Number: 618-271-8443
List of Contacts
• Save-A-Lot– 2600 State Street, East St. Louis, IL– Phone Number: 618-875-5370
• Schnucks– 2511 State Street, East St. Louis, IL– Phone Number: 618-274-2000
• East St. Louis Supermarket– 2439 Bond Avenue, East St. Louis, IL– Phone Number: 618-874-0968
*See packet for full list of contact**Val Voss has list of churches
List of Contacts
Minnesota Model
Minnesota Model• Social Marketing
– This accomplished by creating the cover letter, flyer, and press release and then distributing them throughout the community
• Outreach– This achieved by connecting with the
churches and mayor’s office to help spread the word about the event
• Community Organizing– This was done by bringing the people of
East St. Louis together and having them share a common goal of improving Jones Park
Minnesota Model• Collaboration
– This was achieved by working with the various other organizations involved
• Coalition Building– This was done by strengthening the
relationship between CNS and the people of East St. Louis. By forming an unofficial coalition, they are working together to better the community
• Health Teaching– This was accomplished by getting the
people to the event so that they could be educated on how to garden and the dangers of East St. Louis soil
DemographicsSt. Clair County
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTOR COUNTY LEVEL STATE LEVEL
UNEMPOLYMENT 6.7% 5.7%
SINGLE PARENT HOUSEHOLD 13.6% 9.3%
MEDIAN AGE FOR POPULATION 32.0 32.8
POPULATION IN POVERTY 17.4% 11.9%
POPULATION 25+ WHO ARE NON-HIGH SCHOOL
GRADUATES27.6% 23.9%
(http://app.idph.state.il.us/, 2009)
BiostatisticsSt. Clair County
BIOSTATISTICAL FACTOR COUNTY LEVEL STATE LEVEL
Infant Mortality(Rates per 1,000)
9.6OR
0.96%
7.4OR
0.74%LOW BIRTHWEIGHT
(<2,500 gms) 9.2% 8.6%
BREAST CANCER (FEMALE) MORTALITY
RATES, (Rates per 100,000)
40.4 32.2
CORONARY HEART DISEASE MORTALITY
RATES, (Rates per 100,000)
173.4 149.0
(http://app.idph.state.il.us/, 2009)
BehavioralSt. Clair County
BEHAVIORAL FACTOR COUNTY LEVEL
STATE LEVEL
<3 SERVINGS OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 46.4% 44.9%
HAVE DIEBETES 9.7% 8.2%
(http://app.idph.state.il.us/brfss/, 2010)
Healthy People 2020 Objectives
• NWS-2.2, NWS-4, NWS-5.1, NWS-5.2, NWS-8, NWS 10, NWS 11, NWS 14, and NWS 15.
EnvironmentalSt. Clair County
Environmental FACTOR COUNTY LEVEL STATE LEVEL
CRUDE HOMICIDE RATES(Rate per 100,000) 46.4% 44.9%
CHILDREN WITH BLOOD LEAD LEVELS >15mcg/dl 6.5% 6.9%
(http://app.idph.state.il.us/, 2009)
Health People 2020 Topic
• Nutrition & Healthy Weight
• NWS-2.2, NWS-4, NWS-5.1, NWS-5.2, NWS-8, NWS 10, NWS 11 in addition to:
• Objective: NWS-14 Increase the contribution of fruits to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older Increase the contribution of fruits to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older
• Objective: NWS-15 Increase the variety and contribution of vegetables to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older
(HealthyPeople.gov, 2010)
Health People 2020 Topic• Nutrition and Weight Status
• Objective: NWS-15.1 Increase the contribution of total vegetables to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older Increase the contribution of total vegetables to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older
• Objective: NWS-15.2 Increase the contribution of dark green vegetables, orange vegetables, and legumes to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older Increase the contribution of dark green vegetables, orange vegetables, and legumes to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older
(HealthyPeople.gov, 2010)
Health People 2020 Topic
Diabetes • Objective: D-16.3 Increase the proportion
of persons at high risk for diabetes with pre-diabetes who report reducing the amount of fat or calories in their diet Increase the proportion of persons at high risk for diabetes with pre-diabetes who report reducing the amount of fat or calories in their diet
(HealthyPeople.gov, 2010)
Health People 2020 Epidemiology
St. Clair CountyWeight Status:
Obesity:Underweight/normal: 39.1%Overweight: 32.2%Obese: 28.6%
Trying to Lose Weight: 47.9%
Advised about Weight: 22.1%
(http://app.idph.state.il.us/, 2009) & (http://app.idph.state.il.us/brfss/, 2010)
Health People 2020 Epidemiology
St. Clair County
Nutrition Status:
Total Servings of Fruits/Vegetables per Day:0-2 Servings/day: 46.4%3-4 Servings/day: 37.2%5 or more Servings/day: 16.4%
(http://app.idph.state.il.us/, 2009) & (http://app.idph.state.il.us/brfss/, 2010)
Health People 2020 Epidemiology
St. Clair CountyDiabetes
Have Diabetes: 9.7%
Had Blood GlucoseTest done in the past 12 MO: 66.1%
Hospitalized Related To Diabetes: 0.17%
(http://app.idph.state.il.us/, 2009) & (http://app.idph.state.il.us/brfss/, 2010)
Risk for altered nutrition, less than body requirements for the residents of East St. Louit
Related to….• Limited access to food as evidenced by the
scarce number of grocery stores in the city limits
• Limited resources for growing their own fruits and vegetables as evidenced by the high number of low income households
• Financial constraint as evidenced by the increasing cost of fresh fruits and vegetables and low incomes
Group Dynamics• Jessica: Cover Letter, research, contacting
resources, distributing information, PowerPoint slides about project background and nursing diagnosis
• Bradley: Evaluation tool, research, contacting resources, distributing information PowerPoint slides about project background and references
• Allison: Press Release, research, contacting resources, distributing information, PowerPoint slides that describing the intervention and proposed evaluation
• Amber: Flyer, research, contacting resources, distributing information, PowerPoint slides about project background, PowerPoint template
Proposed Process Evaluation Method
• Survey those involved with the process to see what could have been done better and what was done well
• Self-reflect on the process to determine what you could have done better and what you did well
• Ask for suggestions from those involved with the process; everyone from those who planed the event to those who are evaluating the event (including the monitor, mayor’s office, etc.)
Proposed Outcome Evaluation Method
• Survey participants of the event to see what they liked about the event and what they thought needed improvement
• Ask for suggestions about the event• Self-reflect on the actual outcome; was it the
expected outcome?
Possible Methods for Collecting Data
• Emailing short surveys to the personal who collaborated on East St. Louis In Bloom
• Hand out evaluation forms to the participants…have the evaluation forms be the ticket for an attendance prize
• Set up a free email account (possibly gmail or yahoo) to receive feedback from the community. Get the word out about the email account the same way the event was advertised
• Randomly select participants to ask what they liked and didn’t like about the event
• Place a suggestion box at the event
To Be or Not to Be, that is the Question
(other possible interventions)
• Contacting Local Cable Station– This was not done because the numbers that we
found were no longer in services. Perhaps if there was more time we could have found away to contact them
• Contacting Local Radio Station– This was not done because the numbers that we
found were no longer in services. Perhaps if there was more time we could have found away to contact them
• Contacting the Belleville News Democrat– This was not done because the newspaper generally
takes a negative spin on East St. Louis
To Be or Not to Be, that is the Question
(other possible interventions)
• Had more control over the overall project, thus producing better results from our interventions– This was not done because it is only an eight
week course
• Worked more closely with the other Universities involved– This was not done because the student from
Washington University was unreasonable and the student from University of Illinois had her part under control
Hindsight is twenty/twenty(a reflection on the project)
• Better lines of communication from all of those involved with the event
• A better understanding of the location of the park and the actual event
• More time to prepare actual handouts for the event
• Apply for available grants to help fund the event
References
Baugher, B., Timlin, D. & Child, M. (1995). A timeline of the east st. louis area., 2011, from
http://proxy.library.siue.edu:2569/la/la437-f95/reports/History/timeline.html
Burton, S., Lichtenstein, D. R., & Netemeyer, R. G. (1999). Exposure to sales flyers and increased purchases in retail
supermarkets. Journal of Advertising Research, 39(5), 7- 14. Retrieved from http://proxy.library.siue.edu:2056/login.aspx?direct=true &db=bsh&AN=2711787&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Corneille, M., Ashcraft, A., & Belgrave, F. (2005). What's culture got to do with it? Prevention programs for African American adolescent girls. Journal of Health Care for the Poor & Underserved, 16(4), 38-47. Retrieved from EBSCOhost
Davis, Y. (2008). How to write a press release. Wenatchee Business Journal, 22(1), 34. Retrieved from
http://proxy.library.siue.edu:2056/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=28335079&site=ehost-live&scope=site
East st. louis, illinois. (2010). , 2011, from http://www.city-data.com/city/East-St.-Louis-Illinois.html
Hurdle, V. (2007). Direct mail that works as hard as you do. Landscape Management, 46(10), 76. Retrieved from http://proxy.library.siue.edu:2056/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=27332019&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Illinois behavioral risk factor surveillance system. (2010). , 2011, from http://app.idph.state.il.us/brfss/
IPLAN. (2009). , 2011, from http://app.idph.state.il.us/
Marchetti, K. J. (1995). How hard can it be to write a direct mail letter? Bank Marketing, 27(7), 23. Retrieved from http://proxy.library.siue.edu:2056/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=9507265945&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Marcus, C. C., 1934-. (2003). 15(2), 32-41. Retrieved from http://proxy.library.siue.edu:2056/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ach&AN=BART03107421&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Market every day (in every way). (2007). Journal of Accountancy, 203(4), 30-30. Retrieved from http://proxy.library.siue.edu:2056/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=25435475&site=ehost- live&scope=site
Paul, C. C. (2001). The power of the press release. Civil Engineering (08857024), 71(1), 64. Retrieved from http://proxy.library.siue.edu:2056/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=3997730&site=ehost- live&scope=site Plowden, K., John, W., Vasquez, E., & Kimani, J. (2006). Reaching African American men: a qualitative analysis. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 23(3), 147-158. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Stein, M. J. (2008). Community gardens for health promotion and disease prevention. International Journal for Human Caring, 12(3), 47-52. Retrieved from http://proxy.library.siue.edu:2056/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010087396&site=ehost- live&scope=site
Topics & objectives index - healthy people. (2010). , 2011, from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/default.aspx
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