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EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
Dividers_country profiles.indd 6 15/11/2016 15:07:26
Dividers_country profiles.indd 9 28/10/2014 11:08:38
− Australia − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Australia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Between 2010 and 2015, 14 persons were prosecuted for trafficking in persons; ten males and four women. During the same period, nine persons (six women and three men) were convicted in first instance or after retrial. Four of the persons convicted were foreigners, while five were Australian citizens (four of them foreign-born).
Source: The Office of the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions. Victims
Victims of trafficking referred to the Support for Trafficked People Program, by age and gender, 2010-June 2015
Source: The Department of Social Services /Australian Red Cross.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-June2015
Women 20 8 14 19 25 9Men 8 2 2 2 5 2girls 3 1 0 2 4Boys 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Victims of trafficking referred to the Support for Trafficked People Program, by form of exploitation, 2010-June 2015
Source: The Department of Social Services /Australian Red Cross.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-June2015
Unknown 1
Debt bondage 1
Forced marriages 2 6
domestic servitude 0 2 1 6 11 5
removal of organs 1 0 0
forced labour 10 4 4 3 5 2
sexual exploitation 20 5 11 12 13 2
05
101520253035
- Cambodia − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Cambodia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Victims
Number of repatriated victims of trafficking in persons,
by countries of return and gender, 2014
Source: National Committee for Counter Trafficking.
Number of repatriated victims of trafficking in persons, by form or sector of exploitation, 2014
Source: National Committee for Counter Trafficking.
China, 1 Indonesia, 23
Malaysia,23
Saudi Arabia, 7
Thailand, 108
Males
China, 13
Malaysia, 15
Saudi Arabia, 1
Females
Forced labour: construction,
46
Forced labour: domestic work, 14
Forced labour: factory work,
19
Forced labour: fishing, 93
Marriage, 13 Other, 4
− China − The criminal code of China establishes as a crime the abduction of and trafficking in women and children, whereby the “children” are minors who are under the age of 14. Persons involved in the abduction of and trafficking in minors between the ages of 14 and 18 are prosecuted under the “crime of false imprisonment”. China criminalizes other forms of trafficking under other offences, including the crime of forced labour, the crime of organizing and coercing others into prostitution, the crime of organizing the sale of human organs, and the crime of organizing people with disabilities and children to beg. Investigations and suspects In 2010, 3,343 persons were arrested and 4,422 prosecuted for the crime of trafficking in women and children. For the crime of child trafficking, 231 persons were arrested and 222 prosecuted. For the crime of forced labour, 28 persons were arrested and 32 were prosecuted. For the crime of organized crime of prostitution, 2,223 persons were arrested and 2,142 prosecuted. For the crime of forced prostitution, 2,199 persons were arrested and 2,662 were prosecuted. In 2011, 2,906 persons were arrested and 3,315 prosecuted for the crime of trafficking in women and children. For the crime of child trafficking, 289 persons were arrested and 254 prosecuted. For the crime of forced labour, 84 persons were arrested and 81 were prosecuted. For the crime of organized crime of prostitution, 2,280 persons were arrested and 2,267 prosecuted. For the crime of forced prostitution, 1,815 persons were arrested and 2,038 were prosecuted. In 2012, 2,388 persons were arrested, 3,699 prosecuted and 2,801 convicted for the crime of trafficking in women and children. For the crime of child trafficking, 187 persons were arrested and 224 prosecuted. For the crime of forced labour, 87 persons were arrested, 100 were prosecuted and 27 convicted. For the crime of organized crime of prostitution, 2,246 persons were arrested, 2,163 prosecuted and 2,276 convicted. For the crime of forced prostitution, 1,638 persons were arrested and 1,920 were prosecuted. In 2013, 1,849 persons were arrested, 2,395 prosecuted and 1,978 convicted for the crime of trafficking in women and children. For the crime of child trafficking, 173 persons were arrested and 192 prosecuted. For the crime of forced labour, 66 persons were arrested and 73 were prosecuted. For the crime of organized crime of prostitution, 2,186 persons
were arrested, 2,159 prosecuted and 2,029 convicted. For the crime of forced prostitution, 1,042 persons were arrested, 1,219 prosecuted and 1,109 convicted. Source: Government of the People’s Republic of China. Number of concluded cases from 2012 to 2015
Source: Government of the People’s Republic of China. Number of sentenced persons from 2012 to 2015
Source: Government of the People’s Republic of China.
Trafficking inwomen and
children
Buying ofabducted
women andchildren
Forcedprostitution Forced labour
Sale of humanorgans by
organizations
2012 1918 66 1024 17 102013 1131 51 6062014 978 53 520 24 82015 853 44 405
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Trafficking inwomen and
children
Buying ofabducted
women andchildren
Forcedprostitution Forced labour
Sale ofhuman
organs byorganizations
2012 2831 103 1737 27 92013 2018 97 11162014 1685 170 836 33 532015 1389 114 642
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Taiwan Province of China The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Taiwan Province of China criminalizes forced labour and sexual exploitation. Investigations and suspects
Number of trafficking in persons cases investigated, by form of exploitation,
2008-2013
Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China.
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2008-2013
Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China.
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013sexual exploitation 59 42 26 53 62 82forced labour 40 46 77 73 86 84
020406080
100120140160180
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013sexual exploitation 452 233 346 259 408 103forced labour 106 102 110 179 57 246
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2008-2013
Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China.
Victims
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2009-2013
Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China.
287
376
300
174
300270
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013females 258 258 229 396 319male 71 66 90 66 47
050
100150200250300350400450500
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2009-2013
Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China.
Number of detected female victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2009-2013
Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013forced labour 244 279 263 310 245sexual exploitation 85 45 56 152 121
050
100150200250300350400450500
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Females in forced labour 173 218 173 244 198Females in sexual
explotation 85 40 56 152 121
050
100150200250300350400450
Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by origin, 2012-2013
Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China.
Indonesia, 1,133
Viet Nam, 369
Thailand, 36 Philippines, 98Mainland China, 110
Cambodia, 24Bangladesh, 27
Other, 3
− Indonesia− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Indonesia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects
Number of cases of trafficking in persons investigated, 2012-June 2015
Source: Indonesia National Police and Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection.
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2012-2013
Source: Indonesia National Police and Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection.
110
282
13875
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2012 2013 2014 Jan-June 2015
2012 2013Males 103 89Females 120 58
0
50
100
150
200
250
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2012-June 2015
Source: Indonesia National Police and Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2012-June 2015
Source: Indonesia National Police and Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection.
164199
150
69
0
50
100
150
200
250
2012 2013 2014 Jan-June 2015
110
282
138
75
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2012 2013 2014 Jan-June 2015
Victims
Number of victims detected by the criminal justice system, by gender and age, 2012-2013
Source: Indonesia National Police and Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection.
Number of cases of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2012
Source: Indonesia National Police and Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection.
2012 2013Adult Women 174 75Adult Men 46 17Girls 71 60Boys 1 3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Indonesian victims of trafficking repatriated, by country of repatriation, 2012-August 2015
Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Malaysia, 312
Other East Asia and the Pacific,
113
North Africa and the Middle
East, 389
Others, 4
− Japan − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Japan covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects
Number of offences recorded for trafficking in persons, 2012-2015
Source: National Police Agency.
Persons investigated for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2012-2015
Source: National Police Agency.
2012 2013 2014 2015Females 18 12 14 14Males 36 25 19 28
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2012-2015
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2012-2015
Source: Ministry of Justice.
2012 2013 2014 2015Females 13 10 10 7Males 25 21 17 19
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2012-2015
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Victims
Number of victims detected, by age and gender, 2010-2015
Source: National Police Agency/Ministry of Justice/Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
Japan, 94
Thailand, 14
Other, 3
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Women 35 45 25 14 18 44Men 3 0 0 0 0 4Girls 4 0 2 3 7 6Boys 1 0 0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Number of victims detected, by form of exploitation, 2010-2015
Source: National Police Agency/Ministry of Justice/Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
Number of victims detected, by country of citizenship, 2010-2012
Source: National Police Agency/Ministry of Foreign Affairs/Ministry of Justice/ Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Forced Marriage 3Forced Labour 38 28 9 2 7 34Sexual Exploitation 5 17 18 15 14 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Japan -domestic
trafficking, 46
Philippines, 52
Thailand, 20
Others, 5
− Malaysia − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Malaysia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects The Royal Police reported that 800 cases of trafficking in persons were investigated between 2008 and 2014. Of these, 509 were cases of trafficking for sexual exploitation, and 291 were for forced labour. Source: Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons. The Attorney General reported that 38 cases of trafficking were prosecuted in 2014; 26 cases of trafficking for forced labour and 12 cases for sexual exploitation. Source: Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons. Victims In 2014, 303 individuals were granted protection orders and placed in government shelters. In 2012, 309 victims were granted the same assistance. Out of the victims, 295 were female and eight were male. The main citizenships detected were Indonesia (141), Viet Nam (91), and the Philippines (31). Source: Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons. Victims Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by legal status, 2010-November 2012
Source: Ministry of Home Affairs.
471
220
309
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2010 2011 Jan-Dec2012
− Mongolia − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Mongolia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Number of offences of trafficking in persons recorded, 2012-2015
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2012-2015
Source: Ministry of Justice.
According to the national authorities, 16 persons (7 females and 9 males) were convicted for trafficking in persons in the period considered. All the convicted persons were Mongolian citizens. Source: Ministry of Justice.
10 119
14
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2012 2013 2014 2015
2012 2013 2014 2015Females 12 5 2 14Males 3 6 5 2
02468
1012141618
Victims Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2012-2015
The victims were mainly Mongolian citizens trafficked for sexual exploitation, with the exception of eight victims trafficked for forced labour. Some victims were domestically trafficked (36), the rest were trafficked to China, Malaysia, India, and Singapore. Source: Ministry of Justice.
2012 2013 2014 2015women 26 11 2 12girls 11 7 3 8
05
10152025303540
− Myanmar − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Myanmar covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Number of trafficking in persons offences recorded, 2012-August 2015
Source: Anti-trafficking Police.
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2012-August 2015
Source: Anti-trafficking Police.
120102
124
82
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2012 2013 2014 Jan-August 2015
2012 2013 2014 Jan-August2015
Females 219 188 215 137Males 106 81 152 106
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2012-2014
Source: Anti-trafficking Police.
Victims
Cases of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2012-August 2015
Source: Anti- Trafficking Police.
All the identified victims were local citizens trafficked abroad or domestically. When trafficked abroad, the largest number of cases were linked to China, Thailand, and Indonesia. Source: Ministry of Home Affairs/Anti- Trafficking Police.
2012 2013 2014Females 147 118 35Males 70 51 27
0
50
100
150
200
250
2012 2013 2014 Jan-August2015
Others 1Adoption 2 3 1 1Forced marriage 134 86 121 68Forced labour 69 107 146 130Sexual exploitation 50 60 41 25
050
100150200250300350
− Pacific Islands − This section covers Fiji, the Marshall Islands, and Solomon Islands. The Marshall Islands criminalizes some aspects of trafficking in persons. Solomon Islands introduced a specific offence of trafficking in persons in 2012, while Fiji has had a specific offence on trafficking in persons since 2010. Solomon Islands and Fiji criminalize all aspects listed in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects In Fiji, between 2012 and December 2014, two cases concluded with the conviction of the prosecuted offenders. In the first case, four men (one Thai and three Chinese citizens) were convicted of trafficking in persons. In the second case, two Fijian men were convicted of slavery and trafficking in children. Source: High Court of Fiji/Office of the Director of Public Prosecution. Considering the recent introduction of the specific offence on trafficking in persons, no convictions have been reported in Solomon Islands during the reporting period. Source: Human Trafficking in Solomon Islands - American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative. In the Marshall Islands, two cases of transnational trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation were prosecuted in 2012. No convictions have been reported in the Marshall Islands during the reporting period. Source: Attorney General Office. Victims
In Fiji, in the two cases reported above, three Thai women, and three Fijian females (one adult and two minors) were trafficked for sexual exploitation in Fiji. Source: High Court of Fiji. Concerning Fiji, the Committee on the Rights of the Child reported a high number of children working as wheelbarrow boys or shoe-shiners in the markets, as well as a significant number who become involved in prostitution, pornography, and sex trafficking, as well as instances of caregivers engaging children in street-begging. The committee expressed concern about families selling their daughters into marriage and child trafficking victims being exploited in illegal brothels, local hotels, private homes, and other rural and urban locations. Additionally, the traditional practice of sending children to live with relatives or families in larger cities, where they might be subjected to domestic servitude or may be coerced to engage in sexual activity in exchange for food, clothing, shelter, or school fees, may put them at risk of human trafficking. Source: UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. According to a study conducted in 2014, throughout 2012 and 2013, the Immigration Division of Solomon Islands noted that numerous cases involved indicators of trafficking in persons. These cases have predominantly involved foreign (Asian) male workers on fishing vessels as victims of trafficking. The study shows trafficking in Solomon Islands is an issue which also occurs domestically and affects women and girls. Source: Human Trafficking in Solomon Islands - American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative.
Concerning Solomon Islands, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women reported sexual exploitation of girls in logging areas and through pornography. Source: UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
− Philippines − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Philippines covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Number of cases recorded and persons suspected of trafficking in persons, 2012 -
2015
Source: Inter Agency Council Against Trafficking.
Number of persons convicted at regional trial court of trafficking in persons, by
gender, 2012 - 2015
Source: Inter Agency Council Against Trafficking.
2012 2013 2014 2015Cases recorded 261 308 326 274Persons suspected 375 245 377 566
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2012 2013 2014 2015Females 15 21 28 29Males 17 16 29 19
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Victims
Trafficking victims assisted in prosecution of trafficking in persons cases, by age and gender, 2012-2015
Source: Inter Agency Council Against Trafficking .
Trafficking victims assisted in prosecution of trafficking in persons cases, by form of exploitation, 2012-2015
Source: Inter Agency Council Against Trafficking.
2012 2013 2014 2015Men 52 92 105 81Women 529 487 680 442Girls 167 188 261 150Boys 15 28 37 18
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2012 2013 2014 2015Forced labour 69 48 131 23Sexual exploitation 694 747 952 562
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
− Republic of Korea − The specific offence of trafficking in persons covering all aspects listed in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol was enacted in March 2013. The previous offence covered just trafficking for sexual exploitation. Other forms of trafficking were prosecuted under other offences of the criminal code. Investigations and suspects
Persons investigated for trafficking in persons and other related offences, by gender, 2012- 2015
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons and other related offences, by
gender, 2012- 2015
Source: Ministry of Justice.
2012 2013 2014 2015Females 162 202 166 172Males 390 432 518 508
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2012 2013 2014 2015Females 64 48 57 70Males 261 215 263 277
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons and other related offences, by gender, 2012-2015
Source: Ministry of Justice.
The numbers reported above on persons investigated, prosecuted, and convicted refer to trafficking in persons and other different, related offences, including ‘looting of human beings for profit or other purposes’, ‘trade in women’ and others. Source: Ministry of Justice.
2012 2013 2014 2015Females 22 15 17 24Males 109 95 86 86
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
− Thailand − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Thailand covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Number of investigations for trafficking in persons, 2009-2014
Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee. Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2009-2014
Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee.
103 81 97
306
674
280
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
64
126 12893
483
155
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2009-2014
Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee. Victims
Number of victims of trafficking detected by the police, by age, 2012-2014
Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee.
40 4655 49
230
104
0
50
100
150
200
250
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
2012 2013 2014adults 160 263 215minors 432 757 380
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Number of victims of trafficking detected by the police, by citizenship, 2012-2014
Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee.
Assisted victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2012-2015
Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee.
Thailand , 1,254
Myanmar, 275
Cambodia, 271
Lao People's Democratic
Republic, 267
Other/unknown , 140
2012 2013 2014 2015Women 26 50 26 128Men 121 112 139 258Boys 141 107 48 33Girls 250 411 90 52
0100200300400500600700800
Assisted victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2012-2015
Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee.
Assisted victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2012-2015
Source: Office of Anti-Trafficking in Persons Committee.
Sexual exploitation,
832Forced labour,
1,018
Begging, 143
Thailand, 664
Myanmar, 498
Cambodia, 161
Lao People's Democratic
Republic, 345
Other/Unknown, 15
Bangladesh, 148
Stateless (from Rakhine State in Myanmar), 142
− Viet Nam − The specific offence of trafficking in persons (art. 119 of the criminal code) covers all forms of trafficking listed in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. The local authorities also use the offence of “fraudulently exchanging or appropriating children” (art. 120 of the criminal code) to prosecute trafficking cases. Investigations and suspects Number of offences of trafficking in persons (art. 119 and 120) recorded, 2012-June 2015
Source: Annual report of the steering committee on preventing and combating criminals. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons (art. 119 and 120), 2012-June 2015
Source: The supreme people’s procuracy of Viet Nam.
487 507 469
200
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2012 2013 2014 Jan-June2015
453 416 389
198
050
100150200250300350400450500
2012 2013 2014 Jan-June2015
Persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by level of conviction and article of the criminal code used, 2012-June 2015
Source: The supreme people’s court of Viet Nam. Victims
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, 2012-June 2015
Source: Annual report of the steering committee on preventing and combating criminals. All detected victims were citizens of Viet Nam, trafficked either domestically or abroad. When trafficked abroad, victims were repatriated from China, Malaysia, and other countries in East Asia. Source: Annual report of the steering committee on preventing and combating criminals/Immigration Department of the Ministry of Public Security of Viet Nam.
79
2
307
49
125
1
295
89114
13
306
9046
3
150
23
Personsconvicted in first
instance(art120)
Personsconvicted in
appeal (art 120)
Personsconvicted in first
instance(art119)
Personsconvicted in
appeal (art 119)
2012 2013 2014 Jan-June2015
1206
871 903
449
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2012 2013 2014 Jan-June2015
