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EAS 2200 Earth Systems Lab Sessions (1146 Snee Hall). TA: Chen Chen Office: 4144 Snee Hall Email: [email protected] Lab: Tu , Wed, 2PM - 4:25PM Office Hour: Thursday, 3PM – 5PM . Textbook: Lab notebook (bring it every week) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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EAS 2200 Earth SystemsLab Sessions (1146 Snee Hall)
TA: Chen ChenOffice: 4144 Snee Hall
Email: [email protected]: Tu, Wed, 2PM - 4:25PM
Office Hour: Thursday, 3PM – 5PM
• Textbook: Lab notebook (bring it every week)
• Website: http://www.geo.cornell.edu/eas/education/course/descr/EAS220/
• Lab Schedule: 12 indoor labs and 2 field trips
• Due Friday at 3PM: Mailbox on second floor
or my office
• No Late Labs!
• Topographic Map: 2-D representation of 3-D of Earth’s surface Contour lines show elevation eg: Fig 1 (next slide), Figure 7-B (Lab notebook)
GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology
Fig. 1 Example of Topographic Map [1]
Rules for Contour lines
• Index Contours• Contour Intervals• How to draw contour lines: a. have points: line the points on the same elevation b. have contour lines: interpolation; extrapolation• Streams; Overhanging Cliff; Vertical Cliff;
Depression Contours; Steepness
GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology
Fig. 2 Index Contour; Contour Interval [2]
Streams: V pattern;Apex of V points upstream (uphill)
Fig. 3 Streams on topographic map [3]GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology
Contour Lines never cross each other except: where the overhanging cliff is present
Fig.4 Overhanging Cliff [4]GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology
Fig. 5 Vertical Cliff [5]
Contour lines merge to form a single contour line
GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology
Depression contours: hatchure on the downhill side represent closed depressions
Steepness: Steep slope: close contour lines; Gentle slope: far apart contour lines Fig. 6 Depression Contours [6]
GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology
Other Stuff for Reading Map
• Relief: elevation difference between 2 points • Gradient: Relief / Distance between 2 points• Valley: High elevation on both sides• Ridge: High elevation in the middle• Top of the hill: contour lines repeat on
opposite sides of a depression• Side of the hill: only repeat on one side
GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology
When it comes to complicated maps…
• Latitude and Longitude• Map Legend• Scales• PLS (Public Land Survey System)• GPS (Global Positioning System• UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator System)
GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology
Complicated maps cont’
• Ithaca’s Location: 42°26’36”N, 76°30’0”W• Latitude: 0 degree at equator; 90 N & S at
poles• Longitude: east or west of Prime Meridian
(which runs through Greenwich, England)• Quadrangle: section of Earth’s surface
bounded by latitude and longitude
GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology
Complicated maps cont’
• Scales: • 1: 24,000: Ratio Scale• 1/24,000: Fractional Scale• One inch on the map equals one mile on the
ground: Verbal Scale• Bar Scale:
GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology
Complicated maps cont’
• PLS: (United States) Public Land Survey System• Principal Meridians: N – S lines• Base Lines: E – W lines• Township (T1N, T2N) and Range (R1W, R2W)• Township (6 * 6 miles) 36 Section• Section NW ¼, NE ¼, SW ¼, SE ¼. And can be
further divided• Go from SMALLEST to BIGGEST when write this up
GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology
W
What is located in the SW1/4, SW1/4, sec. 14, T2S, R3W?
Complicated maps cont’
• GPS: Use Satellites to define position on the Earth relative to the World Geodetic System – based on UTM
• UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator System): 60 N – S zones. (the surface of Earth between 80°S and 84°N latitude)
• Specify a position: Easting coordinates, distance from W to E, in meters
Northing coordinates, distance from equator (10,000,000 meters)GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology
Topographic Profile and Vertical Exaggeration
• Topographic Profile: cross section • Mark the section line with elevation
information• Write down marks on a sheet of paper; two
ends; streams• Calculate vertical exaggeration: • (I prefer this one…)
€
vertical( fractional)horizontal( fractional)
GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology
References• www.town.ithaca.ny.us/trans/facts/maps/3%20Topographic%20Map.pdf• http://www.athro.com/geo/topo/image_f_stream.jpeg• http://ozultimate.com/bushwalking/walk/722/125_2582.jpg• http://dogonlanguages.org/photos/057_07_vertical_fracture_in_cliff_Kikara_JH.JPG• http://www.iupui.edu/~geogdept/g108/cont_3.gif