Earths Changing Crust

Earths Changing Crust

GeologistScientists who study the forces that make and shape the Earthgeorefers to the earth

CrustLayer of rock that forms Earths outer skin

The outer shell of the Earth is called the CRUST

MantleLayer of hot, solid material between the crust and the core The next layer is called the MANTLE

CoreThe 2 innermost layers of the Earth

Outer core (liquid)

Inner core (solid)

Earthquakes

~Caused by the movement of rock beneath Earths surface~Earths crust is constantly moving

FaultsA break in Earths crustRocks on both sides can move up, down or sidewaysMovement along faults form mountains and valleysCaused by CompressionTensionShearing

What causes a fault?CompressionTensionShearing

Different types of faults1. Strike-slip faults ( caused by shearing)Rocks on either side slip past each otherSlide past each other sideways, not up or down

2. Normal fault (caused by tension)Its at an angle so one block of rock hangs above and one hangs below

3. Reverse fault ( caused by compression)The blocks move in opposite directionsFormed part of the Appalachian Mountains

What are 3 kinds of faults?Strike-slipNormalReverseWhat kind of fault doesnt move up or down?Strike-slip

Richter Scale Rates the size of the seismic wavesInformation comes from a seismograph (Chinese)

A seismograph is the machine used to measure the movement of the Earths crust.

Plate tectonics - A theory that pieces of the Earths mantle are in constant, slow motion

tectonic /tektnik/ - Adjective:1.Of or relating to the structure of the earth's crust and the large-scale processes that take place within it.

MagmaHot, molten rock deep below Earths surface

LavaMagma that reaches the Earths surfaceMagma come from a Greek root which means thick ointment

. Magma and lava are identical substancesOne is above the surface of the Earth and the other is below the surface of the Earth.

WeatheringThe breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces

ErosionThe picking up and carrying away of pieces of rock

How do weathering and erosion work together to shape Earths surface?Weathering breaks down Earth surface and erosion carries away the broken-down pieces. What are 2 kinds of weathering?Physical ChemicalDeposition The dropping off of bits of eroded rock

Meteorite A chunk of rock from space that strikes a surface, such as Earth