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Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics
Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics
• Earth’s plates move around, collide, move apart, or slide past each other.
• The movement of these plates can cause vibrations known as earthquakes, and can create conditions that cause volcanoes.
Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics
Question: Is there a correlation between plate tectonics and volcano formation?
Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics
Divergent Plate Boundaries
• Tectonic plates move apart.–As plates separate, long cracks called rifts form between them.
–Rifts contain fractures that allow magma to flow to the surface.
Divergent Plate Boundaries
• Rift zones account for the most lava flow onto Earth’s surface.
Divergent Plate Boundaries
• Fissure eruptions often occur along rift zones. Divergent Boundary demo
Convergent Plate Boundaries
• Volcanoes often form along convergent plate boundaries.
• Two plates move toward each other. If the plates are of equal density, they push up against each other, forming a mountain chain. If they are of unequal density, one plate sinks beneath the other in a subduction zone. Convergent Boundary demo.
• Divergent, Convergent, Transform Boundaries video 6:08
Convergent Plate Boundaries
Hot Spots• Hot Spots: Large bodies of
magma are forced upward through Earth’s mantle and crust.
• Hot Spots video 3:00
Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics
• Review: Name the three methods that volcanoes can form.
1. Along rift lines.
2. Subduction zones
3. Hot spots
Moving Plates Cause Earthquakes
• Earthquakes often occur where tectonic plates come together.
Moving Plates Cause Earthquakes
• Question: Why do earthquakes occur in the shown locations?
Moving Plates Cause Earthquakes
• Earthquake locations have a close relationship with tectonic plate boundaries.
• Movement of these plates produces the forces that generate the energy to cause earthquakes.
Moving Plates Cause Earthquakes
• 80% of all earthquakes occur in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Moving Plates Cause Earthquakes
• Researchers learn much about Earth’s interior and plate tectonics by studying seismic waves.
• The way seismic waves pass through a material is determined by its properties.
• How Do Scientists Know What’s Inside the Earth? 1:22. Brain Pop; Plate Tectonics