Earth’s oceans

ocean from largest to smallest 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Home to an incredibly web of life.

Water on Earth

of the planet is covered by oceans

of the water on Earth is in the oceans

is locked in glaciers and ice caps

is fresh water in lakes, rivers, and aquifers

Ocean’s Elements

The ocean water is made up of and (water or H2O).

The other two main elements in ocean water are and

(salt or NaCl).

, sulfur and calcium are the next most abundant elements.

Sun’s Effect

Much of the sun’s radiation is in the oceans in the form of

, particularly at the equator.

The oceans help distribute this heat around the .

Some of the heat into the atmosphere, and some remains in the oceans.

Surface Ocean Currents

Aflow of water in a particular direction, created mainly by surface .

Surface ocean currents drive .

Warm water is transported from the towards the . Cold water is transported from the towards the .

Oceans, Unit 4 Notes

Surface Ocean Currents

Ocean currents help regulate global even if an area is hundreds of miles from the coast.

Without currents, regional temperatures would be more – super hot at the equator and at the poles.

Much more of the land would be .

Coriolis Effect

Because the Earth on its axis, circulating air is toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere.

This is the Effect.

The water at the ocean surface (Surface Ocean Currents) is moved primarily by

due to this certain .

Example - Gulf Stream

A powerful, , swift ocean current flowing in the Atlantic.

Originates in the and travels up the east coast of the U.S. before combining with the North Atlantic Drift.

Brings much temperatures to Western and Northern

than would otherwise occur.

Salinity

Measure of the amount of in the water. (salinity = saltiness)

Measured in parts per (ppt)

Average ocean salinity is . For every 1000 grams (1kg) of seawater, 35 grams are salt.

Average river salinity is

Salinity and Density

Density is affected by

Water with dissolved salts ( ) is . Water with without dissolved salts (lower or no ) is dense. The Great Salt Lake has very high salinity ( ). This makes it easy to

.

Temperature and Density

Density is affected by

Water with temperatures is . Water with temperatures is .

in the ocean move warm water towards the surface and cold water deep into the ocean.

Deep Ocean Currents

Driven by density differences in and

temperature and salinity is the

ocean water. Flows the surface of the ocean

Moves nutrients, oxygen, and with them.

Tides

Due to the of the moon. Causes the oceans to in the direction of the moon. Another bulge occurs on the of the Earth. Because of the Earth’s rotation, this happens a day.

Oceanic Crust

A thick layer of rock that separates the Earth’s from the hot

beneath it.

Different from continental crust in several ways.

Sea Floor Spreading

Plates 1 and 2 .

Magma rise, cools, and forming new igneous rock. This happens at .

The youngest rocks are found to the ridge.

occurs at plate boundaries

Seafloor Features

Continental – edge of the continent that lies under the ocean Continental – the break that descends toward the seafloor

Continental – final boundary between the continental crust and oceanic crust

– deep channels cut through the continental shelf

– underwater plain usually lying between the continental rise and mid-ocean ridge – covers more that 50% of the Earth’s surface

- Long, narrow depressions on the seafloor formed when plates collide

Trench – deepest part of the ocean (almost 7 miles deep)

– undersea mountains formed by volcanic activity – biological hotspots

Dependence on Oceans

supplies us with fresh water

Provides and excess carbon dioxide through plants

for food and fish oils Jobs

Tourism and recreation Effects our weather patterns

and oil

Human Impact

– over fishing or threatening fish environments

– 80% of marine pollution comes from land (runoff)

/Development – disrupts fragile marine environments

– sea surface temperatures rise impacting climate; also, sea levels rise

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

1. Answer:

2. Answer:

3. Answer:

4. Answer:

5. Answer:

6. Answer:

QUICK ACTION – OCEANS

1. Answer:

2. Answer:

3. Answer:

What ways does ____________________________ impact the ocean? (5+ sentences) – pick one from stations

Water in the World Distribution Chart

All water

Salt water (oceans/seas) ______%Fresh water _____%

Fresh water

Glaciers and Icecaps ______%Groundwater_____%

Surface water (accessible) ______%

Accessible surface water

Lakes______%Soil moisture_____%

Water vapor______%Rivers______%

Water within living things (biological water)______%

Earth 2100: Questions for discussion

1. What are the concerns that the documentary raises? What effect would this have on various disciplines within human geography (population, migration, politics, urban planning, industrial development)?

a. Population

b. Migration

c. Politics

d. Urban planning

e. Industrial development

2. What are your thoughts on population growth? Do you think excessive population growth can be sustained?

a. How?

3. To what extent has population growth influenced the way resources are allocated (given out)?

4. This documentary originally aired in 2009. We are now approaching 2020. Have any of the possible scenarios started?

5. What interventions has the global community taken, if any, to prevent these scenarios from happening?

6. Refer back to the first question. Where do you think these issues will stand in 2050? 2100?

7. Write 5 new ideas you learned from the video.

#1-

#2-

#3-

#4-

#5-

8. Rate the video on a scale of 1 to 10. 1= terrible, 10=informative. Why did you give it this rating?