Earth Science Unit 4 Test DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!!!!

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!!!!

1. Which climate conditions are typical of regionsnear the North Pole and the South Pole?

A. low temperature and low precipitation

B. low temperature and high precipitation

C. high temperature and low precipitation

D. high temperature and high precipitation

2. Compared to land surface temperature changes,water surface temperature changes occur

A. more slowly because water has a lowerspecific heat

B. more slowly because water has a higherspecific heat

C. faster because water has a lower specific heat

D. faster because water has a higher specific heat

3. Earth’s hydrosphere is best described as the

A. solid outer layer of Earth

B. liquid outer layer of Earth

C. magma layer located below Earth’s stiffermantle

D. gaseous layer extending several hundredkilometers from Earth into space

4. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)on the water cycle diagram shown below. Somearrows are numbered 1 through 4 and representvarious processes.

Which numbered arrow best represents the processof transpiration?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

5. The clouds have formed primarily because moistair

A. rises, expands, and cools

B. rises, expands, and warms

C. sinks, compresses, and cools

D. sinks, compresses, and warms

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6. The diagram below is a cross-sectional view ofrain falling on a farm field and then moving to thewater table.

Which word best describes the movement of therainwater through zone A?

A. runoff B. saturation

C. infiltration D. precipitation

7. Which process occurs when water vapor movesout of the leaves of a tree into the atmosphere?

A. condensation B. infiltration

C. runoff D. transpiration

8. The letters A through D in the cross section belowrepresent four of the processes that are part of thewater cycle.

Which table correctly matches each letter with theprocess that it represents?

A. Letter Process

A condensation

B precipitation

C transpiration

D evaporation

B. Letter Process

A evaporation

B condensation

C precipitation

D transpiration

C. Letter Process

A transpiration

B precipitation

C evaporation

D condensation

D. Letter Process

A condensation

B precipitation

C evaporation

D transpiration

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9. Most water vapor enters the atmosphere by theprocesses of

A. convection and radiation

B. condensation and precipitation

C. evaporation and transpiration

D. erosion and conduction

10. Which practice would most likely deplete anonrenewable natural resource?

A. harvesting trees on a tree farm

B. burning coal to generate electricity in a powerplant

C. restricting water usage during a period ofwater shortage

D. building a dam and a power plant to usewater to generate electricity

11. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)on the information and on your knowledge ofbiology.

A decade after the Exxon Valdez oiltanker spilled millions of gallons of crude[oil] off Prince William Sound in Alaska,most of the fish and wildlife species thatwere injured have not fully recovered.

Only two out of the 28 species, theriver otter and the bald eagle, listed as beinginjured from the 1989 spill are considered tobe recovered said a new report, which wasreleased by a coalition of federal and Alaskaagencies working to help restore the oil spillregion.

Eight species are considered to havemade little or no progress toward recoverysince the spill, including killer whales, harborseals, and common loons [a type of bird].

Several other species, including seaotters and Pacific herring, have madesignificant progress toward recovery, but arestill not at levels seen before the accident thereport said.

More than 10.8 million gallons of crudeoil spilled into the water when the tankerExxon Valdez ran aground 25 miles south ofValdez on March 24, 1989. The spill killedan estimated 250,000 seabirds, 2,800 seaotters, 300 harbor seals, 250 bald eagles, andup to 22 killer whales.

Billions of salmon and herring eggs, aswell as tidal plants and animals, were alsosmothered in oil.

Reuters

The oil spilled by the Exxon Valdez tanker is anexample of a

A. nonrenewable resource and is a source ofenergy

B. renewable resource and is a source of ATP

C. nonrenewable resource and synthesizes ATP

D. renewable resource and is a fossil fuel

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12. In order to reduce consumption of nonrenewableresources, humans could

A. burn coal to heat houses instead of using oil

B. heat household water with solar radiation

C. increase industrialization

D. use a natural-gas grill to barbecue instead ofusing charcoal

13. One likely reason some experimental automobileshave been developed to use electricity rather thangasoline is that

A. gasoline is made from petroleum, anonrenewable resource

B. Earth has an unlimited supply of fossil fuels

C. the use of electricity will eliminate the needfor all antipollution laws

D. the use of electricity will increase themanufacture of antipollution devices for cars

14. One way that humans could have a positive impacton local environments is to

A. generate waste products as a result oftechnological advances

B. use resources that are renewable

C. increase planting large areas of one crop

D. increase the use of pesticides

15. Which human activity would preserve finiteresources?

A. deforestation

B. removing carnivores from a forest

C. recycling aluminum

D. heating homes with fossil fuels

16. Depletion of nonrenewable resources is often aresult of

A. environmental laws

B. human population growth

C. reforestation

D. recycling

17. Many scientists are worried about some of Earth’sfinite resources because humans are

A. using carbon dioxide faster than it is beingproduced

B. placing industrial wastes in landfills

C. interfering with energy flow from consumersto producers

D. using large amounts of some materials thatcannot be renewed

18. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)on the diagram below, which shows a model of thewater cycle. Letters A through F represent someprocesses of the water cycle. Letter X indicatesthe top of the underground zone that is saturatedwith water.

The Water Cycle

The processes of transpiration and evaporation arerepresented by letters

A. A and B B. B and E

C. C and A D. D and E

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19. The entire area drained by a river and itstributaries is called a

A. delta B. watershed

C. valley D. floodplain

20. The arrows in the diagram below representprocesses in the water cycle.

Which processes in the water cycle are identifiedby the numbered arrows?

A. Process 1 is transpiration; process 2 is runoff.

B. Process 1 is precipitation; process 2 is runoff.

C. Process 1 is condensation; process 2 isinfiltration.

D. Process 1 is evaporation; process 2 isinfiltration.

21. Base your responses to the following questionson the diagram below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. The diagram represents portions ofthe water cycle. Letters A, B, and C representprocesses in the water cycle. Arrows show themovement of water.

What is the main source of energy for the watercycle?

22. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)on the model below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. The model shows the movement ofwater in the water cycle. Arrow A represents aprocess within the water cycle.

A portion of the land surface shown was recentlypaved with asphalt and concrete. Describe thechange in the amount of runoff and infiltration thatwill occur.

23. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)on the passage below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

The rapidly growing biofuel industryconverts resources such as corn plants,vegetable oils, and industrial wastes intoproducts that can be used to power carsand trucks, and heat homes. The increaseddemand for fossil fuel has led to theconstruction of factories to produce biofuels.A proposal has been made to build a biofuelfactory near Syracuse in New York State.

State one disadvantage of the increased use ofcorn for biofuels.

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24. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)on the diagram below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. The diagram represents a portionof a stream and its surrounding bedrock. Thearrows represent the movement of water moleculesby the processes of the water cycle. The watertable is indicated by a dashed line. Letter Arepresents a water cycle process occurring at aspecific location. Letter d represents the distancebetween the water table and the land surface.

Identify water cycle process A, which producescloud droplets.

25. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)on the passage below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

The rapidly growing biofuel industryconverts resources such as corn plants,vegetable oils, and industrial wastes intoproducts that can be used to power carsand trucks, and heat homes. The increaseddemand for fossil fuel has led to theconstruction of factories to produce biofuels.A proposal has been made to build a biofuelfactory near Syracuse in New York State.

State one advantage, other than decreased relianceon fossil fuels, of the increased production ofbiofuels in New York State.

26. Currently, Americans rely heavily on the burningof fossil fuels as sources of energy. As a resultof increased demand for energy sources, there isa continuing effort to find alternatives to burningfossil fuels.

Discuss fossil fuels and alternative energy sources.In your answer be sure to:

• state one disadvantage of burning fossilfuels for energy

• identify one energy source that is analternative to using fossil fuels

• state one advantage of using thisalternative energy source

• state one disadvantage of using thisalternative energy source

27. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)on the diagram below, which represents Earth’swater cycle. The arrows represent some watercycle processes. Letter A indicates a surfacelocation on Earth.

Other than evaporation, which water cycle processtransfers large amounts of water vapor into theatmosphere from the forest?

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28. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)on the model below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. The model shows the movement ofwater in the water cycle. Arrow A represents aprocess within the water cycle.

Identify one water cycle process represented byarrow A .

29. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)on the cross section below, which shows thegeneral pattern of water movement in the watercycle. Letter X represents a water-cycle process.

What process of the water cycle is representedby X?

30. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)on the information below and on your knowledgeof biology.

Each year, a New York State poweragency provides its customers withinformation about some of the fuel sourcesused in generating electricity. The tablebelow applies to the period of 2002–2003.

Fuel Sources Used

Fuel Source Percentage ofElectricityGenerated

hydro (water) 86

coal 5

nuclear 4

oil 1

solar 0

Using the information given, construct a bargraph, following the directions below.

Identify one fuel source in the table that isclassified as a renewable resource.

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