Earth Science Session 3Put all answers in your Science Journal labeled Session 3. Also put your Space Mission peers notes in your Science Journal as well as they present them to youVocabulary:solar system, galaxy, universe, Milky Way,star, fusion, hydrogenWatch the videos under Engage and Explore to aide you in answer the following

questions for each section:Types of Galaxies

How are elliptical, spiral, and irregular galaxies alike and different?

Structure of the Universe What makes up a galaxy?

What makes up the universe?

Lifecycle of a Star How do stars form? What happens during a star's life span? How does the amount of mass in a star affect its life cycle?

Space Mission Project…due on October 17th…presenting October 18th and 19thAll notes taken during your peers slideshow will also be on this test. As your peers are lecturing on their space mission you will be asked to record :The Title of their space mission, the date and two interesting facts.Your test on this portion will consist of a matching for the dates and the missions. There will also be another matching section for the facts versus the mission.

SPACE MISSION PROJECT ASSIGNMENTBeaty, AidanSputnik 1 and Sputnik 2Carollo, IsabellaVostok 1Carter, Caroline Apollo 1,4,5,6Chaknis, Andrew Apollo 11Easley, Jillian Apollo 13Esparza Jr, Catarino MIR Space StationFlaherty, Ava: ChallengerGonzalez, Joseph: Luna 1Kessler, DavidDiscoverer XIVMarino, MichelleGemini 3Hebson, Grace International Space Station

Miner, Alysha Gemini 6 and Gemini 7Paone, Giavanna: Apollo 7Perry, Kailee Mariner 9Petrie, Johnny: Mariner 10Rudzki, Maris: Viking 2Saintilus, MacKenson Deep Space 1Seton, Teagan Space Shuttle Discovery Daldine, Rachel Space Shuttle ColumbiaSmith, Sara : Mars ObserverVillanueva, Angelo: Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11

Space Mission Project Assignment: You are to create a visual teaching about the Space Mission you are assigned above. Along with that visual you are also going to provide your peers with a one page hand out that includes 5 multiple choice questions on the bottom.

On Time Due on October 17thVisual Neatness, Accurate and Detailed Can be a power point, diorama,

poster,etc.Informative sheet and questions All must be in your own words as I will

check to make sureTyped sheet to be turned in and copied by Mrs McNeill

Presentation to the class Must present your project to the class and you have 5 minutes

No longer than that amount of time will be allowed.

SPACE VISUAL TIMELINE

In 1942 the German V2 was the first rocket to reach 100km from the Earth’s surface (the boundary of space).

The rocket was designed by Wernher Von Braun, who later worked with NASA as the creator of the rockets that went to the moon.

In 1947, the first animals were launched into space. Fruit flies were used to study the effects of space travel on animals, and were chosen because they are more similar to humans than you might imagine!

The flies travelled with a supply of corn to eat on the flight.

Albert II, was the first monkey in space. He was a Rhesus monkey, a type of monkey that originally comes from Asia.

Albert went into space on 14th June, 1949 in a specially adapted American V2 rocket, that flew to a height of 83 miles from earth.

On 4th October 1957, Russia launched the first satellite into space; Sputnik 1, and the space age had properly begun!

Sputnik was the first satellite in orbit around the earth. Today there are over 500 working satellites in space. Sputnik means "Satellite" in Russian.

In November 1957, the Russian space dog Laika became the first animal to orbit the earth.

Laika travelled in a spacecraft known as Sputnik 2. Laika means "Barker" in Russian, and her mission helped scientists understand whether people could survive in space.

By 1959 Both American and Russian scientists were in a race to get a spacecraft to the Moon; the Russians made it first.

Space-probe Luna 2 crash-landed into the moon at a speed that would kill an astronaut if one had been travelling in it! It was ten more years until a human visited the moon's surface.

On 12th April 1961, Russian Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space. Gagarin's spacecraft, Vostok 1, completed one orbit of the earth, and landed about two hours after launch.

Gagarin had to bail out and land using his parachute, because the Vostok 1 was designed to crash land!

The first woman in space was Russian cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova.

After her 1963 mission, Valentina became an important member of the Russian Government, and has been awarded many honours and prizes for her achievements. A crater on the far side of the Moon is named after her!

In 1963 US President John F. Kennedy promised the world that the US would land men on the moon before 1970. Before risking people's lives, NASA sent a robot spaceship, to make sure they could land safely.

It was called Surveyor 1, and it made the second soft landing on the Moon on 30th May 1966, a few months after Russian probe Luna 9 landed successfully.

Once it had landed on the moon, the robotic spaceship Surveyor 1 started taking photographs of the moon's surface, which it transmitted back to excited scientists in America and around the world.

The scientists used this vital information about the terrain to work out how they might land people on the moon safely.

On 20th July 1969, Neil Armstrong, and then Buzz Aldrin took "one small step" and became the first men on the moon. The first words said on the moon were "the Eagle has landed". Their spaceship, Apollo 11 worked perfectly, flying them 250,000 miles to the moon, and bringing them all the way back safely to earth. Buzz was a childhood nickname - his real name was Edwin!

Two days into its journey to the moon, on 13th April 1970, Apollo 13 suffered an explosion caused by a wiring fault. Using only whatever was on board, NASA scientists and the astronauts on board improvised repairs to bring the crippled spaceship home.

The mission was a successful failure: although the crew never walked on the moon at least they made it home alive!

From 1971 American astronauts on the fourth, fifth and sixth Apollo missions enjoyed use of a moon car to explore the moon. Known as the Lunar Rover, it was electric powered, and had a top speed of 8mph.

It was designed and developed in only 17 months, by Boeing, the aeroplane company famous for making the Jumbo Jet. Find out more here.

In 1973, Russian space probe Mars 2 explored Mars, the fourth planet of the solar system.

The probe was made of two parts. One part stayed in orbit for a year, sending pictures of Mars back to earth. The other was to land and explore the surface of Mars, but it was destroyed when its parachute failed to open.

Until 12th April 1981 all spacecraft were designed to be used only once. The Space Shuttle, was designed to be reused for up to 100 visits to space, in an attempt to make space travel less expensive.

With five hugely powerful rocket motors, it can fly at more than 17,000 miles per hour. Six were been built, but none fly any more - NASA retired the last of the fleet in 2011.

On January 28th 1986, tragedy struck. Space Shuttle Challenger exploded shortly after launch, because of a fuel system failure. All seven astronauts on board were killed, and all shuttles were grounded for nearly three years.

This shocking accident reminded the world of the dangers of space travel, and the incredible bravery of all astronauts.

The MIR space station was built in sections, each piece launched by a rocket and then joined together in orbit. Construction started in 1986, with the last piece being fitted ten years later!

MIR was the first consistently inhabited long-term space station. MIR was destroyed in 2001 when it burned up as it crashed back to earth.

In 1989, Helen Sharman entered a competition to become the first British astronaut in space. After 18 months of intensive training, Helen was part of a Russian mission to the MIR space station.

She spent eight days in space conducting scientific experiments. She used to work for the sweet company that makes Mars bars!

In 2000 the first permanent crew moved into the International Space Station (ISS), where crews of astronauts have been living ever since.

The ISS is a huge space station for research and space exploration that began construction in 1986, with the final major module arriving in 2010.

On the 28th April 2001 American millionaire Dennis Tito became the first space tourist when he paid around 20 million dollars for a ride in a Russian Soyuz spacecraft.

Dennis spent a week in orbit, most of the time visiting the International Space Station. He had to train for 900 hours just to be a passenger!

On June 21st, 2004, SpaceShipOne made the first ever privately funded manned space flight. This space plane was built by a private aviation firm to win the 10 million dollar Ansari X Prize.

A new Airline, Virgin Galactic has been set up to offer private tourist flights into space, using a new version of this space plane. Despite a terrible crash in testing in 2014 in which a pilot was tragically killed, tickets remain available for flights starting around 2015.

As NASA began to plan retirement for the Space Shuttle, private companies began work on spacecraft to replace it. One of these companies, SpaceX, became the first to launch a privately funded liquid-fueled rocket into Orbit, the Falcon 1.

SpaceX now uses its Falcon rockets to launch their Dragon capsule - an unmanned vehicle that takes supplies to the ISS.

Launched in 2004, it took European Space Agency's Rosetta probe ten years to reach Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.

The World watched as the ESA team successfully oversaw a soft landing by their Philae lander, which conveyed valuable data from the Comet's surface.

The U.S. National Space Policy of 2010 set out goals for space exploration; to send humans to an asteroid by 2025 and to the planet Mars in the 2030s.

Many of the astronauts that will be involved in these exciting missions are only children right now!

Timeline 1957

October 4 - The Soviet

Union launched the first

satellite, Sputnik, into

space.

November 3 - The Soviet

spacecraft Sputnik 2 was

launched with a dog

named Laika on board.

Laika did not survive the

voyage. 1958

January 31 - Explorer 1

was the first satellite

launched by the United

States when it was sent

into orbit on January 31,

1958. It was designed and

built by the Jet Propulsion

Laboratory (JPL) of the

California Institute of

Technology. The satellite

was sent aloft from Cape

Canaveral in Florida by the

Jupiter C rocket that was

designed, built, and

launched by the Army

Ballistic Missile Agency

(ABMA) under the direction

of Dr. Wernher Von Braun. 1960

August 19 - The Soviet

craft Sputnik 5 was

launched, carrying the

dogs Strelka and Belka.

They became the first

living beings to survive a

trip into space. 1961

April 12 - Russian

cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

became the first human in

space.

May 5 - Astronaut Alan

Shepard became the first

American in space.

May 25 - President

Kennedy challenged the

country to put a man on

the moon by the end of the

decade. 1962

February 20 - Astronaut

John Glenn became the

first American in orbit.

June 16 - Valentina

Nikolayeva Tereshkova

became the first woman in

space. 1965

March 18 - While tethered

to his spacecraft,

cosmonaut Alexi Leonov

became the first man to

walk in space.

June 3 - Astronaut Ed

White became the first

American to walk in space.

July 14 - The spacecraft

Mariner 4 transmitted the

first pictures of Mars. 1966

February 3 - The Russian

spacecraft Luna 9 became

the first spacecraft to land

on the moon.

June 2 - Surveyor 1

became the first American

spacecraft to land on the

moon.1967

January 27 - Astronauts

Gus Grissom, Ed White,

and Roger Chaffee were

killed in an accidental fire

in a command module on

the launch pad.

April 24 - Cosmonaut

Vladimir M. Komarov was

killed in a crash when the

parachute on his Soyuz 1

spacecraft failed to deploy.

October 18 - A descent

capsule from the Soviet

probe Venera 4 collected

data about the atmosphere

of Venus. 1968

September 15 - The Soviet

spacecraft Zond 5 was

launched and later became

the first spacecraft to orbit

the moon and return to

Earth.

December 21 - Apollo 8

was launched, and later

her crewmembers became

the first men to orbit the

moon. 1969

July 20 - Neil Armstrong

and "Buzz" Aldrin became

the first men on the moon. 1970

April 11 - Apollo 13 was

launched.

September 12 - The Soviet

craft Luna 16 was

launched and became the

first automatic spacecraft

to return soil samples of

the moon.

November 17 - The Soviet

automatic robot Lunokhod

1 landed on the moon with

Luna 17.

December 15 - The Soviet

Venera 7 became the first

probe to land on Venus. 1971

April 19 - The Soviet space

station Salyut 1 was

launched.

July 30 - The moon rover

was driven on the moon for

the first time.

November 13 - The

Mariner 9 probe became

the first craft to orbit

another world - Mars. 1972

December 11 - Eugene

Cernan and Harrison

"Jack" Schmitt became the

last men to walk on the

moon. 1973

May 14 - The U.S.

launched its first space

station, Skylab.1975

July 17 - The American

Apollo 18 and Soviet

Soyuz 19 dock in the

Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. 1976

September - The American

probe Viking 2 discovered

water frost on the Martian

surface. 1977

August and September -

Voyagers 1 and 2 were

launched. (Voyager 2 was

launched before Voyager

1, but Voyager 1 was on a

faster trajectory.) 1979

March and August -

Voyagers 1 and 2 began

transmitting images of

Jupiter and her moons.

September - The U.S.

probe Pioneer 11 reached

Saturn and began

transmitting images. 1980

November 13 - Voyager 1

reached Saturn and began

transmitting images. 1981

April 12 - Columbia

became the first Space

Shuttle to be launched.

August 26 - Voyager 2

reached Saturn and began

transmitting images. 1983

April 4 - The second Space

Shuttle, Challenger, was

launched.

June 19 - Sally Ride

became the first American

woman in space on

Challenger’s second

mission.

August 30 - Guion Bluford

became the first African-

American in space. 1984

February 3 - Astronaut

Bruce McCandless

became the first man to

take an untethered space

walk.

August 30 - The third

Space Shuttle, Discovery,

was launched.

October - Kathryn Sullivan

became the first American

woman to walk in space. 1985

October 3 - Atlantis, the

fourth Space Shuttle, was

launched.1986

January 24 - Voyager 2

began transmitting images

from Uranus.

January 28 - The Space

Shuttle Challenger

exploded seconds after

liftoff.

February 20 - The core

section of the Space

Station Mir was launched. 1989

August - Voyager 2 began

transmitting images from

Neptune.1990

August 10 - The Magellan

spacecraft began mapping

the surface of Venus using

radar equipment.

August 24 - The Space

Shuttle Discovery deployed

the Hubble Space

Telescope. 1992

May 7 - The Space Shuttle

Endeavor was launched on

her maiden voyage.

September 12 - Mae

Jemison became the first

African-American woman

in space. 1993

December - The Space

Shuttle Endeavor made the

first servicing mission of

the Hubble Space

Telescope. 1994

February 3 - Sergei

Krikalev became the first

Russian cosmonaut to fly

on a Space Shuttle. 1995

February 2 - Eileen Collins

became the first female

Shuttle pilot.

December - The Galileo

probe began transmitting

data on Jupiter. 1997

July 4 - The Mars

Pathfinder arrived on Mars

and later began

transmitting images. 1998

October 29 - John Glenn

became the oldest man in

space.1999

July 23 - Eileen Collins

became the first female

Shuttle Commander. 2000

February 14 - The U.S.

Near Earth Asteroid

Rendezvous (NEAR)

spacecraft began

transmitting images of the

asteroid Eros. 2001

February 12 - NEAR

landed on the surface of

Eros.

April 28 - American Dennis

Tito became the first tourist

in space after paying the

Russian space program

$20,000,000. 2003

February 1 - The Space

Shuttle Columbia broke up

on re-entry into the Earth’s

atmosphere.

February 13 - An

investigative panel found

that superheated air almost

certainly seeped through a

breach in space shuttle

Columbia’s left wing and

possibly its wheel

compartment during the

craft’s fiery descent,

resulting in the deaths of

all seven astronauts.

August 25 - NASA

launched the largest-

diameter infrared telescope

ever in space, the Spitzer

Space Telescope.

September 21 - NASA’s

Galileo mission ended a

14-year exploration of the

solar system’s largest

planet and its moons with

the spacecraft crashing by

design into Jupiter at

108,000 mph.

2004

January 14 - President

Bush proposed a new

space program that would

send humans back to the

moon by 2015 and

establish a base to Mars

and beyond.

July 1 - The Cassini

spacecraft sent back

photographs of Saturn’s

shimmering rings.2005

July 3 - A NASA spacecraft

collided with a comet half

the size of Manhattan,

creating a brilliant cosmic

smashup designed to help

scientists study the

building blocks of life on

earth.

July 26 - Space Shuttle

Discovery was launched

with seven astronauts

aboard; this was America’s

first manned space shot

since the 2003 Columbia

disaster.2006

January 15 - NASA

spacecraft Stardust

returned safely to Earth in

a desert near Salt Lake

City with the first dust ever

collected from a comet.2007

August 4 - NASA launched

its Phoenix Mars Lander.

August 8 - Space Shuttle

Endeavour and a crew of

seven blasted off with

teacher-astronaut Barbara

Morgan aboard as a

crewmember. Morgan was

the first teacher in space

since the Challenger

disaster in 1986.2008

January 14 - The NASA

space probe Messenger

skimmed 124 miles above

Mercury.

May 25 - NASA’s Phoenix

Mars Lander landed safely

and began sending images

home after a 10-month,

422 million-mile journey.

Scientists later reported

that Phoenix discovered

chunks of ice.2009

March 6 - The NASA

spacecraft Kepler was

launched. Its mission is to

search for planets outside

our solar system, in a

distant area of the Milky

Way.

June 18 - NASA launched

the Lunar Crater

Observation and Sensing

Satellite, also known as

LCROSS. The mission is

to confirm the presence or

absence of ice on the

moon. On November 13,

2009, NASA scientists

announced the discovery

of a "significant amount" of

ice in a crater near the

moon’s South Pole. 2010

October 10 - Virgin

Galactic, a private

company, announced the

successful first manned

glide flight of the VSS

Enterprise. This vehicle is

a suborbital plane

designed to take private

citizens on suborbital

space flights.

October 11 - President

Barack Obama signed

legislation focusing

NASA’s efforts on

exploring Mars and the

asteroids.

December 8 - A private

company named SpaceX

launched a spacecraft into

orbit and returned it to

earth safely. It was the first

non-government

organization to accomplish

this. 2011

July 8 - The space shuttle

Atlantis became the last

American space shuttle to

be launched into space.

Mission STS-135 and its 4-

member crew brought

much-needed supplies and

equipment to the

International Space Station

(ISS).

July 16 - NASA's Dawn

spacecraft became the first

man made craft to orbit an

asteroid.

November 26 - NASA

launched Curiosity, the

biggest, best equipped

robot ever sent to explore

another planet. It will reach

Mars in 2012. 2012

May 22 - SpaceX, a

commercial space

company, launched its

Dragon C2+ mission to

resupply the International

Space Station (ISS).

August - NASA’s

Voyager 1 probe, launched

in 1977, entered interstellar

space.

August 6 - NASA's

Curiosity rover successfully

landed on Mars. As large

as a car, it carried an array

of advanced new

instruments and

experiments. 2013

September 7 - NASA

launched the unmanned

LADEE spacecraft from

NASA's Wallops Flight

Facility in Virginia. It was

the U.S. space agency's

third lunar probe in five

years.

December 24 - NASA

astronauts wrapped up

successful repairs at the

International Space Station

after a rare Christmas Eve

spacewalk to fix an equipment cooling system.