Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences · mineral physics, igneous petrology; ... the history of climate change during the recent ice age, ... Earth, Environmental and Planetary

Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences 1


Earth, Environmentaland Planetary SciencesChairGreg Hirth

Students in Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences develop acomprehensive grasp of principles as well as an ability to think criticallyand creatively. Formal instruction places an emphasis on fundamentalprinciples, processes, and recent developments, using lecture, seminar,laboratory, colloquium, and field trip formats. Undergraduates as well asgraduate students have opportunities to carry out research in current fieldsof interest.

The principal research fields of the department are geochemistry,mineral physics, igneous petrology; geophysics, structural geology,tectonophysics; environmental science, hydrology; paleoceanography,paleoclimatology, sedimentology; and planetary geosciences. Emphasisin these different areas varies, but includes experimental, theoretical, andobservational approaches as well as applications to field problems. Fieldstudies of specific problems are encouraged rather than field mapping forits own sake. Interdisciplinary study with other departments and divisionsis encouraged.

For additional information, please visit the department's website: http://www.brown.edu/academics/earth-environmental-planetary-sciences/

Geological Sciences ConcentrationRequirementsGeological science involves the study of the Earth (and other planetarybodies), including their compositions and histories and the physicalchemical and biological processes that shape them. The geosciences arehighly interdisciplinary, thus students must take some supporting mathand science courses. Geoscience courses emphasize a process-orientedapproach, with hands-on experiences in labs and on field trips. There isa strong emphasis on active and collaborative learning, and on practicein communication. Students may choose an AB (total of 13 courses) oran ScB (19 total courses, including one semester of research). Thereare many opportunities for students to do research work (typically in paidpositions) during the academic year or in the summer, in areas suchas deformation and properties of geological materials, deciphering thegeologic history of some local rocks, or analysis of planetary images.

Standard program for the A.B. degreeThis program provides a broad introduction to the geological sciences.Recommended for students seeking a liberal education and a generalunderstanding of Earth processes and Earth history. Especially attractivefor double concentrations, such as geology and economics as a careerpath to law or business, or geology and English as a career path tojournalism or technical writing.

Basic supporting science coursesCHEM 0330 Equilibrium, Rate, and Structure (or

advanced placement)1

Select three of the following: 3MATH 0090 Introductory Calculus, Part IMATH 0100 Introductory Calculus, Part II (or more

advanced)PHYS 0050 Foundations of MechanicsPHYS 0060 Foundations of Electromagnetism and

Modern Physics (or more advanced)ENGN 0030 Introduction to EngineeringENGN 0040 Dynamics and Vibrations (or more

advanced)BIOL 0200 The Foundation of Living Systems (or

more advanced)

Concentration coursesGEOL 0220 Physical Processes in Geology 1GEOL 0230 Geochemistry: Earth and Planetary

Materials and Processes1

GEOL 0240 Earth: Evolution of a Habitable Planet 1Select two of the following: 2

GEOL 1410 MineralogyGEOL 1420 PetrologyGEOL 1450 Structural Geology

Select two of the following: 2GEOL 0310 Fossil RecordGEOL 1110 Estuarine OceanographyGEOL 1240 Stratigraphy and SedimentationGEOL 1330 Global Environmental Remote SensingGEOL 1370 Environmental GeochemistryA field course

Select two additional courses from upper level geologicalsciences, mathematics, or supporting sciences with approvalfrom the departmental concentration advisor.

2

Total Credits 13

Standard program for the Sc.B. degreeThis program is recommended for students interested in graduate studyand careers in the geosciences and related fields.

Basic supporting science coursesSelect two courses in mathematics at the level of: 2

MATH 0090 Introductory Calculus, Part IMATH 0100 Introductory Calculus, Part IIor another more advanced math or statistics course

CHEM 0330 Equilibrium, Rate, and Structure (oradvanced placement)

1

Select one of the following Series: 2PHYS 0050& PHYS 0060

Foundations of Mechanicsand Foundations of Electromagnetism andModern Physics (or more advanced) 1

ENGN 0030& ENGN 0040

Introduction to Engineeringand Dynamics and Vibrations (or moreadvanced)



GEOL 0240 Earth: Evolution of a Habitable Planet 1GEOL 0310 Fossil Record 1GEOL 1240 Stratigraphy and Sedimentation 1GEOL 1410 Mineralogy 1GEOL 1420 Petrology 1GEOL 1450 Structural Geology 1A field course, or approved substitute 1Select four courses from upper level geological sciences,mathematics, or supporting sciences with approval from thedepartmental concentration advisor.

4

GEOL 1970 Individual Study of Geologic Problems(Senior Research Thesis)

1

Total Credits 191

Advanced placement may be substituted for the first semester ofphysics.

2 Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences


Geology-Biology ConcentrationRequirementsGeology-Biology involves study of the interactions of the Earth and itshydrosphere and atmosphere with the great diversity of life forms, andhow they have evolved and influenced one another over the entire historyof the Earth. Many courses emphasize climate and biogeochemistry;this concentration is a good one for students interested in quantitativeapproaches to environmental science. Students take a basic suite ofgeoscience courses and at least 4 bio courses of their choosing, plussome supporting math and science courses; the AB degree requires atotal of 14 courses and the ScB degree requires a total of 19, includingone semester of research. There is a strong emphasis on active andcollaborative learning, and on practice in communication. There are manyopportunities for students to do research work (typically in paid positions)during the academic year or in the summer, in areas such as determiningthe history of climate change during the recent ice age, investigating thecauses of major extinctions, and using paleoenvironmental records todetermine the vulnerability of different regions of the globe to droughts andother processes that strongly affect society.

Standard program for the A.B. degreeThis program provides a broad introduction to the geologic and biologicprocesses that shape the Earth and our environment. It is recommendedfor students seeking a liberal education and a general understanding ofEarth processes, including the evolution of climate and the environment,global environmental change and Earth history. The program preparesstudents for careers in environmental science, geology, ecology,oceanography, and global change.

Basic supporting science coursesBIOL 0200 The Foundation of Living Systems (or

more advanced)1


1

Select two courses in mathematics and/or physics at the level of: 2MATH 0090 Introductory Calculus, Part I (or more

advanced)PHYS 0050 Foundations of Mechanics (or more

advanced)ENGN 0030 Introduction to Engineering (or more

advanced, or courses in data analysis andstatistics)



GEOL 0240 Earth: Evolution of a Habitable Planet 1GEOL 1240 Stratigraphy and Sedimentation 1Select three Biology courses from the following: 3

BIOL 0390 Vertebrate Evolution and DiversityBIOL 0410 Invertebrate ZoologyBIOL 0415 Microbes in the EnvironmentBIOL 0420 Principles of EcologyBIOL 0430 The Evolution of Plant DiversityBIOL 0440 Inquiry in Plant Biology: Analysis of Plant

Growth, Reproduction and AdaptiveResponses

BIOL 0480 Evolutionary BiologyBIOL 1470 Conservation BiologyBIOL 1480 Terrestrial Biogeochemistry and the

Functioning of EcosystemsBIOL 1500 Plant Physiological EcologyBIOL 1880 Comparative Biology of the Vertebrates

Three geological sciences courses from the following: 3

GEOL 0580 Foundations of Physical HydrologyGEOL 1110 Estuarine OceanographyGEOL 1120 PaleoceanographyGEOL 1130 Ocean Biogeochemical CyclesGEOL 1150 Limnology: The Study of LakesGEOL 1330 Global Environmental Remote SensingGEOL 1370 Environmental GeochemistryGEOL 1380 Environmental Stable IsotopesGEOL 1510 Introduction to Atmospheric Dynamics

Total Credits 14

Standard program for the Sc.B. degreeThis program is recommended for students interested in graduate studyand careers in the Earth, Environmental, or Biological Sciences. It isrelevant for students interested in environmental science, paleoclimate,Earth systems science, biogeochemistry, oceanography, or paleobiology.

Five basic supporting science coursesBIOL 0200 The Foundation of Living Systems (or

more advanced)1


1

PHYS 0050 Foundations of Mechanics (or moreadvanced)

1

or ENGN 0030 Introduction to EngineeringSelect two courses in mathematics at the level of: 2

MATH 0090 Introductory Calculus, Part IMATH 0100 Introductory Calculus, Part II (or more

advanced, or advanced courses in dataanalysis)

Fourteen (14) concentration coursesGEOL 0220 Physical Processes in Geology 1GEOL 0230 Geochemistry: Earth and Planetary


GEOL 0240 Earth: Evolution of a Habitable Planet 1GEOL 1240 Stratigraphy and Sedimentation 1Three biology courses from the following: 3

BIOL 0390 Vertebrate Evolution and DiversityBIOL 0410 Invertebrate ZoologyBIOL 0415 Microbes in the EnvironmentBIOL 0420 Principles of EcologyBIOL 0430 The Evolution of Plant DiversityBIOL 0440 Inquiry in Plant Biology: Analysis of Plant

Growth, Reproduction and AdaptiveResponses

BIOL 0480 Evolutionary BiologyBIOL 1470 Conservation BiologyBIOL 1480 Terrestrial Biogeochemistry and the

Functioning of EcosystemsBIOL 1500 Plant Physiological EcologyBIOL 1880 Comparative Biology of the Vertebrates

Three geological sciences courses from the following: 3GEOL 0580 Foundations of Physical HydrologyGEOL 1110 Estuarine OceanographyGEOL 1120 PaleoceanographyGEOL 1130 Ocean Biogeochemical CyclesGEOL 1150 Limnology: The Study of LakesGEOL 1330 Global Environmental Remote SensingGEOL 1370 Environmental GeochemistryGEOL 1380 Environmental Stable IsotopesGEOL 1510 Introduction to Atmospheric Dynamics



Three additional courses from upper level geological sciences,mathematics, or supporting sciences with approval from theconcentration advisor

3

GEOL 1970 Individual Study of Geologic Problems(Senior Research Thesis)

1

Total Credits 19

Geology-Chemistry ConcentrationRequirementsGeochemistry involves two different emphases. Low-temperaturegeochemistry involves study of chemical and biochemical processeson and near Earth’s surface, including land, oceans and freshwaterbodies, and how the geochemical record reflects climate conditions. High-temperature geochemistry includes study of formation and evolution ofthe Earth and other planets, magma formation and properties, volcanicactivity, and metamorphism. The AB degree requires a total of 14 courses,including 5 geoscience courses and 4 chemistry courses, and a fewsupporting math and physics courses. The ScB degree requires a totalof 20 courses, including 7 geoscience courses and 4 chemistry courses,either with an organic or an inorganic focus, plus some supporting mathand physics courses and one research course. Geoscience coursesemphasize a process-oriented approach, with hands-on experiencesin labs and on field trips. There is a strong emphasis on active andcollaborative learning, and on practice in communication. There are manyopportunities for students to do research work for pay during the academicyear or in the summer, in areas such as experimental studies of magmaformation, and analyzing lunar rock samples for water content.

Standard program for the A.B. degreeRecommended for students seeking a liberal education and interestedin applying physical and chemical principles toward an understanding ofEarth history, Earth processes, and environmental and resource issues.

Basic supporting science coursesSelect two courses in mathematics at the level of: 2

MATH 0090 Introductory Calculus, Part I (or moreadvanced)

MATH 0100 Introductory Calculus, Part II (or moreadvanced)

CHEM 0330 Equilibrium, Rate, and Structure 1PHYS 0050 Foundations of Mechanics (or a

more advanced course, or advancedplacement.)

1

or ENGN 0030 Introduction to EngineeringConcentration coursesGEOL 0220 Physical Processes in Geology 1GEOL 0230 Geochemistry: Earth and Planetary


GEOL 0240 Earth: Evolution of a Habitable Planet 1Three additional chemistry courses 3Select one of the following Series: 2

GEOL 1410& GEOL 1420

Mineralogyand Petrology

GEOL 1130& GEOL 1370

Ocean Biogeochemical Cyclesand Environmental Geochemistry

Two additional courses from upper level geological sciences,math, or supporting sciences with approval from the departmentconcentration advisor.

2

Total Credits 14

Standard program for the Sc.B. degreeThis program is recommended for students interested in graduate studyand careers in geochemistry and related fields.

Basic Supporting Science Courses:Select two courses in mathematics at the level of: 2

MATH 0090 Introductory Calculus, Part I (or moreadvanced)

MATH 0100 Introductory Calculus, Part II (or moreadvanced)

CHEM 0330 Equilibrium, Rate, and Structure 1Select one of the following series: 2

PHYS 0050& PHYS 0060

Foundations of Mechanicsand Foundations of Electromagnetism andModern Physics 1

ENGN 0030& ENGN 0040

Introduction to Engineeringand Dynamics and Vibrations

or a more advanced courseConcentration Courses:Either the geochemistry/inorganic option or the geochemistry/organic option:

10

Geochemistry/Inorganic Option:GEOL 0220 Physical Processes in GeologyGEOL 0230 Geochemistry: Earth and Planetary

Materials and ProcessesGEOL 0240 Earth: Evolution of a Habitable PlanetGEOL 1130 Ocean Biogeochemical Cycles

or GEOL 1370 Environmental GeochemistryGEOL 1410 MineralogyGEOL 1420 PetrologyPlus one from:GEOL 1240 Stratigraphy and SedimentationGEOL 1330 Global Environmental Remote SensingGEOL 1450 Structural GeologyThree from:CHEM 0350 Organic ChemistryCHEM 0500 Inorganic ChemistryCHEM 1060 Advanced Inorganic ChemistryCHEM 1140 Physical Chemistry: Quantum ChemistryCHEM 1150 Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics and

Statistical MechanicsGeochemistry/Organic Option:GEOL 0220 Physical Processes in GeologyGEOL 0230 Geochemistry: Earth and Planetary

Materials and ProcessesGEOL 0240 Earth: Evolution of a Habitable PlanetGEOL 1130 Ocean Biogeochemical CyclesGEOL 1370 Environmental GeochemistryGEOL 1410 MineralogyPlus one from:GEOL 1240 Stratigraphy and SedimentationGEOL 1330 Global Environmental Remote SensingGEOL 1380 Environmental Stable IsotopesThree Chemistry courses:CHEM 0350 Organic ChemistryCHEM 0360 Organic ChemistryPlus one additional chemistry course

Four additional courses from upper level geological sciences,mathematics, or supporting sciences with approval of thedepartmental concentration advisor

4

GEOL 1970 Individual Study of Geologic Problems 1

Total Credits 201

Advanced placement may be substituted for the first semester ofphysics.



Geology-Physics/MathematicsConcentration RequirementsGeophysics involves the application of physics and mathematics tothe study of processes that operate on and within the Earth and otherplanets, over short and long timescales. The AB degree requires a totalof 14 courses, including 6 geoscience courses, 3 physics or engineeringcourses, and 3 math and applied math courses. The ScB degree requiresa total of 20 courses, including 8 geoscience courses, 4 physics orengineering courses, and 3 math and applied courses; students canchoose courses from both solid Earth geophysics and climate sciencethemes. Geoscience courses emphasize an analytical and process-oriented approach, with hands-on experiences in labs and on fieldtrips. Active and collaborative learning is encouraged, as is practicein written and oral communication. There are many opportunities forstudents to engage in research (typically in paid positions) during theacademic year or in the summer, in areas such as analysis of seismicwaves in subduction zones, theoretical modeling of convection in theEarth’s mantle, modeling the effects of the warming climate in the oceansand atmosphere, and remote sensing of how climate change affectsvegetation.

Standard program for the A.B. degreeRecommended for students seeking a liberal education and interested inapplying physical and mathematical principles toward an understandingof the processes affecting planets, Earth, and the environment and howthey are modeled. Some course requirements may be flexible based onconsultation with concentration advisor.

GEOL 0220 Physical Processes in Geology 1GEOL 0250 Computational Approaches to Modelling

and Quantitative Analysis in NaturalSciences: An Introduction

1

or GEOL 0350 Mathematical Methods of Fluid and SolidGeophysics and Geology

Four theme courses (choose either the Solid EarthGeophysics Theme or the Climate Science Theme)

4

Solid Earth Geophysics ThemeGEOL 0230 Geochemistry: Earth and Planetary

Materials and Processes (solid Earthgeophysics theme)

GEOL 1610 Solid Earth Geophysics (solid Earthgeophysics theme)

And select two of the following:GEOL 1410 Mineralogy (solid Earth geophysics theme)GEOL 1420 PetrologyGEOL 1450 Structural Geology (solid Earth geophysics

theme)GEOL 1620 Continuum Physics of the Solid Earth

(solid Earth geophysics theme)Climate Science ThemeGEOL 0240 Earth: Evolution of a Habitable Planet

(climate science theme)GEOL 1350 Weather and ClimateAnd select two from the following:GEOL 1130 Ocean Biogeochemical Cycles (climate

science theme)GEOL 1310 Global Water Cycle (climate science

theme)GEOL 1430 Principles of Planetary Climate (climate

science theme)GEOL 1510 Introduction to Atmospheric Dynamics

(climate science theme))GEOL 1520 Ocean Circulation and Climate

Choose one of the following: 1PHYS 0050 Foundations of Mechanics

PHYS 0070 Analytical MechanicsENGN 0040 Dynamics and Vibrations

Choose one of the following: 1PHYS 0060 Foundations of Electromagnetism and

Modern PhysicsENGN 0310 Mechanics of Solids and StructuresENGN 0810 Fluid Mechanics 1

Choose one of the following: 1PHYS 0470 Electricity and MagnetismPHYS 0500 Advanced Classical MechanicsPHYS 1600 Computational PhysicsENGN 0510 Electricity and MagnetismENGN 0810 Fluid Mechanics 1,2

ENGN 1370 Advanced Engineering MechanicsGEOL 1820 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics

Three courses in Mathematics, including: 3APMA 0330 Methods of Applied Mathematics I, II

or APMA 0340 Methods of Applied Mathematics I, IICHEM 0330 Equilibrium, Rate, and Structure (or

advanced placement)1

One additional course from upper level geological sciences,mathematics, or supporting sciences with approval from thedepartmental concentration advisor. 3

1

Total Credits 141

One course cannot be used to satisfy two requirements.2

ENGN 0810 or GEOL 1820 are recommended for those completingthe Climate Science theme.

3In addition to courses listed elsewhere, in the Geology-Physics/Math concentrations, these courses are of particular relevance:GEOL 0810, GEOL 1320, GEOL 1710, GEOL 1960A.

Standard program for the Sc.B. degreeThis program is recommended for students interested in graduate studyand careers in geophysics, climate science and related fields. Studentswill be prepared to understand and use models, make measurements,and use theories of the processes studied in these fields. Some courserequirements may be flexible based on consultation with concentrationadvisor.

GEOL 0220 Physical Processes in Geology 1GEOL 1430 Principles of Planetary Climate 1GEOL 1610 Solid Earth Geophysics 1GEOL 0250 Computational Approaches to Modelling

and Quantitative Analysis in NaturalSciences: An Introduction

1

or GEOL 0350 Mathematical Methods of Fluid and SolidGeophysics and Geology

Five theme courses (choose either the Solid EarthGeophysics theme or the Climate Science Theme):

5

Solid Earth Geophysics ThemeGEOL 0230 Geochemistry: Earth and Planetary

Materials and ProcessesGEOL 1450 Structural GeologyGEOL 1620 Continuum Physics of the Solid EarthAnd choose two from the following:GEOL 1410 MineralogyGEOL 1420 PetrologyGEOL 1560 Global TectonicsGEOL 1650 Earthquake Seismology (Climate Science

Theme)Or a field courseClimate Science Theme



GEOL 0240 Earth: Evolution of a Habitable PlanetChoose one:GEOL 1510 Introduction to Atmospheric DynamicsGEOL 1520 Ocean Circulation and ClimateAnd choose three from the following: 1

GEOL 1130 Ocean Biogeochemical CyclesGEOL 1310 Global Water CycleGEOL 1330 Global Environmental Remote SensingGEOL 1510 Introduction to Atmospheric DynamicsGEOL 1520 Ocean Circulation and ClimateOr a field or sea course

PHYS 0050 Foundations of Mechanics 1or PHYS 0070 Analytical Mechanicsor ENGN 0040 Dynamics and Vibrations

PHYS 0060 Foundations of Electromagnetism andModern Physics

1

or ENGN 0310 Mechanics of Solids and Structuresor ENGN 0810 Fluid Mechanics

Select two of the following: 1,2 2PHYS 0470 Electricity and MagnetismPHYS 0500 Advanced Classical MechanicsPHYS 1600 Computational PhysicsENGN 0510 Electricity and MagnetismENGN 0810 Fluid MechanicsENGN 1370 Advanced Engineering MechanicsGEOL 1820 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics

Three courses in mathematics including 3APMA 0330 Methods of Applied Mathematics I, II

or APMA 0340 Methods of Applied Mathematics I, IITwo additional courses from upper level geological sciences,mathematics, or supporting sciences with approval from thedepartmental concentration advisor. 3

2

CHEM 0330 Equilibrium, Rate, and Structure 1GEOL 1970 Individual Study of Geologic Problems 1

Total Credits 201

One course cannot be used to satisfy two requirements2

ENGN 0810 or GEOL 1820 are recommended for those completingthe Climate Science theme.

3In addition to courses listed elsewhere, in the Geology-Physics/Math concentrations, these courses are of particular relevance:GEOL 0810, GEOL 1320, GEOL 1710, GEOL 1960A.

Geological Sciences Graduate ProgramThe department of Geological Sciences offers a graduate program leadingto the Doctor of Philosphy (Ph.D.) degree.

For more information on admission and program requirements, please visitthe following website:

http://www.brown.edu/academics/gradschool/programs/geological-sciences

CoursesGEOL 0010. Face of the Earth.Study of Earth's surface (e.g., mountains, rivers, shorelines) andprocesses which have created and modify it (e.g., glaciation, floods,volcanism, plate tectonics, earthquakes). The goals are to increaseappreciation and enjoyment of our natural surroundings and provide abetter understanding of environmental problems, natural resources, landuse, and geologic hazards. Four labs, plus a field trip. For nonscienceconcentrators (science concentrators should take GEOL 0220). StudentsMUST register for both components of this course (the lecture and one ofthe labs) during the SAME registration session. Enrollment limited to 100.Spr GEOL0010 S01 24128 MWF 10:00-10:50(03) (R. Cooper)

GEOL 0011. Geology in the Real World: Intersections BetweenGeology and Society.Do you know how the Earth and its processes affect you? If you want tolearn how geology influences the lives of everyone on Earth, this is theclass for you. We will use case studies, like the Tohoku earthquake thatdisplaced 200,000 people, to guide our exploration. Along the way, youwill learn to critically evaluate how science is presented in the media. Tenyears from now you might not remember how to tell gneiss from schist, butbecause of this class you should be able to tell your neighbor how geologyaffects the lives of everyone in the world.

GEOL 0030. Climate and Climate Change.This course is designed to provide students with an understanding ofthe climate system on Earth, changes in Earth's climate over time, andinteractions between climate change and human society. Topics willinclude: global energy balance; the structure, composition and role ofthe atmosphere and oceans; the influence of the global carbon cycle onclimate; the social, economic and political drivers of human perturbationsto the carbon cycle; and societal vulnerability, resilience and adaptivecapacity in the face of environmental changes. No prerequisites; courseopen to all levels. WRIT

GEOL 0050. Mars, Moon, and the Earth.Space exploration has revealed an astonishing array of surface featureson the planets and their satellites. Why are atmospheres on the planetsdifferent from Earth's atmosphere? Do other planets represent our past orfuture environment? Is there life on other planets? The planets and theirhistories are compared to gain insight and a new perspective on planetEarth.Fall GEOL0050 S01 15195 MWF 2:00-2:50(07) (J. Head)

GEOL 0070. Introduction to Oceanography.Examines the ocean's role in Earth's global environment, emphasizingthe dynamical interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere, biosphere,cryosphere, and lithosphere. Focus on physical/chemical/biologicalsystems' interconnections needed to understand natural andanthropogenic variability on various time and space scales, from El Niñoto global warming. Three lectures, written exercises on oceanographicproblems; two field trips to study estuarine and coastal processes.Spr GEOL0070 S01 24127 MWF 2:00-2:50(07) (S. Clemens)

GEOL 0160B. Global Change: Ecology and Climate.Examines ways in which global change will affect ecosystems, consideringhow temperature, rainfall, and land use can modify the distribution oforganisms in the future, and reduce biodiversity. Examine how bioticfeedbacks to global change can modify climate change through theireffects on the carbon cycle, absorption of sunlight at the land surface, andretention of water in soils. Enrollment limited to 19 first year students. FYS

GEOL 0160C. Global Environmental Change.Examination of evidence that supports or refutes various perspectiveson global environmental change, with a foundation in the principles thatgovern the fundamental underlying processes. Example topics includeclimate change (warming, cooling, neutral), population growth (howmany, how fast), and loss of natural resources (diversity). Topics exploredthrough selected readings from the natural and social sciences. Enrollmentlimited to 19 first year students. FYS



GEOL 0160D. Living Within the Landscape.Physical processes that shape the Earth's surface provide an inescapablecontext for human activity. We will examine the physical principles thatgovern erosion and sedimentation, slope stability, river and coastalflooding, and groundwater flow, and analyze how these processes affectland-use philosophies and decision-making. Enrollment limited to 19 firstyear students. FYS

GEOL 0160E. Volcanos, Windows into the Deep Earth.Examines the physical and chemical principles controlling the generationof volcanoes and their different styles of eruption. Investigates whereand why volcanoes occur, and what volcanic lavas can tell us about thecomposition and evolution of the Earth and other planets. Evaluatesvolcanic hazards and their environmental impacts and the economicbenefits and cultural aspects of volcanism. Two-day field trip. Enrollmentlimited to 19 first year students. FYS

GEOL 0160F. Patterns: in Nature, in Society.The shapes of plants and animals, of mountains and shorelines arisebecause nature dissapates energy as rapidly as possible. Thesemorphological patterns allow description of the "energy" landscape thatproduced them. Societies and economies show temporal and spatialpatterns as well; does the "flow rate" of ideas and of money causethese patterns? We will explore just how "entropy rules." CAP course.Enrollment limited to 19 first year students. FYS WRIT

GEOL 0160G. Energy Resources.Most of our energy comes directly from the Earth - predominantly as fossilfuels, but also from geothermal, wind, and hydro sources. Developingtechnologies for alternative energy such as solar, nuclear, biomass andfuel cells also rely on Earth resources. The potential for these energysources will be discussed. The science behind their utilization andenvironmental impact (e.g. carbon sequestration and nuclear wastedisposal) will be introduced and the trade-offs in making decisions for thefuture will be explored. CAP course. Enrollment limited to 19 first yearstudents. FYS WRIT

GEOL 0160H. Chicken Little or Armageddon? Past and FutureCosmic Threats.Explore the probability of the next impact on the Earth and assessthe possible consequences through historic times (incidents), folklore/legends, examples in recent geological time (last 10 million years), and thecatastrophic consequences 65 million years ago. Strategies for searchingand possible mitigation of the next "big one" will be considered. Thisseminar will explore the realities of various predictions, consider publicpolicy, investigate strategies for prevention, and assess the role of thepress in shaping perceptions. Enrollment limited to 19 first year students.FYS

GEOL 0160I. Diamonds.Examines both the science and human history of diamonds, and showshow they have interacted over the years. Investigates how and wherediamonds are formed in nature and what they tell us about the Earth. Atthe same time, explores the role diamonds have played in our history andculture. Enrollment limited to 12 first year students. FYS WRIT

GEOL 0160J. The Natural History of Great Writers: From Goethe toSteinbeck.Many great and influential writers have also been natural historians.This course examines selections from the writing of such authors as theromantic and naturalist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the rationalistBenedict de Spinoza, the intuitive thermodynamicist William Blake, thenaturalist novelist John Steinbeck, the lepidopterist novelist VladimirNabokov, the amateur paleontologist Arthur Conan Doyle, the proto-ecologist Henry David Thoreau, and the philosopher and sociologistHerbert Spencer. We will examine in a modern scientific context how factsand theories of natural history informed their writing and influenced theirworldviews. Specific topics in this seminar will include: man’s place innature and the importance of the discovery of this deep time perspective,Darwinian evolution and its impact on sociology, and the emerging scienceof ecology in 19th century American literature. Enrollment limited to 19 firstyear students. FYS

GEOL 0160M. Natural Disasters.This First Year Seminar will explore natural disasters: the physicalprocesses that cause them, and their effects on human life. Types ofnatural disasters covered include earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis,hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods. The focus of the course will be casestudies of specific disasters, allowing us to discuss both the scienceof natural hazards and the vulnerability of human populations to thosehazards. It will provide a broad overview of the Earth Sciences, includinggeology and geophysics, meteorology, oceanography, and climatology.FYS

GEOL 0160N. Monsters of the Abyss: Oceanography and Sea Tales.We will read from the logbooks of Cook, Darwin, Wallace, and Nansen.Their discoveries and expeditions inspired and were inspired by fictionthat we will also read, including Moby Dick and 20,000 Leagues Under theSea. The daring successes and cannibalistic dooms of the Essex, Beagle,Terror, Challenger, and Fram inspired 19th century writers to imagine whatlay far across and deep beneath the oceans. These retellings--fictional,narrative, and scientific--helped formulate and fund further research. Whorisks their life for a bird, a map, a widow, or an eclipse? How would thesescientists and their ideas do today? Enrollment limited to 19 first yearstudents. FYS WRIT

GEOL 0220. Physical Processes in Geology.Introduction to the physical and chemical processes that shape the Earth’ssurface, govern the structure of its interior, cause natural hazards andaffect the human environment. Topics include interior processes (platetectonics, mountain building, volcanism, earthquakes, and flow of solidrocks) and environmental processes (climate, atmospheric and oceaniccirculation, flow of rivers, glaciers, and groundwater). Four labs and twofield trips arranged. Intended for science concentrators or those wishingin-depth treatment. CAP course. Enrollment limited to 100. After pre-registration, instructor permission is required to register or get on wait-list.Please see or email instructor ([email protected]).Fall GEOL0220 S01 15197 MWF 11:00-11:50(16) (J. Tullis)

GEOL 0230. Geochemistry: Earth and Planetary Materials andProcesses.Introduction to the chemical and mineralogical nature of the Earth, Moon,and meteorites, and the role of chemical processes in their evolution.Topics include: composition of rock-forming minerals; origin of crustal andmantle rocks; stable and radiogenic isotopes; models of nucleosynthesis,planet formation and differentiation. Weekly laboratory and two field trips.Intended for science concentrators. Prerequisites: basic chemistry andGEOL 0010 or 0050 or 0220, or instructor permission.

Labs will meet Tuesdays from 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm.Spr GEOL0230 S01 25424 TTh 1:00-2:20(08) (A. Saal)

GEOL 0240. Earth: Evolution of a Habitable Planet.Introduces Earth's surface environment evolution - climate, chemistry, andphysical makeup. Uses Earth's carbon cycle to understand solar, tectonic,and biological cycles' interactions. Examines the origin of the sedimentaryrecord, dating of the geological record, chemistry and life on early Earth,and the nature of feedbacks that maintain the "habitable" range on Earth.Two field trips; five laboratories arranged. Prerequisite: GEOL 0220 or0230, or instructor permission. WRITSpr GEOL0240 S01 24130 MWF 11:00-11:50(04) (T. Herbert)

GEOL 0250. Computational Approaches to Modelling andQuantitative Analysis in Natural Sciences: An Introduction.Application of numerical analysis to mathematical modelling in thenatural sciences including topics such as ground water and glacier flow,earthquakes, climate models, phase equilibrium, and population dynamics.Numerical methods will include the solution of linear algebraic systems ofequations, numerical integration, solution of differential equations, timeseries analysis, statistical data analysis tools. Development of computerprogramming skills in the Matlab programming environment. Suggestedprerequisites: MATH 0090, 0100; PHYS 0030, 0040, or 0050, 0060.Fall GEOL0250 S01 16900 MWF 10:00-10:50(14) (C. Huber)



GEOL 0310. Fossil Record.Integrated view of the history of life: biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity,evolution by natural selection, ecology, and physiology along a multiplicityof scales from the microbial to the planetary, as recorded in the fossilrecord. Attention is given to how biotic systems, in contrast to justphysical systems, have changed through time maintaining the chemicaland thermodynamic non-equilibrium state of the Earth's surface. Twolectures per week; several labs including dissections for paleobiologicalcomparisons and one field trip to fossil localities and museum collectionsin Connecticut and Massachusetts. Prerequisites: GEOL 0220 or 0230 or0240, BIOL 0200, or instructor permission.

GEOL 0350. Mathematical Methods of Fluid and Solid Geophysicsand Geology.Intended for undergraduates concentrating in geological and physicalsciences or engineering, especially those interested in the quantitativestudy of Earth. Problem sets will cover common approaches to quantifythe dynamics and chemistry of solids and fluids in nature. Mathematicaltopics to be introduced include linear algebra, vectors and tensors,differential equations, dynamical systems, eigenvalues and eigenvectors,empirical orthogonal functions, fractals, chaos, and statistics. Applicationsinclude waves in the oceans, atmosphere, and solid earth, convectiveand conductive heat flow, reaction rates, gravitational potential energy,Newton’s laws on a rotating planet, measuring coastlines and ranges, anddating errors in stratigraphy.

GEOL 0580. Foundations of Physical Hydrology.Qualitative introduction to the dynamics of watersheds and groundwaterflow from an intuitive perspective. Lays the foundations for understandingthe physical mechanisms by which water is transported throughouta hydrologic system. Provides background for future studies, but isprimarily designed to enable informed citizens to thoughtfully critique watermanagement practices and public policy. Pre-college math and physicsbackground is expected.

GEOL 0810. Planetary Geology.This introductory level course will examine the evolution of our SolarSystem and the geology of planetary bodies, including Mercury, Venus,the Moon, Mars, asteroids, and the moons of Jupiter and Saturn. Wewill discuss the origin of the Solar System from a geological perspectiveand explore how scientists combine observations from extraterrestrialsamples such as meteorites with data returned by satellites and rovers todevelop and test hypotheses related to planetary evolution. Emphasis willbe on comparing geologic processes on these bodies to well-understoodprocesses on Earth, results from past, current, and upcoming planetarymissions, and the future of human and robotic exploration of space.

GEOL 0850. Weather and Climate.Weather phenomena occur on short time scales, and form the basis forunderstanding climate, the study of changes over longer time scales.This course aims to provide an understanding of the processes that driveweather patterns, the general circulation of the atmosphere, and climateon Earth. Topics include the structure and composition of the atmosphere,sources of energy that drive atmospheric processes, weather forecasting,the hydrological cycle, forces that create severe weather, the influenceof humans on the atmosphere, and factors that influence climate, climatevariability and climate change. Recommend courses or equivalent: MATH0090, MATH 0010, PHYS 0050. WRITSpr GEOL0850 S01 24129 TTh 10:30-11:50(09) (M. Hastings)

GEOL 1110. Estuarine Oceanography.Examines physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of localestuaries using field measurements, analysis of field data, andinterpretation of processes; field investigation results will be prepared asa cooperative class report. Topics include: tidal and circulation processes,salinity and freshwater fluxes, watershed pollutants, estuary flushing rates,and estuary ecosystems. Primarily for students with experience in thesciences. MATH 0090, 0100, or equivalent, recommended. Enrollmentlimited to 20. WRIT

Labs will be held on Fridays from 1-5pm, with fieldwork through mid-October.

GEOL 1120. Paleoceanography.An examination of the Cenozoic history of the world ocean with attentionto the processes which have acted to change its circulation, climate,geometry, and biology. Develops a strategy to use marine sediments andmicrofossils to identify and understand past variations in the oceans. Classprojects analyze and interpret various types of paleoceanographic data.Laboratory arranged. Offered alternate years.

GEOL 1130. Ocean Biogeochemical Cycles.A quantitative treatment of the cycling of biologically important elements inthe world ocean. Special attention paid to the carbon system in the oceanand the role that organisms, in conjunction with ocean circulation, play inregulating the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere through exchangewith the surface ocean. For science concentrators. Offered alternateyears. Prerequisite: CHEM 0330 or equivalent, or instructor permission.WRITFall GEOL1130 S01 15198 MWF 2:00-2:50(07) (T. Herbert)

GEOL 1150. Limnology: The Study of Lakes.This course will provide an interdisciplinary overview of the physics,chemistry, biology, and geology of lakes. Areas of emphasis willinclude the origin of lake basins, water circulation patterns, heat andwater budgets, biogeochemical processes, lake ecosystems, and thestratigraphic record of lakes. We will also discuss human and climaticimpacts on lakes. Prerequisites: GEOL 0220 and 0240, or instructorpermission. Enrollment limited to 20. WRITSpr GEOL1150 S01 25546 MWF 11:00-11:50(04) (J. Russell)

GEOL 1240. Stratigraphy and Sedimentation.Introduction to depositional environments and processes responsible forformation of sedimentary rocks. Major sedimentary environments in theRecent are discussed, general models are proposed, and stratigraphicsequences in older sediments are examined in the light of these models.The Phanerozoic stratigraphic record is examined from the perspective ofEarth system history. Laboratory arranged. Prerequisites: GEOL 0220 or0240, or instructor permission. GEOL 0310, 1410 are also recommended.WRITFall GEOL1240 S01 15196 TTh 10:30-11:50(13) (J. Russell)

GEOL 1310. Global Water Cycle.The goal of this class is to understand the physical principles andprocesses of the global water cycle. Topics include the climatic importanceof water, circulation of atmospheric water vapor, formation of rain andsnow, availability of soil water, plant-water relations, mass balance ofglaciers, and ongoing and expected changes in the water cycle. Additionalgoals: become familiar with the current research literature, practice clearand concise science writing, and to use simple programming in Python toplot and analyze actual data sets.

Students are expected to have taken at least one geology-related course.Programming experience recommended, but not necessary.Spr GEOL1310 S01 25548 TTh 9:00-10:20(01) (J. Lee)

GEOL 1320. Introduction to Geographic Information Systems forEnvironmental Applications.Introduction to the concepts of geospatial analysis and digital mapping.The principles of spatial data structures, coordinate systems, databasedevelopment and design, and techniques of spatial analysis are learned.This is an applied course, primarily using ESRI-based geographicinformation system software. Focal point of class is the completion ofstudent-selected research project employing GIS methods. Enrollmentlimited to 10 in each section. Permission by an application provided by theinstructor (to be requested through email). S/NC.Fall GEOL1320 S01 16905 Arranged (L. Carlson)Fall GEOL1320 S02 16906 Arranged (L. Carlson)



GEOL 1330. Global Environmental Remote Sensing.Introduction to physical principles of remote sensing acrosselectromagnetic spectrum and application to the study of Earth's systems(oceans, atmosphere, and land). Topics: interaction of light with materials,imaging principles and interpretation, methods of data analysis. Laboratorywork in digital image analysis, classification, and multi-temporal studies.One field trip to Block Island. Recommended preparation courses: MATH0090, 0100; PHYS 0060; and background courses in natural sciences.Spr GEOL1330 S01 25541 MWF 2:00-2:50(07) (J. Mustard)

GEOL 1370. Environmental Geochemistry.The course will examine the biogeochemical cycling, fate and transportof chemicals in the atmospheric and aquatic environments. Topics suchas chemical weathering, natural water pollution and remediation, aciddeposition, global warming and air pollution will be examined throughnatural ecosystem examples from rivers, lakes, estuaries, and ocean.Field trips and laboratory arranged. Prerequisites: CHEM 0100 or 0330, orinstructor permission.Fall GEOL1370 S01 16902 TTh 9:00-10:20(02) (Y. Huang)

GEOL 1380. Environmental Stable Isotopes.Introduction to the concepts, analytical methods, theory and environmentalapplications of stable H, O, C, N and S isotopes. Emphasis will be placedon theory and applications of light isotopes in paleoclimate studies,environmental hydrogeology and biogeochemistry. Prerequisites: CHEM0100, GEOL 0220 or 0230 recommended, or instructor permission.

GEOL 1410. Mineralogy.Introduction to mineralogical processes on Earth's surface and itsinterior. Topics include crystallography, crystal chemistry, nucleation,crystal growth, biomineralization, environmental mineralogy, and mantlemineralogy. Laboratory study devoted to optical identification of rock-forming minerals. Prerequisites: GEOL 0230, CHEM 0100 or 0330, orequivalent.Fall GEOL1410 S01 16480 MWF 10:00-10:50(14) ’To Be Arranged'

GEOL 1420. Petrology.Introduction to the origin and evolution of igneous rocks. Topics include:physical properties of magma, thermodynamics and phase equilibria,igneous rocks and their classification, magmatic processes, traceelements and isotopes, basalts and layered intrusions, survey of lunar andplanetary petrology. Prerequisites: GEOL 1410, or instructor permission.Spr GEOL1420 S01 24893 TTh 1:00-2:20(08) (A. Saal)

GEOL 1430. Principles of Planetary Climate.This course provides the physical building blocks for understandingplanetary climate. Topics include thermodynamics applied to planetaryatmosphere, basic radiative transfer, energy balance in the atmosphere,and climate variability. In-class exercises and homework problems aredesigned to strengthen the understanding of basic concepts and toimprove problem-solving skills.Fall GEOL1430 S01 16904 TTh 2:30-3:50(03) (J. Lee)

GEOL 1450. Structural Geology.Introduction to the geometry, kinematics and mechanics of rocks deformedby brittle fracture or faulting and ductile solid state flow, on scales frommicroscopic to mountain ranges. The emphasis is on using concepts tointerpret the formation, strain history and rheology of deformed rocksin terms of the operative grain-scale processes, material propertiesand environmental conditions. Weekly 2 hour lab involving hands-onexperience closely related to class topics. Two field trips. Prerequisites:GEOL 0220 or instructor permission. WRITSpr GEOL1450 S01 25543 TTh 10:30-11:50(09) (G. Hirth)

GEOL 1510. Introduction to Atmospheric Dynamics.The objective of GEOL1510 is to understand the fundamental physicalprinciples that govern the motion of the atmosphere. Students will explorethe dynamics of the atmosphere and the mathematical laws governingweather and climate. Topics include the fundamental equations of motionin rotating fluids, hydrostatic, geostrophic and thermal wind balance, andvorticity, as applied to phenomena, including sea breezes, planetarywaves, midlatitude cyclones, fronts, and the global general circulation. Theemphasis will be on physical interpretation of the equations but facility withvector calculus is critical. Enrollment limited to 30.

GEOL 1520. Ocean Circulation and Climate.Examines physical characteristics, processes, and dynamics of theglobal ocean to understand circulation patterns and how they relate toocean biology, chemistry, climate change. Assignments address ocean'srole in the climate system; ocean observations and models; the origin,distribution, and dynamics of large-scale ocean circulation and watermasses; energy and freshwater budgets; and variability of the coupledsystem on seasonal to centennial timescales e.g. El Niño. Intended forgeological and physical sciences undergraduate and graduate studentswith quantitative skills and an interest in oceans, climate, paleoclimate.Pre-requisites: GEOL0350 or PHYS0720 or APMA 0340. Offered alternateyears, previously offered as GEOL1100. WRITSpr GEOL1520 S01 25545 TTh 1:00-2:20(08) (B. Fox-Kemper)

GEOL 1560. Global Tectonics.Plate tectonic theory and the evolution of continents and the seafloor.Emphasis on the structure and tectonics of western U.S. consideringgeological, geophysical, and geochemical constraints as well as directgeodetic observations of plate motions from GPS measurements.Prerequisite: GEOL 0220 and 0230. Three or more of GEOL 0220, 0230,1240, 1410, 1420, 1450 and 1610 are recommended.

GEOL 1580. Quantitative Elements of Physical Hydrology.Physical hydrology with emphasis on fundamental physical principlesand mathematical tools. Topics include precipitation, surface runoff,groundwater flow, water quality and contaminate transport. Prerequisites:APMA 0340; and ENGN 0510 or PHYS 0470; ENGN 0810 isrecommended; or instructor permission.

GEOL 1590. Quantitative Modeling of Hydrologic Processes.A quantitative overview of selected topics at the advanced undergraduateand beginning graduate student level of analytical and numerical modelsfor simulating surface runoff, groundwater flow and contaminant migration.While participants will employ computers and scientific visualization toimplement the material, no prior computing experience is expected. Non-concentrators encouraged. No exams. Prerequisites: PHYS 0470, orENGN 0510.

GEOL 1590A. Quantitative Modeling of Hydrologic Processes.A quantitative overview of selected topics at the advanced undergraduate,beginning graduate student level of analytical and numerical models forsimulating surface runoff, groundwater flow and contaminant migration.While participants will employ computers and scientific visualization toimplement the material, no prior computing experience is expected. Non-concentrators encouraged. No exams. Prerequisites: PHYS 0070, orENGN 0510.

GEOL 1600. Environmental and Engineering Geophysics.A hands-on introduction to non-invasive geophysical methods applied tosubsurface investigations of soil and bedrock conditions, groundwater,geotechnical engineering, forensics, archaeology and other environmentalapplications. Students will use ground penetrating radar, seismic, gravityresistivity, electromagnetic and magnetic methods in the field oneafternoon a week to investigate relevant environmental and geotechnicalproblems. A background in geology is not expected. Prerequisites: APMA0340 and PHYS 0470, or ENGN 0510, or instructor permission.

GEOL 1610. Solid Earth Geophysics.A survey of basic geophysical techniques for determining the structure anddynamics of Earth's interior. Topics include: global structure from seismicwaves; gravity, magnetic field, and shape of the Earth; thermal processeswithin the Earth; structure of continental and oceanic lithosphere.Recommended courses: GEOL 0220, PHYS 0470, APMA 0330. Noprerequisites.

GEOL 1615. The Environmental Policy Process.The diminishing quantity and quality of the resources of the Earth carriesprofound implications for the fulfillment of human rights and aspirations.But even as we understand better the intrinsic interdependencies betweenhumans and the environment, policy gridlock persists. Indeed, the findingsof fundamental environmental science are regularly contested on politicalgrounds. The purpose of this course is to learn how to apply knowledge tomap the relevant policy context in environmental issues, and to developthe tools and approaches to address any problem of decision in theenvironmental arena more creatively, effectively, and responsibly. WRIT



GEOL 1620. Continuum Physics of the Solid Earth.Physics of the Earth with emphasis on fundamental physical principlesand mathematical tools. Topics include application of: conductive andconvective heat transfer to cooling of the Earth; potential theory tointerpretation of gravity anomalies; solid mechanics to deformation ofEarth's lithosphere; fluid mechanics to flow in the Earth's interior and inporous media. Recommended courses: GEOL 0220; APMA 0340; PHYS0470 or ENGN 0510.

GEOL 1650. Earthquake Seismology.Topics include: location of earthquakes in space and time; measuresof size and intensity of shaking; body waves, surface waves, and freeoscillations; structure of the interior of the Earth from wave propagation;earthquake faulting and relationship to tectonic processes. Recommendedcourse: GEOL 0161. Offered in alternate years.Spr GEOL1650 S01 25544 TTh 10:30-11:50(09) (K. Fischer)

GEOL 1660. Instrumental Analysis with Environmental Applications.This course covers the principles and practical applications of importantanalytical chemistry tools used to study environmental problems, includingdiscussions of method selection and statistical treatment of data. Studentswill strategize and implement a study of a field site. Includes lab sessionswith hands-on experience of instrumental analysis using atomic andmolecular spectroscopic techinques, separations by gas and liquidchromatography, and electrochemical methods. Prerequisite: CHEM 0330or GEOL 1370. Enrollment limited to 20. Instructor permission required.

GEOL 1710. Remote Sensing of Earth and Planetary Surfaces.Geologic applications of remotely sensed information derived frominteraction of electromagnetic radiation (X-ray, gamma-ray, visible,near-IR, mid-IR, radar) with geologic materials. Applications emphasizeremote geochemical analyses for both terrestrial and extraterrestrialenvironments. Several spectroscopy and image processing labs. GEOL1410 (Mineralogy), PHYS 0060, or equivalent recommended.Fall GEOL1710 S01 15199 TTh 1:00-2:20(10) (R. Milliken)

GEOL 1810. Physics of Planetary Evolution.Evolution of planetary bodies based on geological and geophysicalevidence derived from planetary exploration of the solar system. Includesthe study of physical processes responsible for volcanism and deformationon the surface as well as the state and structure of the interior of planets.Prerequisites: GEOL 0050; PHYS 0030, 0040 or 0050, PHYS 0060; MATH0090, 0100, or instructor permission. Offered alternate years.

GEOL 1820. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Waves and Mean FlowsEdition.Explores theories of the large-scale ocean and atmosphere, includingquasigeostrophic, planetary geostrophic, and shallow water equations.Topics will vary to focus on features of the general circulation and climatesystem (e.g. thermocline, westward intensification, jet stream dynamics,polar vortex, meridional overturning circulations), instabilities and waves(e.g. gravity, Rossby, and Kelvin), or rotating stratified turbulence. Maybe repeated with permission of instructor. Pre-requisites: Pre-requisite:GEOL0350 or PHYS0720 or APMA 0340 and GEOL1510 or GEOL1520.

GEOL 1950C. Planetary Materials.A comparative planetology course that examines the origin and evolutionof materials on the Earth, Moon, and Mars through sample analyses,spacecraft observations, and modeling approaches. Recommendedcourses: GEOL 1410, 1420. No prerequisites.

GEOL 1950D. Field and Tectonics Seminar.Development of field mapping and interpretive skills used in the evolutionof complex orogenic terranes. Structural field mapping is carried out inhighly deformed metamorphic and igneous rocks in the New EnglandAppalachians, the site of a continental collision associated with theformation of the supercontinent Pangea. Expected: GEOL 0230 andGEOL 1450, or equivalent, and field mapping experience (generally asummer geological mapping course). Students are required to arrive oneweek prior to the start of classes for the beginning of field work. Instructorpermission required.

GEOL 1950F. Geomicrobiology.Microbes were the predominant form of life for most of Earth's historyand continue to drive many of the elemental cycles that sustain life in ourcontemporary biosphere. By taking this course students will learn aboutthe phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of microbes in the environmentand their influence on global biogeochemical cycles. Students will gainhands-on experience with molecular and environmental microbiologicaltechniques and the bioinformatics tools required to analyze and interpretthe resulting data. There are 2 sections or topical areas: Phylogeneticand ecological diversity of microbes; Microbial and metabolic diversity ofbiogeochemical cycling. Prerequisite: BIOL 0415 or 1460 or 1480 or GEOL1130. Enrollment limited to 12. Instructor permission required

GEOL 1950G. Astrophysical and Dynamical Processes in PlanetarySciences.Astrophysical and Dynamical Processes in Planetary Sciences is a coursethat challenges students to use physical and geophysical analysis toconstruct a quantitative understanding of the formation and evolutionof the Sun, the solar system’s planets and small bodies, and extrasolarplanets. The goal is to provide senior undergraduate and first-yeargraduate students with core knowledge of facts and current theories inthe planetary sciences. Through lectures, problem sets, and exams, thestudents will construct quantitative framework on which to evaluate, andplace into context, hypotheses and theories discussed in upper-levelgraduate courses. Prerequisites: MATH 0100; and one of GEOL 0050,PHYS 0210, 0220, or 0270. APMA 0330 is desirable but not required.

GEOL 1960A. Rheology of the Crust and Mantle.Introduces the principals of rock mechanics and uses them to describebrittle and ductile deformation processes in the crust and mantle. Eachtopic will review experimental constraints on deformation mechanismsand introduce the theories that support their application to geologicalconditions. Analyze microstructural observations in real rocks to linkwhat is learned in the lab to what actually is seen in the Earth. Topicsto be covered include: brittle fracture and crack propagation, frictionalsliding, the brittle/plastic transition, viscous deformation mechanisms,microstructural analysis of deformed rocks, and the scaling andextrapolation of laboratory flow laws. The class will also feature a field tripto well-exposed crustal faults and shear zones. Several class periods anda class project will focus on microstructural observations of rocks collectedduring the field trip. Pre-requisite: GEOL 1450 or permission of instructor.Enrollment limited to 20.Fall GEOL1960AS01 16901 TTh 2:30-3:50(03) (G. Hirth)

GEOL 1960B. Special Topics in Geological Sciences: PhysicalHydrology.Physical Hydrology is the description of processes that involve thetransport of aqueous fluids in the subsurface of the Planets. We will learnabout the principle that govern the motion of these fluids and the commonapproaches to describe their dynamics in terms of governing equations.The goal of the course is to be introduced to flows in porous media, as wellas transport of heat, chemical species and multiphase flows (unsaturatedaquifers). We will discuss applications from geothermal energy extraction,CO2 geological sequestration strategies and reactive transport, such asthose encountered for pollutant remediation and sediment diagenesis.

GEOL 1960F. Patterns in Nature, in Society.The shapes of plants and animals, of mountains and shorelines arisebecause nature dissipates energy as rapidly as possible. Thesemorphological patterns allow description of the energy "landscape" thatproduced them. Societies and economies show temporal and spatialpatterns as well: does the "flow rate" of ideas and of money cause thesepatterns? We will explore just how "entropy rules." Enrollment limited to16. Instructor permission required.



GEOL 1960G. Earth Science Curriculum Design and TeachingPracticum for Elementary School.This course is a practical introduction to Earth Sciences curriculum designand teaching with a strong “learning by teaching” component. Studentswill learn about the principles and best practices of science education andcommunication and will teach a theme-driven ten-lesson Earth Sciencemodule previously designed by DEEPS students in collaboration withparticipating teachers from Providence Public Schools in two elementarypublic schools. After each lesson students will receive feedback and willanalyze and discuss their teaching process during class meetings. In thesecond part of the course students will apply the experience they gained todesign a new module outline.

GEOL 1960H. The Early Earth.Primary focus on evolution of the solid Earth (core, mantle, crust) butwill also include discussion of the Archean hydrosphere, atmosphereand biosphere. Reading and discussing current literature, with lectures.Intended for graduate students and upper level undergraduates withadvanced petrology and/or geophysics. Enrollment limited to 20.

GEOL 1960J. Reactions and Rheology: Chemical and MechanicalKinetics in Mineral Systems.Characterization of atomic diffusion and dislocation motion responsiblefor chemical and physical reactions and plastic rheology in ionic solids.Topics include: point-defect thermodynamics; atomic diffusion (physicaland mathematical); solid-solution formation; solid-state compoundformation; dislocation structures; grain boundary structure and chemicalsegregation; plastic rheology. Recommended three or more of GEOL1410, GEOL 1420, or ENGN 0410, ENGN 1410, or CHEM 0330, CHEM1060. Enrollment limited to 20.

GEOL 1960K. Carbon Cycle Seminar.Consideration of quantitative models of the cycling of carbon betweenvarious reservoirs near Earth's surface. Topics include: mass balancemodels of carbon sedimentation; carbon chemistry in the ocean; exchangeof carbon between atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere; and consumptionof carbon in weathering reactions with rocks. Special emphasis will beplaced on the use of isotopic tracers (d13C, 14C) to estimate presentand past dynamics of the carbon cycle. Instructor's permission required.Enrollment limited to 20.

GEOL 1960M. Lab and Field Methods in Hydrology.A series of hands-on opportunitites for students to characterize thehydrologic properties of soils and simple hydrologic systems in the lab,combined with selected outdoor exercises using standard hydrologic toolsin the field. High school math and physics recommended. Enrollmentlimited to 20.

GEOL 1970. Individual Study of Geologic Problems.One semester is required for seniors in Sc.B. and honors program. Coursework includes preparation of a thesis. Section numbers vary by instructor.Please check Banner for the correct section number and CRN to use whenregistering for this course. Enrollment is restricted to undergraduates only.

GEOL 2300. Mathematical and Computational Earth Sciences.For graduate students interested in quantitative study of the Earth ingeological, physical, or engineering sciences. Mathematical topics to beintroduced include tensor analysis, asymptotic and per turbation analysisof differential equations, numerical integration of differential equations,basis functions and pattern recognition, fractals and multifractals, andstatistics. Applications will vary by offering, but examples include: statisticsof turbulence and earthquakes, advection-reaction-diffusion systems,boundary layers, development of shocks and singularities, climatechange, carbon sensitivity, and dimensional reduction of geophysical data.Intensive review of introductory mathematical methods through leadingdiscussions in a lower level class. Earth, fluid, or solid science backgroundrecommended.

GEOL 2330. Advanced Remote Sensing.Strategies and the physical principles behind the quantitative extractionof geophysical and biophysical properties from remotely sensed data.Emphasis on radiative transfer theory and modeling of spectra andspectral mixtures from optical constants. Advanced methods of digitalimage processing. Methods of integrating remotely sensed data into a GISframework will be introduced. Recommended preparation course: GEOL1330 or 1710; MATH 0100; PHYS 0600.Fall GEOL2330 S01 16899 TTh 2:30-3:50(03) (J. Mustard)

GEOL 2350. Quaternary Climatology Seminar.Discussion of current problems in paleoclimatology and global climatechange. Students analyze the primary literature, and do original analysesof their own on published data. Topics include: theories of ice ages,millennial-scale climate variability, the influence of greenhouse gases andradiative forcing on climate, and historical and future climate changes.Prerequisites: graduate student status; or GEOL 0240, 0310, and 1240; orinstructor permission.

GEOL 2410. Kinetics of Geochemical Processes.Emphasizes kinetic theories and their geological applications. Topicsinclude: rate laws of chemical reaction, rates of chemical weathering;fundamentals of diffusion, nucleation, crystal growth, and dissolution;transport theory. Recommended prerequisite: GEOL 2460 or equivalent.

GEOL 2430. Igneous Petrology.Study of mineral equilibria in igneous rocks in relation to theoretical andexperimental studies in silicate systems. Principles of the origin andevolution of igneous rocks in space and time. Offered alternate years.Fall GEOL2430 S01 16897 TTh 2:30-3:50(03) (S. Parman)

GEOL 2440. Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks.Study of metamorphic rocks with emphasis on mineral equilibria,metamorphic facies, and metamorphic facies series. Topics include:metasomatism, mobile components, partial anatexis, and petrogeneticgrids. Prerequisite: GEOL 2460. Offered alternate years.

GEOL 2450. Exchange Scholar Program.

GEOL 2460. Phase Equilibria.Principles of thermodynamics and phase equilibria in unary, binary,ternary, and multicomponent systems using analytical and graphicalmethods. Other topics include: solution theory, equations of state, andthermodynamics of surfaces.Spr GEOL2460 S01 25423 MWF 10:00-10:50(03) (R. Cooper)

GEOL 2520. Numerical Geodynamics.Numerical methods for the solution of continuum physics problems arisingin geophysics and geology: Basic theoretical formulations and algorithmsimplementing finite element, finite difference, and boundary elementmethods are developed. Applications include problems in viscous andplastic flow, elasticity, and heat and mass transport discussed withina geological framework. Course consists of lectures and a computerproject applying the methods and concepts considered to a scientificallysignificant problem. Recommended: APMA 0330, 0340; ENGN 1750.Offered alternate years.

GEOL 2630. Interpretation Theory in Geophysics.Use basic statistical theory and its matrix algebra representation andmodern approaches for the optimum design of experiments, constructingmodel solutions to measurements, and describing nonuniqueness inmodels, with particular emphasis on generalized linear-inverse techniques.Introduction to stochastic processes and prediction. Recommendedcourses: GEOL 1610; MATH 0290, 0520, or APMA 0330, 0340, andcomputer programming skills. Offered alternate years.

GEOL 2650. Advanced Seismology.The theory of modern seismology will be applied to imaging of Earthstructure (from local to global scales) and determination of earthquakesource models. Topics include elastic wave propagation, representationtheorems, seismic tomography, moment tensors, source-time functions,and models of fault rupture. Offered alternate years.



GEOL 2730. Isotope Geochemistry.A survey course emphasizing fundamental principles in isotopegeochemistry, including nuclear systematics, nucleosynthesis,geochronological and stable isotope systems, and the applicationof radiogenic and stable isotopic tracers to geological problems.Prerequisites: GEOL 1410 and 1420, or instructor permission.Fall GEOL2730 S01 16895 TTh 1:00-2:20(10) (A. Saal)

GEOL 2800. The Chemistry and Mineralogy of Mars.Examination of the chemical and mineralogical composition of Marsas revealed from meteorites and spacecraft missions. Example topicsinclude: SNC meteorites, origin and evolution of the crust, alterationprocesses, remote near- and thermal-infrared observations, remotegamma-ray and neutron measurements, and petrology of surfacematerials. Recommended courses: GEOL 1410, 1420, 1710, orequivalent. No prerequisites.

GEOL 2810. Planetary Science Seminar.New data for the Moon and Mercury from recent missions (includingChanrayaan-1, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, GRAIL and MESSENGER)permit new insights into “The Crater to Basin Transition on the Moonand Mercury”. In this seminar course we will examine this transitionusing these new data and recent developments in cratering theory andmodeling. The course will feature research from the NASA SSERVIactivity. Prerequisites: Instructor permission.

M Hour (3:00 PM-5:20 PM Mondays). Professor James Head; ResearchAssociates Ross Potter and David Baker.

GEOL 2840. Asteroids and Meteorites.Compositional and petrographic characteristics of meteorites areexamined along with the physical and compositional diversity of asteroidsand other small bodies of the solar system. Possible links between specifictypes of asteroids and meteorite groups will be evaluated in the contextof early solar system evolution. Data from spacecraft encounters withasteroids will be critically reviewed.

GEOL 2850. Regolith Processes.Particulate material (regoliths) and soils develop on every planetarysurface. Physical and chemical alteration of the uppermost surface resultsfrom interwoven active processes of specific environments. Understandingthese processes and products is central to interpreting data returnedfrom planetary surfaces. Regoliths reflect surface history over a varietyof time scales. Several planetary environments are examined in detail.Prerequisites: GEOL 1410, 1710, 2880, or instructor permission.

GEOL 2860. Planetary Volcanology.An examination of volcanism using observations of features and depositson planetary bodies, comparing them to predictions from the theoryof magma ascent and emplacement. Attention to the influence ofdifferent variables (e.g. gravity, composition, temperature, pressure,and atmospheric effects). The history of planetary volcanism, its relationto thermal evolution, and comparative planetary volcanology are alsoaddressed. Offered alternate years.

GEOL 2870. Planetary Evolution – Origin/Evolution of the Moon:Touchstone for Understanding Planets.The Moon forms a fundamental baseline for our understanding ofthe origin of planets and their early evolution, in terms of primary andsecondary crustal formation, core and mantle formation and evolution,magnetism, impact basins, and global tectonics. A major goal of thiscourse is to identify major outstanding questions and scientific andexploration goals for future robotic and human exploration missions to theMoon. Sponsored by NASA SSERVI, the lecture series is jointly organizedby SSERVI teams at Brown University and the Lunar and PlanetaryInstitute in Houston with many affiliated SSERVI institutes participating.Fall GEOL2870 S01 16340 W 3:00-5:30(17) (J. Head)Spr GEOL2870 S01 25426 W 3:00-5:30(10) (J. Head)

GEOL 2880. Planetary Cratering.Impact cratering is arguably the most pervasive geologic process inthe solar system. This course will study the physical process of impactcratering and its place in planetary science. The course will take a processoriented approach to understanding impact cratering with firm foundationsin geologic observation and impact experiments. To explore the extremeprocess of impact cratering, we will use continuum/rock mechanics,thermodynamics, numerical modeling, experiments, and observations.Principal topics will include the formation of craters from contact of theprojectile to final crater morphology; shock metamorphism; impact ejectaand products; cratered terrains; impacts and planetary evolution; andimpact hazards.Spr GEOL2880 S01 24131 TTh 10:30-11:50(09) (B. Johnson)

GEOL 2910A. Problems in Antarctic Dry Valley Geoscience.The Antarctic Dry Valleys represent an extreme hyperarid polar desertenvironment. Their geomorphology records the range of processesoperating in these environments, preserving a record of climate changeof millions of years. Major microenvironments are studied at the micro-,meso-, and macro-scale through literature review, field analyses, andresearch projects. Exobiological themes and climate change on Mars willbe assessed.

GEOL 2910B. Advanced Remote Sensing and GeographicalInformation Systems (GIS).Strategies and the physical principles behind the quantitative extractionof geophysical and biophysical measurements from remotely senseddata. Advanced methods of digital image processing and data integration.Introduction to Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and methods ofintegrating remotely sensed data into a GIS framework. Prerequisites:GEOL 1330 or 1710; MATH 0100; PHYS 0060; or permission of theinstructor.

GEOL 2910C. The Global Nitrogen Cycle.This seminar course will survey the literature and discuss aspects of themarine, atmosphere, biosphere and geologic cycles of reactive nitrogen.Topics include general evaluation of the N cycle in these systems andrecords of changes in the N cycle through time, particularly on relevantclimate change timescales.

GEOL 2910E. Miocene: Prelude to the Ice Ages and Analogue toFuture Climate Change.The Miocene Epoch (~23 to 5 Ma) was characterized by a variety ofinterconnected changes including the tectonic evolution of various oceangateways, changes in surface and deep-ocean circulation patterns andevolving ocean and atmospheric chemistry. In the Middle Miocene, theseconditions resulted in reduced pole-to-equator temperature gradientsand global mean annual surface temperatures of ~18°C, equivalent towarming predicted for the next century. These evolving conditions in theLate Miocene set the stage for the initiation of high amplitude northernhemisphere glacial cycles. Study of Miocene climate will yield insight intomechanisms relevant to past and future climate change.

GEOL 2910F. Earthquake Mechanics, Rheology and Rock Friction.Reading current literature, class discussion, lectures to explore currentresearch in fault mechanics and rheology. Time in the lab examiningmicrostructures in both experimental and natural samples. Topicswill include: (1) Deformation mechanisms associated with slow slipand tremor; (2) Grain-size evolution processes and their geophysicalimplications; (3) Grain-size sensitive deformation processes and theirgeophysical implications. Prior to each class, students will submit (viaemail) at least 2 questions about the assigned reading. After class, therewill be 3 or 4 questions to answer on topics covered in the reading andduring class discussion.

GEOL 2910G. Dynamics of Ice Sheets and Glaciers.

GEOL 2910I. Marine Geophysical Techniques.Theory and practice of common techniques employed in geophysicalexploration of the oceanic crust, including gravity and magnetic potentialfield measurements, multi-beam echosounding, side-scan sonar, seismicreflection and refraction profiling, navigation and map construction. Mustbe willing to participate in 50-day research cruise.



GEOL 2910P. Origin and Evolution of Planetary Systems.The goal of this course is to introduce students to our currentunderstanding of how planetary systems form and evolve. We will focus onthe physical theories describing how the structures of planetary systemsdevelop and how planets, moons, and other heavenly bodies form. We willalso consider the relationship between these theories and observations(astronomical, geophysical, cosmochemical) of the Solar System andextrasolar planetary systems. This will include some discussion how theSolar System fits into our understanding of the veritable menagerie ofplanetary systems.

GEOL 2920B. Special Topics: Ocean Worlds.The goal of this course is to introduce students to the ocean worlds of theSolar System (excluding Earth). We will focus on the physical processesthat shape the exteriors and interiors of these bodies. We will discuss thevarious geophysical and remote sensing observations that allow us todetermine that oceans underlie the outer icy shells of these bodies. Theclass will also discuss the possible habitability of these bodies and how wecan better constrain the thermo-mechanical state of their interiors.

GEOL 2920C. The Sedimentary Rock Cycle of Mars and Earth.This course consists of a mixture of instructor and student-led discussionson topics related to the sedimentary rock cycle on Mars as viewedthrough the lens of how we understand such processes on Earth.Topics:sediment transport and deposition, erosion processes and rates,lithification + diagenesis, water-rock interaction, and cyclicity in strata.Major goal: Assess how the sedimentary rock record of Mars can be usedto understand changes in depositional processes and environmentalconditions through time. Results from Mars satellite and rover data will bediscussed, with an emphasis on fundamental processes as understoodfrom detailed studies of Earths sedimentary rock record. Prerequisite:Undergraduate level sedimentology/stratigraphy, or permission ofinstructor.

GEOL 2920D. Introduction to Geochemical Modeling.Continuum descriptions of mass transfer in geochemical cycles. Topicsinclude: fundamentals of diffusive and advective mass transfer, kinetics ofweathering and early diagenesis, fluid flow in the Earth's crust and mantle,trace elements and isotopes in magmatic processes. Recommended:CHEM 0330, GEOL 1610 and APMA 0330, 0340.

GEOL 2920E. Introduction to Organic Geochemistry.Mainly literature critiques and seminars, supplemented by introductorylectures. Topics include organic biomarkers, analytical methodologies,natural macromolecules, stable isotope ratios of biomarkers, applicationof organic geochemistry in studies of climatic and environmental change,fossil fuel exploration, and applied environmental research.Spr GEOL2920ES01 25547 TTh 10:30-11:50(09) (Y. Huang)

GEOL 2920F. Kinetics of Mineralogical and Petrological Processes.Emphasizes kinetic theories and their geological applications. Topicsinclude: fundamentals of diffusion in crystals and melts, theories ofnucleation and crystal growth, kinetics of melting and dissolving, theory ofphase transformation. Prerequisite: GEOL 2460 or equivalent.

GEOL 2920H. Past Variations in the Global Carbon Cycle.This course will examine variations in the earth's carbon cycle overmultiple time scales. We will examine geological tools that measure ratesof carbon storage and release, especially over the past one million years.Special emphasis will be given to monitoring rates of past biologicalcarbon storage.

GEOL 2920I. Special Topics: Dynamics of Tropical Climate andEcosystem.In this course, we will discuss two major themes: climate of tropics andhow climate influences tropical ecosystem. Major topics include Hadleycirculation, intraseasonal variation, tropical convection, carbon cycle,and biodiversity. We will also discuss how climate may influence tropicalecosystem and our society. This class is aimed at graduate students.Students are expected to have some familiarity with differential equationsand climate science. Advanced undergraduate students with a relevantbackground can also take this class.

GEOL 2920J. The Source of Liquid Water in the Nochian History ofMars.Fluvial valley networks, open-basin lakes and closed basin lakes are alltestimony to the presence of abundant liquid water during earliest Marshistory, but current climate models predict a “cold and icy” early Mars.What does the presence of these distinctive geomorphic features implyabout the nature and duration of liquid water flow, and how might it testexisting end-member climate models?

In this seminar course, valley network systems will be examinedindividually and assessed for their relevance to testing these climatemodels.

GEOL 2920K. Special Topics in Geological Sciences: TheHydrological Cycle on Mars: Evidence for Oceans.Ocean-scale bodies of water may have occupied the northern lowlandsof Mars at two times: 1) Late Noachian, when geologic evidencesuggests a “warm and wet” climate; 2) Late Hesperian, when massiveoutflow channels emptied ocean-scale volumes of groundwater intothe lowlands. We will first critically examine geologic evidence forthe presence of oceans (including evidence for water sources, sinks,locations, depths, states and durations), and then explore the implicationsfor the hydrological system, the martian water budget and inventory,sedimentation and sedimentary deposits, climate and its evolution,mineralogical alteration, coincident geological events, and the origin andevolution of life.

GEOL 2920L. Evolution of the Moon II.A seminar on the thermal and chemical evolution of the Moon. In this partII of lunar seminar, we will focus more on petrological and geochemicalobservations of lunar samples, terrestrial layered intrusions, relatedgeophysical observations, and lunar petrogenesis. Prerequisite: GEOL1420, 2730, or 2920K.

GEOL 2920N. Problems Antartic Dry Valley Geoscience.The Antarctic Dry Valleys represent an extreme hyperarid polar desertenvironment. Their geomorphology records the range of processesoperating in these environments, preserving a record of climate changeover millions of years. Major microenvironments are studied at the micro-,meso-, and macro-scale through literature review, field analyses, andresearch projects. Exobiological themes and climate change on Mars willbe assessed.Spr GEOL2920NS01 25425 M 3:00-5:30(13) (J. Head)

GEOL 2920O. Physics of Melt Migration.A seminar course focusing on the physical processes and geochemicalconsequences of melt migration in the mantle. Topics include, but arenot limited to: flow in porous media; compaction; adiabatic melting andmelt-rock reaction; instabilities in melt migration; melt generation beneathmid-ocean ridge; and melt migration in other tectonic environments.Recommended course: GEOL 1620. Enrollment limited to 15. S/NC

GEOL 2920Q. Rheological Boundaries in the Earth.The properties of lower crust control the coupling of mantle convection toshallow crustal dynamics, post-seismic creep and the chemical evolutionof the Earth. On Earth we have xenolyths and exhumed lower crustalrocks to study and relate to geophysical, experimental and theoreticalinvestigations. We will explore these avenues of research with the goal ofsynthesizing our understanding of the behavior of lower crust on Earth aswell as other terrestrial planets.

GEOL 2920R. Evolution of the Moon.Petrological, geochemical, and geophysical observations, physical andchemical processes relevant to the formation and evolution of the Moon.

GEOL 2920S. Continental Cratons.The focus of this course is the formation, evolution, and structure ofcontinental cratons. These topics will be explored through a survey ofthe observational constraints on cratons, including seismology, gravity,heat flow, geochemistry, and petrology. The use of dynamical models toinvestigate the assembly, destruction, and long-term stability of cratons willalso be considered.



GEOL 2920T. Science Applications of Lunar Spectroscopy.This course will focus on current science issues that are addressed withnew lunar orbital or laboratory spectroscopy data. Each participant mustidentify a specific science topic (and data source) to be pursued andbrought to completion during the term. Format will be seminar with veryactive participation by all attending. At the beginning of the term eachparticipant will describe their chosen research topic. Subsequent sessionswill critically examine issues that are associated with each topic in aniterative fashion, focusing on progress made, problems faced, solutionsdesigned, insights found, and finally completed project. Prerequisites:GEOL 1710 and confirmation with instructor about the project.

GEOL 2920U. Climate Variations.This course will examine the geologic record of lake basins on decadalto million-year time-scales. Students will gain hands-on experiencewith techniques in paleolimnology including sediment core acquisition,sediment description, petrography, sedimentology and environmentalanalysis, geochemistry, basic core scanning, and age determination,modeling, and time series analysis. The biotic content and interpretationof fossils will be stressed. The course will also cover theoretical aspectsof paleolimnology and more specialized techniques according to studentinterests through student-led discussions and a course project on regionallake sediments. Graduate students only; enrollment limited to 20.

GEOL 2920V. Terrestrial Nitrogen and Carbon Cycling.This course will examine aboveground/ belowground processes in thecontext of the global nitrogen and carbon cycles, and the impacts ofboth natural and anthropogenic disturbances. It will include discussion ofprocesses such as (de)nitrification, N-fixation, respiration, photosynthesis,and decomposition and their relationship to soil properties; the couplingof N and C cycles in soils related to climate change and increasing Ndeposition. It will include emphasis on emerging new techniques toquantify N and C processes in the laboratory, field and through modeling,and field trip investigating current field studies. Prerequisites: BIOL 1480or GEOL 1130 or equivalent biogeochemistry course. Enrollment limited to15.

GEOL 2920W. Numerical Climate Change Scenarios for SouthernNew England.This seminar will examine regional-scale climate model scenarios forpast and future climate change in Southern New England. Reliableestimates of the trajectory and variability of climate change are neededto address specific climate impacts, adaptations, and mitigations. Globalclimate model simulations, based on a range of IPPC green house gasscenarios, need to be "downscaled" to achieve useful regional resolution.Understanding the generation of these high-resolution "downscaled"climate scenarios and compiling a number of observed and modeledclimate variables to assess the trends and reliability of climate scenariosfor Southern New England is the goal of the seminar.

GEOL 2920Z. The Evolution of Lacustrine Ecosystems.Investigates macro- and micro-evolutionary patterns and processes inlakes. Will look at both cyclical and directional processes and interplaybetween intrinsic and extrinsic forcing in ecology and evolution of lakes inthe geologic record, including changes in carbon flow or controls on bioticdiversity and species composition. Students will have the opportunity towork with data from fossil and modern lacustrine strata and develop theirown analysis of long lacustrine records, including Fourier analysis basedon cores, outcrops, and geophysical logs that reveal Milankovitch cyclicity.A field component includes examination of Triassic and Jurassic NewarkSupergroup of eastern North America.

GEOL 2980. Research in Geological Sciences.Section numbers vary by instructor. Please check Banner for the correctsection number and CRN to use when registering for this course.Enrollment is restricted to graduate students only.

GEOL 2990. Thesis Preparation.For graduate students who have met the tuition requirements and arepaying the registration fee to continue active enrollment while preparing athesis.Fall GEOL2990 S01 15133 Arranged ’To Be Arranged'Spr GEOL2990 S01 24077 Arranged ’To Be Arranged'



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