Earth Boot Camp3.7B:

Investigate rapid changes in Earth’s surface such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and

landslides.

1. In which of these ways can volcanoes help build up new land?

A By adding heat to Earth’s surfaceB By adding gases to the atmosphereC By adding lava to Earth’s surfaceD By adding water vapor to the atmosphere

Release Questions 2006—#21 (65%)

1. In which of these ways can volcanoes help build up new land?

A By adding heat to Earth’s surfaceB By adding gases to the atmosphereC By adding lava to Earth’s surfaceD By adding water vapor to the atmosphere

Release Questions 2006—#21 (65%)

2. The picture shows a kind of glacier that can be many meters thick. In this landscape, which of the following is most directly affected by this kind of glacier?

F The average height of plants on the mountainsideG The shape of clouds that form above the glacierH The average mass of trees near the lakeJ The shape of the valley between the mountains

2006—#30 (75%)

2. The picture shows a kind of glacier that can be many meters thick. In this landscape, which of the following is most directly affected by this kind of glacier?

F The average height of plants on the mountainsideG The shape of clouds that form above the glacierH The average mass of trees near the lakeJ The shape of the valley between the mountains

2006—#30 (75%)

3. Which of the following features is best modeled in the diagram above?

A IslandB GlacierC RiverD Volcano

2009—#31 (86%)

3. Which of the following features is best modeled in the diagram above?

A IslandB GlacierC RiverD Volcano

2009—#31 (86%)

4. An earthquake is –

A crust through which lava escapes

B a sudden movement in the Earth’s crust

C a kind of chemical weathering that changes the Earth

D a huge wave that washes over the Earth

4. An earthquake is –

A crust through which lava escapes (volcano) B a sudden movement in the Earth’s crust

C a kind of chemical weathering that changes the Earth

D a huge wave that washes over the Earth (tsunami)

5. The picture to the right illustrates a cross-section of the layers of rock found underneath the topsoil of the earth. Which of the following MOST LIKELY caused Layer C to slant?

A A volcanoB An earthquakeC A floodD Subsidence

A

B

C

D

5. The picture to the right illustrates a cross-section of the layers of rock found underneath the topsoil of the earth. Which of the following MOST LIKELY caused Layer C to slant?

A A volcanoB An earthquakeC A floodD Subsidence

A

B

C

D

6. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers?

A Most of Earth’s water is in the form of glaciers.B Melting glaciers supply water for many people.C Glacial movements can leave behind valleys.D Glaciers pick up boulders and sediment as they

move.

6. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers?

A Most of Earth’s water is in the form of glaciers.B Melting glaciers supply water for many people.C Glacial movements can leave behind valleys.D Glaciers pick up boulders and sediment as they

move.

7. What is the scientific name for a mass of snow and ice in motion?

A Earthquake B GlacierC LandslideD Outwash

7. What is the scientific name for a mass of snow and ice in motion?

A Earthquake B GlacierC LandslideD Outwash

8. The Earth’s surface is not one solid piece of rock and soil, but is made up of large pieces called plates. These plates fit together like pieces of a puzzle and are constantly moving. Why can’t we feel the movement of these Earth plates?

A The plates move very quickly.B The plates move very slowly.C The plates are too small to feel.D The plates are under the ground.

8. The Earth’s surface is not one solid piece of rock and soil, but is made up of large pieces called plates. These plates fit together like pieces of a puzzle and are constantly moving. Why can’t we feel the movement of these Earth plates?

A The plates move very quickly.B The plates move very slowly.C The plates are too small to feel.D The plates are under the ground.

9. Earthquakes can change the Earth’s surface in all of these ways EXCEPT—

A creating new mountainsB depositing sand in deltasC forming large cracks in rockD by causing the Earth to shake

9. Earthquakes can change the Earth’s surface in all of these ways EXCEPT—

A creating new mountainsB depositing sand in deltasC forming large cracks in rockD by causing the Earth to shake

10.The most common cause of earthquakes is –

A a giant tidal wave called a tsunamiB the sinking of large mountainsC a movement in the Earth’s crustD large hurricanes striking land

10.The most common cause of earthquakes is –

A a giant tidal wave called a tsunamiB the sinking of large mountainsC a movement in the Earth’s crustD large hurricanes striking land

11. The grinding action of glaciers causes—

A the creation of new landformsB the level of water in oceans to riseC volcanoes to pop up in cold placesD lakes to fill with icy cold water

11. The grinding action of glaciers causes—

A the creation of new landformsB the level of water in oceans to riseC volcanoes to pop up in cold placesD lakes to fill with icy cold water

12. Some scientists have compared the action of glaciers on the Earth’s surface to using a nail file on fingernails. How is a glacier like a nail file?

A They are both made of metal.B They both collect sand and soil.C They both scratch and grind other materials.D They both press down on various surfaces.

12. Some scientists have compared the action of glaciers on the Earth’s surface to using a nail file on fingernails. How is a glacier like a nail file?

A They are both made of metal.B They both collect sand and soil.C They both scratch and grind other materials.D They both press down on various surfaces.

13. What is one way that a glacier can change the Earth’s surface?

A Glaciers help create new landforms.

B Glaciers cause water to freeze into new landforms.

C The movement of glaciers causes volcanoes to erupt.

D Glaciers melt and cause ocean tides to become higher.

13. What is one way that a glacier can change the Earth’s surface?

A Glaciers help create new landforms.

B Glaciers cause water to freeze into new landforms.

C The movement of glaciers causes volcanoes to erupt.

D Glaciers melt and cause ocean tides to become higher.

14. In what way are an earthquake and a glacier similar? A They are both renewable natural resources.B They both change the surface of the Earth.C They both move very quickly.D They both move very slowly.

14. In what way are an earthquake and a glacier similar? A They are both renewable natural resources.B They both change the surface of the Earth.C They both move very quickly.D They both move very slowly.

15. Glaciers form high in mountain valleys and in Polar regions where the snow falls but never melts. How do glaciers change the Earth’s surface?

A By melting and then flooding the valleys and Poles

B By grinding against valley walls to make them deeper and wider

C By causing earthquakes and the formation of volcanoes

D Pieces of ice break off and form icebergs in the ocean waters

15. Glaciers form high in mountain valleys and in Polar regions where the snow falls but never melts. How do glaciers change the Earth’s surface?

A By melting and then flooding the valleys and Poles

B By grinding against valley walls to make them deeper and wider

C By causing earthquakes and the formation of volcanoes

D Pieces of ice break off and form icebergs in the ocean waters

16. Water in the form of ice is responsible for which form of weathering listed below?

A A glacier creating a valleyB Rivers depositing sediments C Earthquakes creating mountainsD Wind carving formations in rock

16. Water in the form of ice is responsible for which form of weathering listed below?

A A glacier creating a valleyB Rivers depositing sediments C Earthquakes creating mountainsD Wind carving formations in rock

17. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers?

A Most of the water on Earth is found in glaciers.

B Glaciers form in very cold areas.

C Glacial movements can create valleys.

D Glaciers pick up and deposit sediments as they move.

17. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers?

A Most of the water on Earth is found in glaciers.

B Glaciers form in very cold areas.

C Glacial movements can create valleys.

D Glaciers pick up and deposit sediments as they move.

18. Look at the picture below. It shows high mountains. The layers are made of sedimentary rock. Before the mountains were formed, the sedimentary rocks were in flat layers. Use the picture below to answer question

How were the mountains pictured above formed?

A The rock layers were compressed (squeezed) together.B The rock layers were pulled apart by an earthquake.C The rock layers were pushed up by a volcano.D The rock layers went in opposite direction.

18. Look at the picture below. It shows high mountains. The layers are made of sedimentary rock. Before the mountains were formed, the sedimentary rocks were in flat layers. Use the picture below to answer question

How were the mountains pictured above formed?

A The rock layers were compressed (squeezed) together.B The rock layers were pulled apart by an earthquake.C The rock layers were pushed up by a volcano.D The rock layers went in opposite direction.

19. Mountains occur mostly where—

A there is a lot of water erosionB glaciers move boulders into pilesC sinkholes cause surrounding land to collapseD layers of rock collide causing land to fold or

rise

19. Mountains occur mostly where—

A there is a lot of water erosionB glaciers move boulders into pilesC sinkholes cause surrounding land to collapseD layers of rock collide causing land to fold or

rise

20. A glacier moving down a mountain valley is pictured below.

Glaciers are frozen, slow-moving rivers of ice that can move about three feet per day down mountain valleys. How does a glacier help create new soil?

A By carrying living plant material to the ocean B By scraping small particles off large rocks C By melting rocks along its path down the valley D By freezing small particles of soil to form large rocks

20. A glacier moving down a mountain valley is pictured below.

Glaciers are frozen, slow-moving rivers of ice that can move about three feet per day down mountain valleys. How does a glacier help create new soil?

A By carrying living plant material to the ocean B By scraping small particles off large rocks C By melting rocks along its path down the valley D By freezing small particles of soil to form large rocks

21. The road shown below was suddenly broken by a natural event.

Which natural event MOST LIKELY caused the crack in the road?

A WindB An earthquakeC Lava flowing from a volcanoD An avalanche down a mountain

21. The road shown below was suddenly broken by a natural event.

Which natural event MOST LIKELY caused the crack in the road?

A WindB An earthquakeC Lava flowing from a volcanoD An avalanche down a mountain

22. The shale layers in the drawing were broken and separated by movement along the fault. What also MOST LIKELY occurred as these rock layers moved along the fault?

A Formation of deep cavesB Erosion of lower layersC Volcanic eruptionD Earthquake

22. The shale layers in the drawing were broken and separated by movement along the fault. What also MOST LIKELY occurred as these rock layers moved along the fault?

A Formation of deep cavesB Erosion of lower layersC Volcanic eruptionD Earthquake

23. The plates in the Earth’s surface sometimes slip against each other causing the land to shake over a large area. This shaking can change the land and cause damage to buildings and other structures. This type of movement of the Earth’s plates also causes—

A an earthquakeB a volcanic eruptionC erosionD a landslide

23. The plates in the Earth’s surface sometimes slip against each other causing the land to shake over a large area. This shaking can change the land and cause damage to buildings and other structures. This type of movement of the Earth’s plates also causes—

A an earthquakeB a volcanic eruptionC erosionD a landslide

24. Which of the following would probably change the surface of the Earth in the shortest amount of time?

A A massive hurricaneB A volcanic eruptionC Waves on a beachD A large tornado

24. Which of the following would probably change the surface of the Earth in the shortest amount of time?

A A massive hurricaneB A volcanic eruptionC Waves on a beachD A large tornado

25. Sometimes heat and pressure build up in the Earth’s mantle, pushing hot magma up through a crack or a vent in the surface of the land. The rising magma can explode through the crack and create a/an—

A VolcanoB EarthquakeC GlacierD Valley

25. Sometimes heat and pressure build up in the Earth’s mantle, pushing hot magma up through a crack or a vent in the surface of the land. The rising magma can explode through the crack and create a/an—

A VolcanoB EarthquakeC GlacierD Valley

26. A glacier might be called a “river of ice” because—

A Much of North America used to be covered by glaciers

B Grooves formed by glaciers often fill with water and become lakes

C It flows across the land eroding and weathering everything in its path

D It leaves behind huge piles of broken rock

26. A glacier might be called a “river of ice” because—

A Much of North America used to be covered by glaciers

B Grooves formed by glaciers often fill with water and become lakes

C It flows across the land eroding and weathering everything in its path

D It leaves behind huge piles of broken rock

27. Which of the following would be most directly affected by the flow of a glacier?

A The average height of plants on the mountainsideB The shape of the clouds that form above the glacierC The type of trees found in a nearby lakeD The shape of the valley between the mountains

27. Which of the following would be most directly affected by the flow of a glacier?

A The average height of plants on the mountainsideB The shape of the clouds that form above the glacierC The type of trees found in a nearby lakeD The shape of the valley between the mountains

28. What Happened?

Mount St. Helens, Washington StateBefore May 18, 1980

Mount St. Helens, Washington StateAfter May 18, 1980

28. What Happened?

Mount St. Helens, Washington StateBefore May 18, 1980

Mount St. Helens, Washington StateAfter May 18, 1980

The volcano erupted causing the lava to change the mountain

29. Some changes occur to Earth’s surface slowly while other changes occur rapidly. Which of the following changes the Earth’s surface rapidly?

A. riverB. windC. weatheringD. landslides

Start of MS ?’s

29. Some changes occur to Earth’s surface slowly while other changes occur rapidly. Which of the following changes the Earth’s surface rapidly?

A. riverB. windC. weatheringD. landslides

Start of MS ?’s

30. A new lava flow has created a thick layer of basalt. Which unit of measure would scientists use to measure the thickness of the rock layer, created as a result of volcanic activity?

A. millilitersB. centimetersC. gramsD. inches

30. A new lava flow has created a thick layer of basalt. Which unit of measure would scientists use to measure the thickness of the rock layer, created as a result of volcanic activity?

A. millilitersB. centimetersC. gramsD. inches (not metric)

31. Earth has four major layers as seen in the diagram below. The crust makes up a thin layer on the surface of our planet. This layer is not all in one piece, but is made up of many pieces – like a puzzle covering the surface of the Earth. These pieces, called plates, slowly move around, sliding and bumping into each other.

Which of the following is responsible for rapid changes to Earth’s surface caused by shifting plates?

A. riversB. erosionC. earthquakesD. glaciers

31. Earth has four major layers as seen in the diagram below. The crust makes up a thin layer on the surface of our planet. This layer is not all in one piece, but is made up of many pieces – like a puzzle covering the surface of the Earth. These pieces, called plates, slowly move around, sliding and bumping into each other.

Which of the following is responsible for rapid changes to Earth’s surface caused by shifting plates?

A. riversB. erosionC. earthquakesD. glaciers

32. A teacher asks students to develop a question to research volcanoes. All the following questions would be valid to research EXCEPT –

A. How do volcanoes change the Earth’s surface?

B. What causes volcanoes to erupt?

C. Do scientists drive across moving lava flows?

D. Is a volcano constructive, destructive, or both?

32. A teacher asks students to develop a question to research volcanoes. All the following questions would be valid to research EXCEPT –

A. How do volcanoes change the Earth’s surface?

B. What causes volcanoes to erupt?

C. Do scientists drive across moving lava flows?

D. Is a volcano constructive, destructive, or both?

33. Landslides change the Earth’s surface rapidly when dirt, rocks, and pebbles slide down a slope together. Sometimes these landslides are small and other times they may change the entire side of a mountain.

Which of the following is a cause of landslides?

A. air pollutionB. condensationC. hailstormsD. heavy rainfall

33. Landslides change the Earth’s surface rapidly when dirt, rocks, and pebbles slide down a slope together. Sometimes these landslides are small and other times they may change the entire side of a mountain.

Which of the following is a cause of landslides?

A. air pollutionB. condensationC. hailstormsD. heavy rainfall

34. In an activity, students rub two wood blocks together in opposite directions.

Which natural occurrence does this activity represent?

A. earthquakeB. volcanic eruptionC. landslideD. mountain formation

34. In an activity, students rub two wood blocks together in opposite directions.

Which natural occurrence does this activity represent?

A. earthquakeB. volcanic eruptionC. landslideD. mountain formation

35. The Hawaiian Islands were formed and continue to grow under the ocean surface. Which natural occurrences formed the Hawaiian Islands?

A. earthquakesB. landslidesC. underwater volcanoesD. tectonic plate collisions

35. The Hawaiian Islands were formed and continue to grow under the ocean surface. Which natural occurrences formed the Hawaiian Islands? A. earthquakesB. landslidesC. underwater volcanoesD. tectonic plate collisions

36. A very mountainous region in California has had an extreme amount of rain over the last 2 days. People living in this area should watch out for—

A. hurricanesB. earthquakesC. volcanoesD. landslides

36. A very mountainous region in California has had an extreme amount of rain over the last 2 days. People living in this area should watch out for—

A. hurricanesB. earthquakesC. volcanoesD. landslides

37. A large wave that is formed out at sea by tectonic plate movement is called a tsunami. What is the cause of a tsunami?

A. underwater volcanoB. underwater hurricaneC. underwater earthquakeD. underwater landslide

37. A large wave that is formed out at sea by tectonic plate movement is called a tsunami. What is the cause of a tsunami?

A. underwater volcanoB. underwater hurricaneC. underwater earthquakeD. underwater landslide

38. How does an area benefit from volcanic activity?

A. farmland and crops are destroyedB. new land masses and islands are formedC. poisonous gases are producedD. roads are buried by flowing lava

38. How does an area benefit from volcanic activity?

A. farmland and crops are destroyedB. new land masses and islands are formedC. poisonous gases are producedD. roads are buried by flowing lava

39. Which of these is least likely to cause a rapid change to Earth’s surface?

A. volcanoB. landslideC. earthquakeD. deposition

39. Which of these is least likely to cause a rapid change to Earth’s surface?

A. volcanoB. landslideC. earthquakeD. deposition

40. Which of the following most likely caused the change in the location below?

A. volcanoB. weatheringC. earthquakeD. thunderstorm

40. Which of the following most likely caused the change in the location below?

A. volcanoB. weatheringC. earthquakeD. thunderstorm

41. Before investigating rapid changes in the Earth’s surface, students each developed a hypothesis about what rapid changes in Earth’s surface meant. Which student’s hypothesis was correct?

A. Student 1 said rapid changes meant forms of participation

B. Student 2 guessed rapid changes were high and low temperatures

C. Student 3 guessed rapid changes were caused by volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides

D. Student 4 said rapid changes were the day and night cycle caused by Earth’s rotation

41. Before investigating rapid changes in the Earth’s surface, students each developed a hypothesis about what rapid changes in Earth’s surface meant. Which student’s hypothesis was correct?

A. Student 1 said rapid changes meant forms of participation

B. Student 2 guessed rapid changes were high and low temperatures

C. Student 3 guessed rapid changes were caused by volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides

D. Student 4 said rapid changes were the day and night cycle caused by Earth’s rotation

42. Students learn through investigation that landslides travel at tremendous speeds. They research the effects of landslide speeds and report that some slides travel at speeds approaching 200 miles per hour. Students decide to further investigate these reports by testing different amounts of water on three landform models all made of rock and pebbles. What is the variable in this experimental investigation?

A. landslide speedsB. amount of waterC. types of soilD. amount of pebbles

42. Students learn through investigation that landslides travel at tremendous speeds. They research the effects of landslide speeds and report that some slides travel at speeds approaching 200 miles per hour. Students decide to further investigate these reports by testing different amounts of water on three landform models all made of rock and pebbles. What is the variable in this experimental investigation?

A. landslide speedsB. amount of waterC. types of soilD. amount of pebbles

43. The diagram below shows 4 layers of the Earth identified by numbers.

Which layer experiences changes from earthquakes?

A. layer 1B. layer 2C. layer 3D. layer 4

Layer 1Layer 2Layer 3Layer 4

43. The diagram below shows 4 layers of the Earth identified by numbers.

Which layer experiences changes from earthquakes?

A. layer 1 (crust)B. layer 2C. layer 3D. layer 4

Layer 1Layer 2Layer 3Layer 4

44. Students build volcano models for a class science project. When vinegar, baking soda, dish detergent, and food coloring were mixed, a reaction caused the volcano to look like it was erupting. In the model, what part of a volcano did the mixture represent?

A. ventB. lavaC. magma chamberD. ash cloud

44. Students build volcano models for a class science project. When vinegar, baking soda, dish detergent, and food coloring were mixed, a reaction caused the volcano to look like it was erupting. In the model, what part of a volcano did the mixture represent?

A. ventB. lavaC. magma chamberD. ash cloud

45. When working with vinegar and baking soda, what procedure should students follow when testing the volcano model?

A. stir the mixture rapidlyB. wear safety gogglesC. taste the mixture to identify the ingredientsD. use a fire extinguisher to stop the eruption

45. When working with vinegar and baking soda, what procedure should students follow when testing the volcano model?

A. stir the mixture rapidlyB. wear safety gogglesC. taste the mixture to identify the ingredientsD. use a fire extinguisher to stop the eruption

46. Which of the following best completes the table below?

A. land explodesB. land meltsC. new land formsD. crust fractures

Event Change to LandEarthquake ???Landslide Land overlaps over landVolcano New land created

46. Which of the following best completes the table below?

A. land explodesB. land meltsC. new land formsD. crust fractures

Event Change to LandEarthquake ???Landslide Land overlaps over landVolcano New land created

47. A seismograph is an instrument used for recording the waves caused by vibration and motion of the ground.

The invention, a seismograph is most useful for measuring—

A. tornadoesB. earthquakesC. rainfallD. mudslides

47. A seismograph is an instrument used for recording the waves caused by vibration and motion of the ground.

The invention, a seismograph is most useful for measuring—

A. tornadoesB. earthquakesC. rainfallD. mudslides